dung

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དུང
1) conch shell; 2) horn instrument; 3) conch medicine)/ [pungent, cool melting, by its power good for rnag skem pa dang, rnag 'gyings pa 'bigs, rus tsad sel, 'bras 'joms, chu ser dang dmu chu skem, klad pa'i nad dang dug nad] [a tortoise shell] [IW]

shell, conch, white conch, trumpet, ritual objects, 1 of 8 sman bla, conch-shell (used as an offering vessel or horn), conch shell [JV]

conch shell [RB]

1) conch shell; 2) horn instrument; 3) conch med. [IW]

a conch; a tortoise shell, a shell. conch, horn instruments; a trumpet/ a pipe/ a demon; conch-shell/ skull; mollusk [RY]

(sman) Conch shell (dGa’ ba’i rDo rje 1998)
Synonyms : shaM ka, dza la dza, chu skye, dza la ka raM ka, chu ka raM ka, s+'u tsi ka mu kha, khab kyi kha, kam+bu ra, ni bu sha ni (Shel gong) dung bsregs (Yeshi 2018) dung dkar (Drungtso 1999).
Sanskrit : śaṅkha (Dash 1989)

dung gis rnag skem 'byings 'bigs rus tshad sel / zhes pa la ming / shaM ka / dung / dza la dza / chu skye / dza la ka raM ka / chu ka raM ka / s+'u tsi ka mu kha / khab kyi kha / kam+bu ra dang / ni bu sha ni rnams zer / 'di la rigs lnga 'byung ste / mchog 'bring dman gsum du phye na / dak+shi na wa rta shaM kha zhes pa dung g.yas su 'khyil ba ste 'di skye ba gzhan gyis bar ma mchod pa'i dung skye ba lta pa bshad / kha dog kunda ltar rab tu dkar ba 'byung / 'di bkra shis pa'i rdzas te / brgya byin bram ze skar rgyal du sprul nas bcom ldan 'das la phul ba'i rigs so / gzi dung zhes dung mjug 'bud kha'i phyogs phra la ring ba / kha dog gzi ser khra 'dra bar khra ba 'di gnyis bzang bas snga ma mchog dang phyi ma rab yin / si ta shaM kha 'am / shaM kha warta / zhes pa dung dkar ram / dung dkyil ba ste / yongs grags dung dkar 'di ste 'bring ba'o / kan+da shaM kha / zhes pa dung tsher ma can nam / dung rwa can zer te / dung gi phyi la gzugs mo byi thur 'dra ba'i dung gi tsher mas khyab pa zhig 'byung ba dang / rak+ta shaM kha zhes dung dmar te / sin+d+hu ra'i mdogs 'dra ba zhig 'byung zhes pa rnams rim pas zhan pa'o / 'di rnams ni yul m+'a ra sha ti dang / si ko d+ha ra dang / rdo ba ri ka la sogs kyi rgya mtsho nang nas 'byung ba'o / rin thang ni / g.yas 'khyil la gser sgor brjed byed pa dang / phyi ma bzhi la dngul srang gang dang / de las rim pas zho do re 'bri bar byed pa'o / 'di rus tshad skabs ma gtogs sol mer dkar sangs tshos par bsreg dgos / sman la dung dkar yongs grags [098] legs zhes gsungs // (Shel gong shel phreng, pdf p 097.1)

Illustrations : 'Phrin Las (25_055) g.yas 'khyil (25_056) gzi dung (25_057) g.yon 'khyil yongs grags (25_058) 'brum pa can nam tsher can

The Shel gong Shel phreng mentiones 5 types, classified as superiour, medium and inferiour. Superiour are two : mchog, dung g.yas su 'khyil ba or dak+shi na wa rta shaM kha, and rab, gzi dung. The medium one is dung dkar or dung 'khyil ba. The two inferiour ones are dung tsher ma can, also dung rwa can or kan+da shaM ka, and dung dmar or rak+ta shaM ka.
dGa’ ba’i rDo rje's identification are confusing due to the discrepencies between the photographs and some legends as well as differences in the image material between the 1998 and 2018 editions for the same tibetan names. The images in the 'Medical Thankas' recall all more or less the Sacred conch (Turbinella sp), but neither Parfionovitch nor 'Phrin Las gives any specific name. The following is an attempt of a synthesis :
Superiour types :
dung g.yas 'khyil – one of the 8 auspicious objects. There is a general consensus of several authors on the right coiling form of Rapana bezoar Linnaeus 1767, Bezoar rapa whelk. But the image (1998) shows the Sacred conch, Turbinella pyrum Linnaeus 1758, in (2018) it doesn't correspond either, but it is not specified.
gzi dung – Charonia tritonis Linnaeus, 1758, Triton’s trumpet, Giant triton
Medium types :
dung dkar – corresponds to the superiour type, but is smaller, used as offering vessel. Rapana bezoar Linnaeus 1767. The image in both editions show the Sacred conch, Turbinella pyrum Linnaeus 1799.
dung dmar – Hemifusus tuba Gmelin 1791, Crown conch.
Inferiour type :
dung tsher ma can – Murex pecten Lightfoot 1786, Venus comb murex.
The marine snail shells dung, shang ka shi la and 'gron bu as well as oystershells/mother of pearl and pearls (nya phyis and mu tig) are classified as medicinal precious substances, the shells dung 'dra as medicinal stones and the mollusc 'bu skyogs (synonym dung 'dra) and na bun bu mo as medicinal animal.
Johannes Schmidt (talk) 08:55, 1 March 2024 (EST)