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__NOTOC__
#redirect [[Three Kayas]]
 
== .1 ==
The five letters ''[[:Category:ga|ga]]'' ''[[:Category:da|da]]'' ''[[:Category:ba|ba]]'' ''[[:Category:ma|ma]]'' ''[[:Category:'a|'a]]'' frequently occur before the real, radical initials of other words, but are seldom pronounced, except in similar cases as [[7. Compound Consonants#.6|7.6]]. ''[[:Category:ga|ga]]'' occurs before ''[[:Category:ca|ca]]'' ''[[:Category:nya|nya]]'' ''[[:Category:ta|ta]]'' ''[[:Category:da|da]]'' ''[[:Category:na|na]]'' ''[[:Category:tsa|tsa]]'' ''[[:Category:zha|zha]]'' ''[[:Category:za|za]]'' ''[[:Category:ya|ya]]'' ''[[:Category:sha|sha]]'' ''[[:Category:sa|sa]]''; ''[[:Category:da|ga]]'' before the gutterals and labials with exception of the aspiratae; ''[[:Category:ba|ba]]'' before ''[[:Category:ka|ka]]'' ''[[:Category:da|da]]'', the palatals, dentals and palatal sibilants with the same exception as under ''[[:Category:da|da]]'', then ''[[:Category:zha|zha]]'' ''[[:Category:za|za]]'' ''[[:Category:ra|ra]]'' ''[[:Category:sha|sha]]'' ''[[:Category:sa|sa]]'' ; ''[[:Category:ma|ma]]'' before the gutterals, palatals, dentals and palatal sibilants, excepted the surds; ''[[:Category:'a|'a]]'' before the aspiratae and sonants of the five classes. In [[Abbreviations|CT]], to pronounce them in any case, is considered vulgar.
 
== .2 ==
The ambiguity which would arise in case of the prefix standing before one of the 10 final consonants, as single radical, the vowel being the unwritten a, - [[Abbreviations|e.g.]] in the syllable ''[[dag]]'', which, if ''[[:Category:da|da]]'' is radical, has to be pronounced ''dag'', if prefixed ''[[:Category:ga|ga]]'', - is avoided by adding ''[[:Category:'a|'a]]'' in the latter case: thus, ''[[dga']]''. Other examples are: ''[[gad]]'' and ''[[gda']]''; ''[[bas]]'' and ''[[bsa']]'' ; ''[[mad]]'' and ''[[mda']]''; ''[['ga']]''. This ''[[:Category:'a|'a]]'' is added, though the radical be not one of the mentioned letters; as, ''[[bka']]''.
 
== .3 ==
''[[:Category:da|da]]'' as a prefix and ''[[:Category:ba|ba]]'' as a first as first radical annul each other, so that only the following sound is heard, as will be seen in the following examples (''[[dbang]]'' etc).
 
== .4 ==
Another irregularity is the nasal pronounciation of the prefixed ''[[:Category:'a|'a]]'' in compounds after a vowel, which is often heard [[Abbreviations|e.g.]] ''[[dge 'dun]]'' pronounced ''gen-dun'', but eleg: ''ge-dun'', ,clergy'; ''[[bka' 'bum]]'' ''kam-bum'', eleg. ''ka-bum'', ,the 100 000 precepts' (title of a book). - Note. With regard to the aspiration of the soft consonants in [[Abbreviations|ET]] the prefixed letters have the same influence as the superadded ones [[7. Compound Consonants#.9|7.9]]
 
== .5 ==
'''Examples:'''<BR>
 
''[[g.yag]]'' ''yak'' - bos grunniens, yak.<BR>
''[[dpe cha]]'' ''pe-cha'' ([[Abbreviations|Ld.]]: ''spe-cha'' - book.<BR>
''[[bzang po]]'' ''sang-po'' - good.<BR>
''[['bab pa]]'' ''bap-pa'' - to descend.<BR>
''[['bang]]'' wang, [[Abbreviations|vulg.]][[Abbreviations|C]]: ''ang'' - power.<BR>
''[[dbus]]'' ''Ue'' - name of the Lhasa district.<BR>
''[[dben pa]]'' ''en-pa'' - solitude.<BR>
''[[dbyibs]]'' ''yib(s), ib'' - figure.<BR>
''[[dkar po]]'' ''kar-po'' - white.<BR>
''[[dgra bo]]'' ''dra-wo'' - enemy.<BR>
''[[mngar mo]]'' ''ngar-mo'' - sweet.<BR>
''[[bcu bzhi]]'' ''chub-zhi'', [[Abbreviations|Eleg.]] ''cu-zhi'' - fourteen.<BR>
''[[dbu]]'' ''u'' resp. - head.<BR>
''[[dbugs]]'' ''ug(s)'', [[Abbreviations|C]]: ''ug, u'' - breath.<BR>
''[[dbyar ka]]'' ''yar ka'' - summer.<BR>
''[[dbye ba]]'' ''ye-wa, e-wa'' - difference.<BR>
 
 
<BR><BR>Click here to go to the front page of the [[Second Edition of H.A. Jaeschke's 'Tibetan Grammar']]

Latest revision as of 22:21, 28 January 2006

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