g.yu

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གཡུ
turquoise [RY]

turquoise, lakak and w. tibet turquoise, turquoise [JV]

(sman) Turquoise (dGa ba'i rDo rje 1998)
Synonyms : bai r+'a dza, rin po che'i rgyal po, rdo' rgyal po (Shel gong)
Sanskrit : vairāja (wisdomlib.org)

g.yu yis dug dang mchin tshad sel bar byed / ces pa ni bai ra' dza zhes bya ba'i rin po che ste / rin po che'i rgyal po [080] 'am rdo'i rgyal po la 'jug / 'di la rigs bzhi ste / bas+maM gi dang / ma y+'u raM gi dang / ka g+haM gi dang / b+hruM gi'o / bas+maM gi ni mdog sno la dkar shas che la 'od zer dang bcas pa'o / ma y+'u raM gi ni / rma bya'i sgro la rngul gyis cung zad phog pa 'dra ba'o / ka g+haM ni sngo nag gi mdog can no / b+hruM gi ni mdog sngo nag ser kha dang bcas pa'o / de ni rgya gar lugs kyi ngos 'dzin lugs yin la gang yang snga ma la gser lnga skor sprod cing phyi ma rim pas snga ma'i bcu sde la gnyis re chag pa'i gong thang byed do / bod kyi ngos 'dzin lugs ni / g.yu rnying gsum / bar g.yu gnyis / g.yu gsar gsum dang brgyad du dbye ba yin / g.yu rnying gsum ni / sngo zhing dkar la bkrag mdangs che la mun par yang mthong ba de la drug dkar dang / sngo zhing dmar mdangs che le snum pa drug dmar / de gnyis zil gyis gnon pa drug dkar las cung sngo ba la g.yu spyang zer te sman la 'di gsum mchog tu nus pa che'o / bar g.yu gnyis ni / drug dkar 'dra la de las bkrag chung zhing 'o kha can g.yu sngon / drug dmar las cung gsar la mdangs zhan pa bar dmar te 'di gnyis nus pa 'bring ba'o / g.yu gsar ni rigs dbyibs ma nges pa gsar nyams can ni rgya g.yu ste g.yu ba'u yang zer / shin tu gsar pa sngon ni 'dra la rdo sra mkhregs dkar gong 'dra ba 'byar ba'i 'brum pa can g.yu ro dang / kha dog zhan pa ser kha dbyibs gsar rnying ma nges pa la drug se zhes ngan pa'o / 'di rnams ni rgya gar na ye med pas mtsho ma dros pa'i gting na yod pas / zla ba bdun pa'i dus char zhod che dus mtsho dang bod gangs can du 'bab pa'i chu 'brubs pas rkyen byas nas gangs [081] can du thor bu 'byung ba dang / 'ga' zhig rgya nag dang zhang zhung nas kyang 'byung ngo // (Shel gong shel phreng, pdf p 079.6)

Illustrations : 'Phrin Las (25_038) g.yu drug dkar (25_039) g.yu dmar (25_040) g.yu spyang (25_041) drug dmar 'dra ba'i bar g.yu (25_042) drug dkar 'dra ba'i g.yu sngon (25_043) rgya g.yu. dGa ba'i rDo rje 1998 (n°042) g.yu

Processed turquoise for medicine is pale white, which is it's inherent colour. It is blue due to copper impurities and green due to iron. Turquoise (Hydrated copper aluminium phosphate) is an ancient trade item, mirrored by one of it's synonyms, the loanword bai r+'a dza, linked to the persian firoza, 'victorious'.
The names in the Mahāvutpatti (5969) are mayūrāṅkī and g.yu phal pa.
The name turquoise is reserved for an end-member of the turquoise group. Most of the gem material labelled "turquoise" is inhomogeneous, with the white, pale green or pale blue mineral planerite as the most common constituent in commercial turquoise (mindat.org)
Johannes Schmidt (talk) 10:32, 29 February 2024 (EST)