seng ldeng

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སེང་ལྡེང
Khadira. Acacia catechu, a tree with very hard wood used for the points of ploughshares, the axle-pins of chariots, amulets, etc. Its resin is used medicinally [RY]

teakwood, teak, rosewood; teakwood; teak, rosewood, teakwood [RY]

acacia catechu, SA stod ja, teak, tree growing on the southern lower ranges with red wood whose bark is used for tea and sap serves as officinal drug, acacia catechu, 3 species (red, yellow, white) [JV]

khadiraka:, teak/ rosewood [IW]

(med) Catechu, Cutch tree
Synonyms : kha di ra, seng ldeng, kha di ra si ta, seng ldeng dkar po, pi ta kha di ra, seng ldeng ser po, a ri me, tshil sgra, so ma balka, zla ba'i yal kha, dzi binbra ksha, 'tsho ba'i shing, kha ti ra, chu ser khrag 'thung, khu ba mdze 'joms (Shel gong)

seng ldeng khrag dang chu ser skem par byed / ces par / rin spungs [230] las / seng ldeng bsil bas chu ser skem par byed / ces dang / dpag bsam ljon shing las / seng ldeng gis ni skem par byed / ces dang / rang byung pas / seng ldeng mdze dang chu ser skem / zhes par / ming / kha di ra / seng ldeng / kha di ra si ta / seng ldeng dkar po / pi ta kha di ra / seng ldeng ser po / a ri me / tshil sgra / so ma balka / zla ba'i yal kha / dzi binbra ksha / 'tsho ba'i shing / kha ti ra / chu ser khrag 'thung / khu ba mdze 'joms rnams zer / 'di la rigs gsum / dmar po tsandan seng ldeng / ser po skyer seng ldeng / skya bo som seng ldeng zer / de gsum rim pas dman / snga ma bzang mkhregs rim pas lci ba'o / grags che bas gsal kha ma dgos so // (Shel gong shel phreng, pdf p 229.6) (mDzes mtshar mig rgyan, print p 113 missing)

Illustrations : 'Phrin Las 1987 (27_071) seng ldeng rigs gsum las tsen dan seng ldeng (27_072) skyer seng ldeng (27_073) gsom seng ldeng (34_017) seng ldeng (35_029) seng ldeng

1. Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge (Sapindaceae) Yellow horn, Chinese flowering chestnut (Wangyal 2020, Ma 2023). Reported name tsan dan seng ldeng, Tanhong Shengdeng (Ma 2023)
2. Biancaea sappan (L.) Tod. (Fabaceae) (Ma 2023). Reported name Tanhong Shengdeng
3. Rhamnela gilgitica Mansf. & Melch. (Rhamnaceae) (Wangyal 2020, Ma 2023). Reported name Bihuang Shengdeng (Ma 2023)
4. Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge (Rhamnaceae) (Ma 2023). Reported name Bihuang Shengdeng
5. Rhamnella forrestii W.W.Sm. (Rhamnaceae) (Ma 2023). Reported name Bihuang Shengdeng
6. Rhamnella martini (H.Lév.) C.K.Schneid. (Rhamnaceae) (Ma 2023). Reported name Bihuang Shengdeng
7. Frangula crenata (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq. (Rhamnaceae) (Ma 2023). Reported name Bihuang Shengdeng
8. Rhamnus sargentiana C.K.Schneid. (Rhamnaceae) (Ma 2023). Reported name Bihuang Shengdeng
9. Rhamnus xizangensis Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou (Rhamnaceae) (Ma 2023). Reported name Bihuang Shengdeng
10. Rhamnus dumetorum C.K.Schneid. (Rhamnaceae) (Ma 2023). Reported name Bihuang Shengdeng
11. Rhamnus tangutica J.J.Vassil. (Rhamnaceae) (Ma 2023). Reported name Bihuang Shengdeng
12. Rhamnus dauurica Pall. (Rhamnaceae) Dahurian buckthorn (Molvray 1988 G). Cited from northern sources.
13. Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Knight ex L.Forbes) K.Koch (Cephalotaxaceae) (Ma 2023). Reported name Songbai Shengdeng
14. Senegalia catechu (L.F.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb. (Fabaceae) Catechu, Cutch tree (Drungtso 1999, Ma 2023). Synonyms : stod ja (Wangchuk 2011 Bhutan). Reported name Songbai Shengdeng (Ma 2023). Sanskrit : khadira (Dash 1989, Pandanus).
15. Taxus wallichiana Zucc. (Taxaceae) Himalayan yew (Wangyal 2020, Ma 2023). Reported name gsom seng ldeng, Songbai Shengdeng (Ma 2023)
16. Senegalia polyacantha (Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger (Fabaceae) White catechu (Dash 1989). Reported name seng ldeng dkar po. Sanskrit : kadara (Dash 1989, Pandanus), somavalka (Pandanus)

Ma (2023), comparing different tibetan and chinese sources, describes 3 groupes with a total of 14 species : "The “ Shengdeng” species primarily inhabit the middle and lower altitude regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. The “ Tanhong Shengdeng” variety is primarily distributed in high altitude regions, notably Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, and other areas. In contrast, the “ Bihuang Shengdeng” type exhibits a wide distribution and is commonly found along the hillside edges of forests. It predominantly flourishes in sub-montane to montane regions. Lastly, the “ Songbai Shengdeng” variety thrives at relatively lower altitudes and can be found throughout the entirety of the country".
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1303902

Johannes Schmidt (talk) 06:53, 17 March 2024 (EDT)