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Return to '''''main page "[[Mulamadhyamakakarika: Verses from the Centre]]"''''' for information and links.
#REDIRECT[[skye med ti la ka'i lung]]
 
(return to list of '''''[[Contents & Translation of "Mulamadhyamakakarika: Verses from the Centre"]]''''')
 
 
'''Chapter 22. Investigation of [[Tathagata]]'''
 
'''''([[Buddha-nature]])'''''
 
[For '''Ts.''' 370, this and the following chapter on error both serve to "demonstate that the flow of becoming is empty of inherent existence."]
 
_________________________________
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཕུང་མིན་ཕུང་པོ་ལས་གཞན་མིན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ལ་ཕུང་མེད་དེ་དེར་མེད།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་ཕུང་ལྡན་མིན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་གང་ཞིག་ཡིན།།</span><br>
 
1. /[[phung]] [[min]] [[phung po]] [[las gzhan]] [[min]]/<br>
/[[de la]] [[phung]] [[med]] [[de de]]r [[med]]/<br>
/[[de bzhin gshegs pa]] [[phung]] [[ldan min]]/<br>
/[[de bzhin gshegs pa]] [[gang zhig]] [[yin]]//
 
1. Not the aggregates, not other than the aggregates; the aggregates are not in him; he is not in them: the [[Tathagata]] does not possess the aggregates. What is the Tathagata?
 
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<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཕུང་པོ་ལ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།བརྟེན་ནས་རང་བཞིན་ལས་ཡོད་མིན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་ལས་ནི་གང་མེད་པ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་གཞན་དངོས་ལས་ག་ལ་ཡོད།།</span><br>
 
2. /[[gal te]] [[sangs rgyas]] [[phung po]] [[la]]/<br>
/[[brten nas]] [[rang bzhin]] [[las]] [[yod min]]/<br>
/[[rang bzhin]] [[las]] [[ni]] [[gang med pa]]/<br>
/[[de]] [[gzhan dngos]] [[las]] [[ga la yod]]//
 
(Here and below the sanskrit for [[brten pa]] is upadaya (upadana). Only from v. 5 does the Tibetan start using forms of [[nyer len]])
 
2. If the buddha depends on the aggregates, he does not exist from an own-nature. How can that which does not exist from an own-nature exist from an other-nature?
 
_________________________________
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་ཞིག་གཞན་གྱི་དངོས་བརྟེན་ནས།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་བདག་ཉིད་དུ་མི་འཐད་དོ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་ཞིག་བདག་ཉིད་མེད་པ་དེ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཇི་ལྟར་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པར་འགྱུར།།</span><br>
 
3. /[[gang zhig]] [[gzhan]] [[gyi]] [[dngos]] [[brten nas]]/<br>
/[[de]] [[bdag nyid]] [[du]] [[mi 'thad]] [[do]]/<br>
/[[gang zhig]] [[bdag nyid]] [[med pa]] [[de]]/<br>
/[[ji ltar de]] [[bzhin]] [[gshegs pa]]r [['gyur]]//
 
3. It is not tenable for something dependent on other-nature to be self-existent. How can that which has no self-existence be [[tathagata]]?
 
_________________________________
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་རང་བཞིན་ཡོད་མིན་ན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་དངོས་ཡོད་པར་ཇི་ལྟར་འགྱུར།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་དང་ནི་གཞན་དངོས་དག།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།མ་གཏོགས་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་དེ་གང།།</span><br>
 
4. /[[gal te]] [[rang bzhin]] [[yod min]] [[na]]/<br>
/[[gzhan dngos]] [[yod par]] [[ji ltar]] [['gyur]]/<br>
/[[rang bzhin]] [[dang]] [[ni]] [[gzhan dngos]] [[dag]]/<br>
/[[ma gtogs]] [[de bzhin gshegs]] [[de gang]]//
 
[l. a-b cf. 2.c-d]:
 
:<span class=TibUni18>༼།རང་བཞིན་ལས་ནི་གང་མེད་པ།</span><br>
 
:<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་གཞན་དངོས་ལས་ག་ལ་ཡོད།།༽</span><br>
 
:([[rang bzhin]] [[las]] [[ni]] [[gang med pa]]/
:[[de]] [[gzhan dngos]] [[las]] [[ga la yod]]//)
 
4. If self-nature does not exist, how can there be the existence of other-nature? What is a Tathagata apart from own-nature and other-nature?
 
_________________________________
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་ཕུང་པོ་མ་བརྟེན་པར།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་འགའ་ཡོད་ན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་ད་གདོང་རྟེན་འགྱུར་ཞིང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།བརྟེན་ནས་དེ་ནས་འགྱུར་ལ་རག།།</span><br>
 
5. /[[gal te]] [[phung po]] [[ma brten pa]]r/<br>
/[[de bzhin gshegs pa]] [['ga']] [[yod na]]/<br>
/[[de ni]] [[da]] [[gdong]]* [[rten]]** [['gyur zhing]]/<br>
/[[brten nas]] [[de nas]] [['gyur]] [[la]] [[rag]]//
 
['''Lha.''' *[[gdod]], **[[brten]].  '''Ts.''' *[[gzod]], **[[brten]]].
 
5. If there exists a tathagata [who is] not depending on the aggregates, he exists in depending [on them] now and will henceforth depend.
 
_________________________________
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཕུང་པོ་རྣམས་ལ་མ་བརྟེན་པར།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་འགའ་ཡང་མེད།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་ཞིག་མ་བརྟེན་ཡོད་མིན་ན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེས་ནི་ཇི་ལྟར་ཉེར་ལེན་འགྱུར།།</span><br>
 
6. /[[phung po]] [[rnams]] [[la ma]] [[brten pa]]r/<br>
/[[de bzhin gshegs pa]] [['ga' yang med]]/<br>
/[[gang zhig]] [[ma brten]] [[yod min]] [[na]]/<br>
/[[des]] [[ni]] [[ji ltar]] [[nyer len]] [['gyur]]//
 
6. If there does not exist a tathagata [who is] not depending on the aggregates, how does he grasp [depend on? them]?
 
[v. 5 & 6 mirror each other grammatically - (cf. Skt.) l.c of v. 6 is effectively redundant; it serves as metric padding for the conditional [[na]]]
 
_________________________________
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཉེ་བར་བླངས་པ་མ་ཡིན་པ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཉེ་བར་ལེན་པར་ཅིས་མི་འགྱུར།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཉེ་བར་ལེན་པ་མེད་པ་ཡི།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་ཅི་ཡང་མེད།།</span><br>
 
7. /[[nye bar]] [[blangs pa]] [[ma yin pa]]*/<br>
/[[nye bar len pa]]r** [[cis]] [[mi 'gyur]]/<br>
/[[nye bar len pa]] [[med pa]] [[yi]]/<br>
/[[de bzhin gshegs pa]] [[ci yang med]]//
 
['''Ts.''' *[[pas]]; '''Lha.''' **[[pa]]]
 
7. [Since] there is nothing to be grasped / dependent on, there can be no grasping / depending. There is no tathagata at all who is without grasping / depending.
 
_________________________________
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རྣམ་པ་ལྔས་ནི་བཙལ་བྱས་ན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་ཞིག་དེ་ཉིད་གཞན་ཉིད་དུ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།མེད་པའི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་དེ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཉེ་བར་ལེན་པས་ཇི་ལྟར་གདགས།།</span><br>
 
8. /[[rnam pa lnga]]s [[ni]] [[btsal bya]]s [[na]]/<br>
/[[gang zhig]] [[de nyid]] [[gzhan nyid]] [[du]]/<br>
/[[med pa]]'i [[de bzhin gshegs pa]] [[de]]/<br>
/[[nye bar len pa]]s [[ji ltar]] [[gdags]]//
 
8. If having examined in five ways, how can that tathagata who does not exist as that one or the other be [conventionally] understood by grasping / depending?
 
_________________________________
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་ཞིག་ཉེ་བར་བླང་བ་དེ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་རང་བཞིན་ལས་ཡོད་མིན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།བདག་གི་དངོས་ལས་གང་མེད་པ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་གཞན་དངོས་ལས་ཡོད་རེ་སྐན།།</span><br>
 
9. /[[gang zhig]] [[nye bar]] [[blang ba]]* [[de]]/<br>
/[[de ni]] [[rang bzhin]] [[las]] [[yod min]]/<br>
/[[bdag gi]] [[dngos]] [[las]] [[gang med pa]]/<br>
/[[de]] [[gzhan dngos]] [[las]] [[yod re skan]]//
 
['''Lha.''' *[[pa]]]
 
9. That which is grasped / depended on does not exist from its own nature. It is impossible for that which does not exist from its own nature to exist from another nature.
 
_________________________________
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ལྟར་ཉེར་བླང་ཉེར་ལེན་པོ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རྣམ་པ་ཀུན་གྱིས་སྟོང་པ་ཡིན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།སྟོང་པས་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་སྟོང་པ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཇི་ལྟ་བུར་ན་འདོགས་པར་འགྱུར།།</span><br>
 
10. /[[de ltar]] [[nyer]] [[blang]] [[nyer len]] [[po]]/<br>
/[[rnam pa kun]] [[gyis]] [[stong pa]] [[yin]]/<br>
/[[stong pa]]s [[de bzhin gshegs]] [[stong pa\\/<br>
/[[ji lta bur na]] [['dogs pa]]r [['gyur]]//
 
[cf. v. 8; [['dogs]] = prajnapayte ]
 
10. In that way, what is grasped / depended on and what grasps / depends are empty in every aspect. How can an empty tathagata be [conventionally] understood by what is empty?
 
_________________________________
 
<span class=TibUni18>།སྟོང་ངོ་ཞེས་ཀྱང་མི་བརྗོད་དེ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།མི་སྟོང་ཞེས་ཀྱང་མི་བྱ་ཞིང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གཉིས་དང་གཉིས་མིན་མི་བྱ་སྟེ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གདགས་པའི་དོན་དུ་བརྗོད་པར་བྱ།།</span><br>
 
11. /[[stong]] [[ngo]] [[zhes]] [[kyang]] [[mi brjod]] [[de]]/<br>
/[[mi stong]] [[zhes]] [[kyang]] [[mi bya]] [[zhing]]/<br>
/[[gnyis]] [[dang gnyis]] [[min]] [[mi bya]] [[ste]]/<br>
/[[gdags pa]]'i [[don du]] [[brjod par bya]]//
 
11. Do not say "empty," or "not empty," or "both," or "neither:" these are mentioned for the sake of [conventional] understanding.
 
_________________________________
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རྟག་དང་མི་རྟག་ལ་སོགས་བཞི།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཞི་བ་འདི་ལ་ག་ལ་ཡོད།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།མཐའ་དང་མཐའ་མེད་ལ་སོགས་བཞི།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཞི་བ་འདི་ལ་ག་ལ་ཡོད།།</span><br>
 
12. /[[rtag]] [[dang]] [[mi rtag]] [[la sogs]] [[bzhi]]/<br>
/[[zhi ba]] [['di la]] [[ga la yod]]/<br>
/[[mtha']] [[dang]] [[mtha' med]] [[la sogs]] [[bzhi]]/<br>
/[[zhi ba]] [['di la]] [[ga la yod]]//
 
12. Where can the four such as permanence and impermanence exist in this peaceful one? Where can the four such as end and no-end [of the world] exist in this peaceful one?
 
_________________________________
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་གིས་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་ཡོད་ཅེས།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།འཛིན་པ་སྟུག་པོ་བཟུང་གྱུར་པ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་མྱ་ངན་འདས་པ་ལ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།མེད་ཅེས་རྣམ་རྟོག་རྟོག་པར་བྱེད།།</span><br>
 
13. /[[gang gis]] [[de bzhin gshegs]] [[yod]] [[ces]]/<br>
/[['dzin pa]] [[stug po]]* [[bzung]] [[gyur pa]]/<br>
/[[de ni]] [[mya ngan 'das pa]] [[la]]/<br>
/[[med]] [[ces]] [[rnam rtog]] [[rtog par byed]]//
 
['''Lha.''' *[[pos]]; '''Ts.''' *[[po]]]
 
13. Those who hold the dense apprehension, "the tathagata exists" conceive the thought, "he does not exist in nirvana."
 
['''Ts.''' 378-9 says that while this version is found in Chandrakirti's Prasannapada, he prefers the version quoted by [[Buddhapalita]]:
 
:<span class=TibUni18>།གང་གིས་འཛིན་སྟུག་པོ་བཟུང་གྱུར་པ།</span><br>
 
:<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་མྱ་ངན་འདས་པ་ལ།</span><br>
 
:<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་ཡོད་ཅེའམ།</span><br>
 
:<span class=TibUni18>།མེད་ཅེས་རྣམ་ཏོག་རྟོག་པར་བྱེད།།</span><br>
 
:/[[gang gis]] [['dzin]] [[stug po]] [[bzung]] [[gyur pa]]/<br>
:/[[de ni]] [[mya ngan 'das pa]] [[la]]/<br>
:/[[de bzhin gshegs pa]] [[yod]] [[ce]][['am]]/<br>
:/[[med]] [[ces]] [[rnam]] [[tog]] [[rtog par byed]]//
 
''("Those who hold dense apprehensions conceive thoughts of the tathagata's "existence" or "non-existence" in nirvana.")''
 
_________________________________
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་ནི་སྟོང་དེ་ལ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།སངས་རྒྱས་མྱ་ངན་འདས་ནས་ནི།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཡོད་དོ་ཞེའམ་མེད་དོ་ཞེས།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།བསམ་པ་འཐད་པ་ཉིད་མི་འགྱུར།།</span><br>
 
14. /[[rang bzhin gyis]] [[ni]] [[stong]] [[de la]]/<br>
/[[sangs rgyas]] [[mya ngan 'das]] [[nas]] [[ni]]/<br>
/[[yod]] [[do]] [[zhe'am]] [[med]] [[do]] [[zhes]]/<br>
/[[bsam pa]]* [['thad pa]] [[nyid]] [[mi 'gyur]]//
 
['''Lha.''' *[[pa]][['ang]]]
 
14. For that one empty of own-nature, it is entirely inappropriate to think that once the buddha has nirvana-ed he either "exists" or "does not exist."
 
_________________________________
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་དག་སངས་རྒྱས་སྤྲོས་འདས་ཤིང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཟད་པ་མེད་ལ་སྤྲོས་བྱེད་པ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།སྤྲོས་པས་ཉམས་པ་དེ་ཀུན་གྱིས།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་མཐོང་མི་འགྱུར།།</span><br>
 
15. /[[gang dag]] [[sangs rgyas]] [[spros]] [['das]] [[shing]]/<br>
/[[zad pa]] [[med la]] [[spros]] [[byed pa]]/<br>
/[[spros pa]]s [[nyams pa]] [[de kun]] [[gyis]]/<br>
/[[de bzhin gshegs pa]] [[mthong]] [[mi 'gyur]]//
 
['''K.''' 310. [[zad pa med pa]] = avyaya = non-variable / steadfast]
 
15. Those who make fixations about Buddha who is beyond fixations and without deterioration -- all those who are damaged by fixations do not see the tathagata.
 
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<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་རང་བཞིན་གང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་འགྲོ་འདིའི་རང་བཞིན་ཡིན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་རང་བཞིན་མེད།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།འགྲོ་བ་འདི་ཡི་རང་བཞིན་མེད།།</span><br>
 
16. /[[de bzhin gshegs pa'i]] [[rang bzhin]] [[gang]]/<br>
/[[de ni]] [['gro]] [['di]][['i]] [[rang bzhin]] [[yin]]/<br>
/[[de bzhin gshegs pa]] [[rang bzhin med]]/<br>
/[['gro ba]] [['di]] [[yi rang]] [[bzhin]] [[med]]//
 
16. Whatever is the own-nature of the tathagata, that is the own-nature of this world. The tathagata has no own-nature. This world has no own-nature.
 
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<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་བརྟག་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་སྟེ་རབ་ཏུ་བྱེད་པ་ཉི་ཤུ་གཉིས་པའོ།།</span><br>
 
/[[de bzhin gshegs pa]] [[brtag pa]] [[zhes bya ba]] [[ste]] [[rab tu byed pa]] [[nyi shu]] [[gnyis pa]][['o]]//
 
[[Category:I]] [[Category:Teachings]] [[Category:Key Terms]]

Latest revision as of 14:33, 21 September 2009

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