View source for Glossary from Crystal Clear

[[Category:Glossary]]
glossary of texts, people and technical terms from '''Crystal Clear''' by [[Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche]]; compiled by [[Erik Pema Kunsang]]
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*[[Abhidharma]] ([[chos mngon pa]]). One of the three parts of the [[Tripitaka]], the [[Words of the Buddha]]. Systematic teachings on metaphysics focusing on developing [[discriminating knowledge]] by analyzing [[elements of experience]] and investigating the nature of existing things. 
*[[arhat]] ([[dgra bcom pa]]). '[[Foe destroyer]];' someone who has conquered the [[four maras]] and attained [[nirvana]], the fourth and final result of the [[Hinayana]] path.
*''[[Aspiration of Mahamudra]]'' ([[phag chen smon lam]]). Famous chant by the [[third Karmapa Rangjung Dorje]]. See ''[[Mahamudra Teachings of the Supreme Siddhas]]'' and [[Song of Karmapa]], [[Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche]].
*[[Chö]], the Dharma tradion set forth by the great female master [[Machik Labdrön]]. Literally, cutting or severance, Chö carries the meaning of cutting through the root of dualistic mind, negative emotions, extreme views, hope and fear, and indecision, in order to reveal [[transcendent knowledge]], [[Prajnaparamita]]. Chö is one of the famous [[Eight Practice Lineages]] of Buddhism in Tibet.
*''[[Creation and Completion]]'' by [[Jamgön Kongtrül Lodro Thaye]], translated by [[Sarah Harding]], Wisdom Publications.
*[[development and completion stage]] ([[bskyed rdzogs]]). The two main aspects, '[[means and knowledge]],' of Vajrayana practice. Briefly stated, development stage means positive mental fabrication while completion stage means resting in the unfabricated nature of mind. The essence of the development stage is '[[pure perception]]' or '[[sacred outlook]],' which means to perceive [[sights, sounds and thoughts]] as [[deity, mantra and wisdom]]. '[[Completion stage with marks]]' means yogic practices such as [[tummo]], inner heat. '[[Completion stage without marks]]' is the practice of Dzogchen and Mahamudra.
*[[dharmata]] ([[chos nyid]]). The inherent nature of phenomena and mind.
*[[Dorje Chang Tunma]]. Famous chant by [[Bengar Jampal Sangpo]] combining a supplication to the [[Kagyü lineage]] with a summary of instructions. It is available from [[Nalanda Translation Committee]].
*[[Drubdra]] ([[sgrub grva]]). [[Practice center]]; the secluded setting for the traditional three-year retreat. Here the meditator will undergo intensive training that includes [[Ngondro|ngöndro]], [[development and completion]].
*[[Dusum Khyenpa|Düsum Khyenpa]] ([[dus gsum mkhyen pa]]) 1110-1193. The first in the incarnation line of the [[Karmapas]].
*[[Dzogchen]] ([[rdzogs pa chen po]]), ([[rdzogs chen]]); Skt. [[mahasandhi]], [[maha ati]], [[Great Perfection]]. The teachings beyond the [[vehicles of causation]], the highest of the [[inner tantras of the Nyingma School]], first taught in the human world by the great vidyadhara [[Garab Dorje]]. Dzogchen is the ultimate of all the 84.000 profound and extensive sections of the Dharma. It is the realization of [[Buddha Samantabhadra]], exactly as it is. The aspects of [[means and knowledge]] of Dzogchen are known as [[Trekchö and Tögal]].
*''[[Entering the Way of the Bodhisattva]]'' ([[Bodhisattva Charya Avatara]]) by [[Shantideva]]; also ''[[Way of the Bodhisattva]]''.
*[[four schools]] ([[grub mtha' bzhi]]). The [[four Buddhist schools of thought]] are: [[Vaibhashika]], [[Sautrantika]], [[Mind-Only]] or [[Chittamatra]], and Middle Way or [[Madhyamika]]. The former two are Hinayana and the latter two Mahayana.
*[[Gampopa]] ([[sgam po pa]]) 1079-1153. Foremost disciple of [[Milarepa]], who possessed both [[supreme realization]] and great scholarship. He was the author of ''The [[Jewel Ornament of Liberation]]''. After he studied and practiced the [[Kadampa]] teachings, at the age of 32 he met [[Jetsün Milarepa]], of whom he was to become the foremost disciple. Among his main disciples were the [[first Karmapa Düsum Khyenpa]] and [[Phagmo Drubpa]].
*[[giving and taking]] ([[gtong len]]). A [[bodhichitta]] practice of giving one's virtue and happiness to others and taking their suffering and misdeeds upon oneself.
*[[Heart Sutra]] ([[shes rab snying po'i mdo]]). The short version of the [[Prajnaparamita Sutra]].
*[[heat and summit]] ([[drod dang rtse mo]]). Two of the '[[four aspects of ascertainment]]' on the [[path of joining]]. Getting close to the [[flame-like wisdom of the path of seeing]] by possessing [[concentration]] concurrent with [[discriminating knowledge]].
*[[jetob]], [[post-meditation]], [[Meditation]] ([[mnyam bzhag]]) means resting in equanimity free from [[mental constructs]], like pure space. [[Postmeditation]] ([[rjes thob]]) is when distracted from that state of equanimity, and one conceptually regards appearances as an illusion, mirage, dream, etc.
*[[Jigmey Lingpa]] ([['jigs med gling pa]]) 1729-1798. The great master of the [[Nyingtig]] tradition who had three visions of [[Longchenpa]] and received his direct lineage renowned as the [[Longchen Nyingtig]]. He collected and organized the tantras known as [[Nyingma Gyübum]] and made a catalogue with a full explanation of the lineal history. Among his immediate reincarnations are counted [[Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo]], [[Paltrul Rinpoche]] and [[Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje]].
*[[King Indrabhuti]] ([[indra bodhi]]). An Indian king at the time of Lord Buddha. He is used as example for the Vajrayana practitioner of the highest capacity who attains [[liberation simultaneously with understanding]] the instructions and who is perfect in mingling the teachings with all aspects of daily life.
*[[King of Samadhi Sutra]] ([[ting 'dzin rgyal po'i mdo]]). A sutra belonging to the [[third turning of the Wheel of the Dharma]]. For an overview, see ''[[King of Samadhi]]'', [[Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche]].
*[[landawa]] ([[la 'da' ba]]), transcending.
*[[lenchik kyepa]] ([[lhan cig skyes pa]]) arising together with, co-emergent.
*[[Machik Labdrön]], see 'Chö'.
*[[Mahamudra]] by [[Dakpo Tashi Namgyal]], [[Shambhala Publications]].
*[[Marpa]] ([[mar pa]]). The great forefather of the [[Kagyü lineage]]. See ''[[Life of Marpa the Translator]]'', Shambhala Publications.
*[[Middle Way]] ([[dbu ma]]); Skt. [[madhyamaka]]. The highest of the [[four Buddhist schools of philosophy]]. The Middle Way means not holding any extreme views, especially those of [[eternalism]] or [[nihilism]].
*[[Milarepa]] ([[mi la ras pa]]). 1040-1123. One of the most famous yogis and poets in Tibetan religious history. Much of the teachings of the [[Karma Kagyü schools]] passed through him. For more details read ''[[The Life of Milarepa]]'' and ''[[The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa]]'' [[Shambhala Publications]]. His name means '[[Cotton-clad Mila]].'
*[[Mind-Only]] ([[sems tsam pa]]), [[Chittamatra]]. A Mahayana school of Buddhist philosophy propagated by the great master [[Asanga]] and his followers. Founded on the [[Lankavatara Sutra]] and other scriptures, its main premise is that all phenomena are only mind, i.e. mental perceptions that appear within the [[all-ground consciousness]] due to [[habitual tendencies]]. Positively, this view relinquishes the fixation on a solid reality. Negatively, there is still clinging to a truly existing 'mind' within which everything takes place.
*[[Nagarjuna]] ([[klu grub]]). An Indian master of philosophy and a [[tantric siddha]]. He is said to have taken birth in the southern part of India around four hundred years after the Buddha's nirvana. Having received ordination at [[Nalanda Monastery]], he later acted as preceptor for the monks. He knew alchemy, stayed alive for six hundred years and transformed ordinary materials into gold in order to sustain the sangha. At [[Bodhgaya]] he erected pillars and stone walls to protect the [[Bodhi Tree]] and constructed 108 stupas. From the realm of the nagas he brought back the [[extensive Prajnaparamita scriptures]]. He was the life pillar for the Mahayana, but specifically he was a major exponent of the [[Unexcelled Vehicle of Vajrayana]]. 
*[[namtok]] ([[rnam rtog]]), thinking, conceptual thought.
*[[nangwa]] ([[snang ba]]), perception, experience, appearance.
*[[Naropa]] ([[na ro pa]]) 1016-1100. The great [[mahasiddha]] of India, chief disciple of [[Tilopa]] and the guru of [[Marpa]] in the [[Kagyü Lineage]]. See ''[[The Rain of Wisdom]]'', Shambhala Publications.
*[[nyam]] ([[nyams]]), meditative experiences or moods. Usually refers to the temporary experiences of bliss, clarity and nonthought produced through meditation practice.
*[[nyamshak]] ([[mnyam bzhag]]), meditation, mind while composed in [[samadhi]]. See also [[jetob]].
*''[[Ornament of the Middle Way]]'', ([[Madhyamika Alamkara]]) by [[Shantarakshita]]. Translated with [[Mipham Rinpoche]]'s commentary by [[Thomas Doctor]].
*[[pandita]], master scholar.
*[[Pema Karpo]] ([[kun mkhyen pad ma dkar po]]) 1527-1592. Great master of the [[Drukpa Kagyu lineage|Drukpa Kagyü lineage]].
*[[perception]] ([[snang ba]]), nangwa, any occurrence in the mind. Includes sense impressions, plans, memories and meditative experiences.
*[[phowa]] ([['pho ba]]). The yogic practice of ejecting the consciousness to a higher level at the time of death.
*''[[Pointing Out the Dharmakaya]]'' by [[Wangchuk Dorje]] translated and published by [[Nalanda Translation Committee]] (restricted text).
*[[Prajna|prajña]] ([[shes rab]]), knowledge, insight, intelligence.
*[[Prajnaparamita|Prajñaparamita scriptures]] ([[sher phyin gyi mdo]]). Sutras belonging to the [[second turning of the wheel of Dharma]], empasizing emptiness.
*[[Profound Sutras of Definitive Meaning]]. Sutras belonging to the [[third turning of the wheel of Dharma]], emphasizing [[buddha-nature]].
*''[[Rain of Wisdom]]'', the ''[[Ocean of the Songs of the Kagyü Gurus]]'' ([[bka' brgyud mgur mtsho]]). A collection of songs of the masters of the [[Kagyu Lineages]]. Shambhala Publications.
*[[Rangjung Dorje]] ([[rang byung rdo rje]]). The [[third Karmapa]].
*[[rang-rig]] ([[rang rig]]), [[self-knowing]].
*[[rupakaya]] ([[gzugs kyi sku]]). '[[Form body]].' A collective term for both [[sambhogakaya]] and [[nirmanakaya]].
*salcha ([[gsal cha]]). The cognizant, knowing quality of mind.
*[[Samadhi Raja Sutra]] ([[mdo ting 'dzin rgyal po]]). See [[King of Samadhi Sutra]].
*[[Saraha]], Indian [[mahasiddha]] and [[lineage master]] in the [[Mahamudra transmission]]. Several of his songs are translated into English.
*[[Sautrantika]] ([[mdo sde pa]]). A [[hinayana school of philosophy]] and the second of the [[four major Buddhist Schools]] known for its reliance on the sutras rather than [[Abhidharma]].
*sem ([[sems]]). When opposed to ordinary mind, it means the state of [[dualistic thinking]] which is ignorant of its own nature and produces karma for further samsaric rebirth.
*sewa ([[bsre ba]]). Mingling.
*[[Shantideva]] ([[zhi ba lha]]). Indian [[mahasiddha]] and scholar at [[Nalanda university]] during the first half of the 8th century. He astounded the monks of Nalanda with his famous poem on [[bodhichitta]], the [[Bodhisattva Charyavatara]]. He was one of the [[eighty-four mahasiddhas]] of India.
*[[shedra]] ([[bshad grva]]), study center. College of spiritual studies.
*[[Six Doctrines of Naropa]] ([[na ro chos drug]]). Tummo, illusory body, dream, luminosity, bardo, and phowa. 
*[[tangka]] ([[thang kha]]). Painted scroll of spiritual nature.
*[[tathagata]] ([[de bzhin gshegs pa]]). '[[Thus-gone]].' Same as a fully enlightened buddha.
*[[tamal kyi shepa]] ([[tha mal gyi shes pa]]). The Tibetan for '[[ordinary mind]].'
*[[threefold freely resting]] ([[cog bzhag gsum]]) [[chokzhak sum]].
*[[Tilopa]] ([[til li pa]]). Indian [[mahasiddha]], the guru of [[Naropa]] and father of the [[Kagyü lineage]].
*[[tonglen]] ([[gtong len]]), see [[giving and taking]].
*[[torma]] ([[gtor ma]]). An implement used in tantric ceremonies. Can also refer to a food offering to protectors of the Dharma or unfortunate spirits.
*[[Treasury of Oral Instructions]] ([[gdams ngag mdzod]]). Contains the most essential advice and transmissions from the [[eight main Practice Lineages of Buddhism in Tibet]]. Compiled by [[Jamgön Kongtrül Lodrö Thaye]].
*[[tummo]] ([[gtum mo]]), '[[inner heat]]' one of the [[Six Doctrines of Naropa]].
*[[Vaibhashika]] ([[bye brag smra ba]]). One of the [[two main Hinayana schools of philosophy]]. It is based on the [[Abhidharma teachings]] compiled in the [[Mahavidhasa]], the treatise known as the [[Great Treasury of Detailed Exposition]] ([[bye brag bshad mdzod chen mo]]).
*[[Vairochana]] ([[rnam par snang mdzad lo tsa ba]]). One of the [[five families]], the chief buddha of the [[tathagata family]].
*[[Vajra Yogini]] ([[rdo rje rnal 'byor ma]]). A [[semiwrathful yidam]]. She is red, with one face and two arms, young and beautiful but enraged and wearing ornaments of human bones. She represents the transformation of ignorance and passion into [[shunyata]] and compassion. In the [[Kagyu tradition]], her sadhana is often given as the students's entry into [[anuttarayoga]] practice. 
*[[Wangchuk Dorje]] ([[dbang phyug rdo rje]]) 1556-1603. The ninth in the incarnation line of the Karmapas. 
*''[[Way of the Bodhisattva]]''. [[Shantideva]]'s classic on [[bodhichitta]] and the [[six paramitas]]. Exists in several translations, from both Sanskrit and Tibetan.
*[[wind disorder]] ([[rlung]]). Imbalance of the energies in the body.