dan rog

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དན་རོག
fruit of med. tree Croton euphorbia [IW]

medicinal fruit of croton euphorbia [JV]

fruit of med. tree croton euphorbia [among tha three kinds of dan da white, black, and variegated, the black. hot, bitter, and sweet, heating, by its power diseases of non- digestion are purged downward] [IW]

(sman) Purging euphorbs
Synonyms : e randa, dza yi pha la, gandharbha ba hasta, dri za'i lag pa (Shel gong), dan+da khra bo (Wangyal 2020)
Sanskrit : eraṇḍa, dravantī (Dash 1989), jepāla, dantībīja (Pandanus), gandharvahasta (wisdomlib.org)

dan rog shri' kha ndas drag por sbyong / zhes pa'i dan da ni/ slo dpon dpa' bos/ e randa mar tshe zhing kha/ zhu rjes mngar lci 'khru pa yin/ zhes dang / ro skor las/ danda snyoms la rno ba yin/ [201] zhes dang / rang byung pas/ dan rog sbyong byed gsod byed mchog/ ces gsungs par ming / e randa zer/ 'di la rigs gsum ste/ dan rog dang / dan khra dang / rus sbal ma'o/ dan rog ni/ 'khrung dper/ dan rog drod kyi yul du skye/ rtsa ba spom la shin tu reng/ lo ma che la la cung zad rtsub/ sdong po sbubs can tshigs pa can/ rang gi nus pas bad kan dang/ 'dus pa'i nad rnams skyugs bshal byed/ ces dbyibs ha lam lo sdong skye lugs lcum 'dra la kha dog ljang gu 'ga' rer dmar shas tshe ba/ tshigs thug lcum sdong las thung ba/ lo ma'i rkang dang sdong po gnyis ka khong stong la/ sa gzhi nas rtse mo byung che ba/ dgu 'am lngar gyes pa che ba/ lcum la tsam nas chung ba/ lcam pa'i lo ma tsam par ci rigs skye ba/ me tog dkar po rtse mor ga bu za ram brtsegs tsher mas gang bar skye/ gang bu rus sbal sum sgrom kha sprod kyi rnam par yod ba'i nang du 'bras bu nag chung shin tu 'jam pa byung na de la dza yi pha la zhes mchog go/ dan khra ni/ gandharbha ba hasta/ dri za'i lag pa zer/ 'khrung dper/ damda khra bo zhes bya ba/ srib ri nags kyi nang du skye/ lo ma chung zad rtsub pa yin/ sdong po ring la 'khri zhing skye/ gang bu gong dang 'dra ba'i nang / zhes bzhin 'bras bu sbur bu ske bcad pa 'dra ba khra bo 'byung ngo / rus sbal ba ni/ mon skyes snga ma las che la rtsub pa sbal pa'i dbyibs can de ngan pa'o/ (Shel gong shel phreng, pdf p 200.6)

Illustrations : 'Phrin Las 1987 (27_075) dan khra (27_076) dan rog mchog (27_077) dan rog dman pa. 'Jam-dpal (print p 092) dan rog, dan khra, rus sbal ma. Dawa (1999)

dan rog
1. Croton tiglium L. (Euphorbiaceae) Purging croton (Wangyal 2020)
2. Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae) Castor Bean (Dawa 1999)
2. Baliospermum solanifolium (Burm.) Suresh (Euphorbiaceae) Wild castor, wild croton (Molvray 1988 Dh). Sanskrit : dantī (Dash 1989).
3. Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) (Wangchuk 2011 Bhutan). Plant originates from Brazil.

According to the Shelgong, dan da/dan rog has 3 types : dan rog, dan khra and rus sbal ba.
The description for dan rog contains elements of 2 plants : the plant morphology is of Ricinus communis, but not the seeds ('small, black and extremely smooth'). The latter, also called dza yi pha la or superior dan rog, corresponds to Croton tiglium. Both plants are corroborated by their Indian synonyms, eraṇḍa for Ricinus communis and jepāla/jayapāla for Croton tiglium.
gandharvahasta, synonym for dan khra, is another name for eraṇḍa, Ricinus communis.
rus sbal ma, the third type, seems to be another euphorb from the Southern Himalayas.

Dawa (1999) considers dan khra, rus sbal ma and eranda as synonyms for dan rog, Ricinus communis :
'the shape and growth pattern of leaf and stem of Dan-rog is almost similar to that of lCum-rtsa (Rheum palmatum) but the stem of Dan-rog is comparatively shorter than that of lCum. The stem and petiole both are hollow. The leaves vary a lot in size; the smallest is as small as a lCam-pa (Malva sp.) leaf and the biggest is as big as a lCum (Rheum palmatum) leaf. Leaves have 5 to 9 large lobes and the terminal leaves are relatively larger. The flowers are white and the thorny capsule grows in piles at the terminal. Each capsule appears like three tortoises facing each other. Those which enclose small, black and extremely smooth seed is considered superior and named Dza-yi-phala.' (Dawa 1999)
Johannes Schmidt (talk) 12:37, 15 March 2024 (EDT)