gser

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གསེར
1) gold[en] [med.]; 3) [h] particle; 4) beg for gold or silver [IW]

gold, gold, fair, royal, celestial, precious, world, unchangeableness [JV]

golden (age); begging for gold. or silver [RY]

(sman) Gold (dGa' ba'i rdo rje 1995)
Synonyms : so na, sau warna, su warna, mdog bzang, ha Ta ka, zo mchog, ts+'a me+s ya, tsam pa skyes, ga ge yaM, gan+g+'a skyes, a lan+ka ra su wa rnaM, rgyan mdog bzang, ta pa n+'i yaM, bsreg bya, ts+'a l+'i ka raM, sa le sbram, dz+'a ta r+'u paM, skye gzugs, a sh+Ta p+'a da, rkang brgyad pa, sha ta kum+b+ha, bum brgya pa, kai ri kaM, ri las skyes, karta swa raM, 'od byed, dzam+bu na daM, dzam+bu chu gser, ka la d+hau ta, cha shas sbyang, ban+Th+'i bi dza, me'i sa bon, tai dza saM, gzi brjid skyes, ma h+'a tag+ni, rin chen me, dza taM, skyes pa, tsa ku ra dza taM, tsa ku ra skyes, ta ra dzi ba ni, 'tsho ba sgrol byed, b+h+'u ri tsan+draM, sa'i zla ba, lo h+'a pa raM, lcags mchog, kur+bu raM, mdangs ldan, h+'a ta kaM, tshong 'dus 'grim, ma h+'a r+'a dza, kha dog rgyal po, swa war+NaM, ka na ka, he ma, k+'any+tsa NaM, ru g+maM, mdog ldan, a+'a la, hi ra NyaM, ka na kaM, b+ha na, al+Thasa, ShriM g+'i, ka na kaM, rwa can gser, sau na, lcags kyi gtso bo, sa'i snying po, skye ba rgyun gcod (Shel gong).
Sanskrit : svarṇa (Dash 1989)

gser gyis tshe ring rgas sra dbyig dug sel / zhes dang / man ngag be bum las / gser ni ro bska zhu rjes kha / nus bsil dug sel tshe 'phel yang / dug dang ldan pas skye rgyun gcod / ces pa'i ming ni / so na / gser / sau warna dang / su warna / mdog bzang / ha Ta ka / zo mchog / ts+'a me+s ya / tsam pa skyes / ga ge yaM / gang+'a skyes / a lan+ka ra su wa rnaM / rgyan mdog bzang [100] ta pa n+'i yaM / bsreg bya / ts+'a l+'i ka raM / sa le sbram / dz+'a ta r+'u paM / skye gzugs / a sh+Ta p+'a da / rkang brgyad pa / sha ta kum+b+ha / bum brgya pa / kai ri kaM / ri las skyes / karta swa raM / 'od byed / dzam+bu na daM / dzam+bu chu gser / ka la d+hau ta / cha shas sbyang / ban+Th+'i bi dza / me'i sa bon / tai dza saM / gzi brjid skyes / ma h+'a tag+ni / rin chen me / dza taM / skyes pa / tsa ku ra dza tam / tsa ku ra skyes / ta ra dzi ba ni / 'tsho ba sgrol byed / b+h+'u ri tsan+draM / sa'i zla ba / lo h+'a pa raM / lcags mchog / kur+bu raM / mdangs ldan / h+'a ta kaM / tshong 'dus 'grim / ma h+'a r+'a dza / kha dog rgyal po / swa war+NaM / ka na ka / he ma / k+'any+tsa NaM / ru g+maM / mdog ldan / a+'a la / hi ra NyaM / ka na kaM / b+ha na / gser / zhes rgya bod spel skad kyi ming grangs dang / hor gyis / al+Thasa zer / ShriM g+'i / ka na kaM / rwa can gser zer ro / 'phral skad du / sau na / gab tu / lcags kyi gtso bo / sa'i snying po / skye ba rgyun gcod / ces zer / 'di la rigs chen gnyis dang / rigs phran drug sogs 'byung bas / rigs chen ni / dmar po dang / ser po gnyis so / dmar po ni / shing dzam+bu brik+Sha'i 'bras bu rgya mtshor lhung ba klus zos pa'i brun thams cad gser du gyur pa rgya mtsho'i rlabs kyis bye ma dang 'dres par chu 'gram du chags pas dzam+bu chu bo'i gser zhes grags la / klu'i rgyal pos rin po che sna bdun dang sbrags nas zos pas rin chen bdun 'dus par bshad / gser de bya me zan nam / bya tshe ring gis zos pa'i brun rgya nag dang ho ra yul sogs su chags pa yang snga ma ltar yod pa rnams ni / dbyibs zangs dmar g.ya' chad pa 'dra ba cher dmar ba bzhib tu brtags na 'ja' 'od cung zad chags pa / dril bu sogs bcos [101] na gsung shin tu snyan pa zhig 'byung ba la / ming / dzhaik+Shima dang / zur chag par zi khyim dang / rdzi khyim zer / 'di la kun mkhyen puN+da ri kas / zi khyim sin+d+h+'u'i chu klung dag gi 'gram / gser bzhin chags pas gser dmar yin par grags / 'di la klu yi rin chen sna bdun po / ma lus 'dus pas yid bzhin nor bu 'dra / kha dog cher dmar zhib brtags 'ja' 'od snang / dug chus reg na dbang po'i gzhu nyid ston / zhes gsungs bzhin btsan dug gi chu byugs na 'ja' 'od chags pa dang / dug brtags tshe nad pa'i khar bcug pa'am / lus drod du 'chang bas kyang de bzhin 'byung ba 'di ni nga byig dug la mchog tu phan pa bcas mchog gi gser ro / gnyis pa ser po la mchog dman gnyis las / mchog ni sa le sbram zhes pa'am / dzam+bu chu bo'i gser snga ma dang rgyu mtshan 'dra ba / kha dog dmar ser gur gum gyi mdog lta bu 'od zer 'phro ba / shin tu snum pa dang / phal pa la / ser la dmar mdangs can dang / ser skya sngo mdangs can dang / ser skya dkar shas can rnams 'byung ba rim pas mchog nas dman pa'o / khungs yang / rgya gar nag / gu lang / tho gor gar log / mnga' ri tre nag khams / sga 'bri / mi nyag / li chu sogs nas 'byung ba snga ma legs par bshad kyang ma nges so / 'on kyang brtag thabs gsum gsungs pa ltar ma brtags na gser 'gyur byas pa'i gser man dang nor 'phrang che'o / yan lag brgyad pa las / padma'i 'dab mar chu bzhin du / gser gyi yan lag la mi chags / tshe yang ring du 'phel bar 'gyur / zhes dang / zla zer las / gang gi phyir gser 'thungs par gyur pas dug zos pa'i yan lag rnams la [102] dug de chags shing zhen par mi 'gyur te / dper na padma'i 'dab mar chu chags par mi 'gyur ba de bzhin du dug chags par mi 'gyur ba dang / de bzhin du gser 'thungs par gyur pa dag ni tshe ring (tsher di?) zhing 'phel bar 'gyur ba nyid kyang thob par 'gyur ro / zhes dang / rang byung rdo rjes / gser gyis rgas pa rnam par 'joms / zhes gsungs so / srid srung la ser po bzang ngo / gser rang bzhin gtong dgos rigs la dug phral nas gtong ba la dug 'don / dug dang ldan par gtong dgos la dug slong / tshon du gtong tshe / kha dog 'don pa la btso ma byed pa btso sbrad / 'dul lugs / mdog bsgyur / dngul bzang sogs la tsha gser byugs thabs / gser shog byed na brdung ba'i lag len / de rgyag thabs / mgar du byed pa'i tsha la rnams dang / thal sman dgos tshe gser sogs rin po che'i thal ba 'os tshad kyi lag len bcas kho bos logs su gsal bar byas yod pa las longs shig // (Shel gong shel phreng, pdf p 099.5)

Illustrations : 'Phrin Las (25_016) gser bya brun dmar po (25_017) dzhye khrim (25_018) ser po mchog sa le sbram (25_019) ser po dmar mdangs can da lta khams gser (25_020) ser skya da lta e gser (25_021) sngo mdangs can da lta sog gser (25_022) ser dkar shas che ba

The Shel gong shel phreng distinguishes two main types – red and yellow - as well as six minor ones. The red type is alluvial gold from the Indus valley. The yellow type has a superior and an inferior quality. The superior quality is called sa le sbram, is reddish yellow like safron and very smooth. The common one is yellow with a red hue or light yellow with a bluish hue or yellowish white. The quality is descending in this order.
Ancient gold is always native, either from host rocks ('reef gold') or alluvial deposits ('placer gold'). Most of the early gold was electrum (20-80% gold and 20-80% silver), particularly the alluvial one. The oldest artifacts date back to around 4500 BC in Bulgaria near the Black Sea coast, but it's use became more spread in Egypt since the pre-dynastic period (end of the 5th millenium BC). The most important ancient gold deposits were in Nubia, but also in Egypt, Anatolia, Iran and Bactria.
Native gold has been digged for and collected on riverbeds since the antiquity in Western Tibet (Herodot's legend of the Gold-digging ant, 5th c BC), and in South India since the 1st c. as well, but the mined gold ores of today were certainly unknown. The reknown of the gold deposits can very well be the origin of the old tibetan name for the Indus valley and Ladakh, mar yul (sometimes confused or 'miscorrected' to mang yul), mar being the Zhanzhung name for gold.
gser bye, gold sand, and gser rdo, gold(en) stone, do not contain gold, but share only the colour.
Johannes Schmidt (talk) 09:44, 28 February 2024 (EST)