spang rgyan

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སྤང་རྒྱན
autumnal flower that grows along with grass [JV]

1) spang rgyan flower; 2) med herb [IW]

(med) Gentians

spang rgyan dkar pos dug dang gre nad sel / dpag bsam ljon par / spang rgyan dkar pos dug nad sel / tsha ba'i nad rigs thams cad dang / lhag par gre ba tsha 'gags sel / dang / rang byung pas / spang rgyan dkar pos glo tshad sel / sngon po de dang phyogs mthun bsil / dang / lcags phreng las / spang rgyan dkar po bsil la bska bas tshad nad thams cad sel / rang gi nus pas dug dang gre bar phan / gsungs / 'di la rigs gsum / dkar sngon nag gsum mo / dkar po 'di la ming / ta pa ni / utpal dkar po zer / 'khrungs dper / spang rgyan dkar po spang las skye / lo ma chung la me tog rgyas / ro ni kha la tshad rims sel / zhes gsungs / 'di la mthon po'i khar ston rting sa 'khyags kha skye la / lo ma kyi lce 'dra la sdong bu med par sa nas me tog dkar la dmar mdangs rgyas pa che bzhi lnga tsam rting pa 'brel nas skye ba'o / sngon po ni / rang byung pas / sngon po dkar por phyogs mthun bsil / gsungs pa / ston mgos nas skye la na spang rlan shas can las skye ba dbyibs snga ma 'dra la chung la sngo skye kha dog shin tu gsal ba'o / nag po ni / dpag bsam ljon shing las / spang rgyan nag pos 'brum pa zhi / gsungs la / man ngag 'ga' zhig tu / 'brum nag sman la bzang bar bshad pa / ston gzhung dus skye ba tshul snga ma ji lta ba las kha dog mthing ga shin tu gsal ba [318] sngon po las chung che ba'o / 'di gsum sngo'i lha mo spun gsum de spang gi bu mo spun gsum du sprul nas / sos ka sa la drod rta nga tsam brgyus pa nas sman rnams kyi sna khrid de dpyid gsum la g.yar mo thang pa sga tig ko tha gsum du 'khrungs / 'di gsum 'khrungs nas sman rigs thams cad mi skye rang dbang med / ston kha sa'i drod shor nas sman rnams kyi mjug sdud pa la spang rgyan spun gsum du 'khrungs te / chung 'bring che gsum ston zla gsum la 'char / 'di gsum shar nas sman rigs thams cad mi 'gro rang dbang med ces pa sogs rgya cher sman gyi mngon rtogs las bshad do // (Shel gong shel phreng, pdf p 317.2)
spang rgyan ni / udpal dkar po zer bar rigs gsum yod pa'i / dkar po mchog yin te mthon pa'i kha spang du ston rting sa 'khyags khar skye ba / lo ma kyi lce 'dra ljang chung zhing sdong po med par sa nas me tog dkar po dmar mdangs rgyas pa che ba bzhi lnga tsam rting ba 'brel nas skye ba'o // sngon po ni ston mgos nas skyel na spang rlan shas sar skye / dbyibs snga ma 'dra la chung zhing kha dog sngo skya gsal ba ste / rang byung rdo rjes de'i nus pa dkar po'i phyogs mthun par gsungs / nag po ni ljon shing las / spang rgyan nag pos 'bru ma bzhi / zhes pa ston gzhung dus skye tshul sngon po 'dra la cung zad che / mdog mthing kha shin tu gsal ba rnams shel phreng nas byung ba'o // lcags phreng las / spang rgyan dkar po bsil [?] bas tshad nad [?] sel / spang rgyan dkar pos glo tshad sel // zhes pas gre nad dug tshad sel // (mDzes mtshar mig rgyan, print p 177)

spang rgyan dkar po
Synonyms : ta pa ni, utpal dkar po (Shel gong)
Illustrations : Dawa 1999. 'Phrin Las 1987 (28_027) spang rgyan dkar po / spang rgyan dkar pos rigs rtogs. 'Jam-dpal (print p 177) spang rgyan dkar po, nag po, sngon po
1. Gentiana nubigena Edgew. (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Wangyal 2020)
2. Gentiana szechenyii Kanitz (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Wangyal 2020)
3. Gentiana algida Pall. (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Wangyal 2020)
4. Gentiana handeliana subsp. erectosepala (T.N.Ho) Halda (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Wangyal 2020)
5. Chrysanthemum arcticum L. (Asteraceae) (Molvray 1988 P). Cited from northern sources.
“spang rgyan dkar po grows in the alpine cold region. The leaves are like kyi lce dkar po with no stem. Four or five white flowers are clustered with red luster” (Chi 2021)
Of the 3 types spang rgyan, the white type is the best (Dawa 1999)

spang rgyan sngon po
Illustrations : Dawa 1999. 'Phrin Las 1987 (28_028) spang rgyan sngon po
1. Gentiana lawrencei Burkill (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Wangyal 2020)
2. Gentiana stipitata Edgew. (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Wangyal 2020). Reported name spang rgyan sngon po 'bring ba.
3. Gentiana lhassica Burkill (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Wangyal 2020). Reported name spang rgyan sngo chung. Synonym : sngo de ba (Chi 2010)
4. Gentiana triflora Pall. (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Molvray 1988 D)
5. Gentiana decumbens L.f. (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Molvray 1988 G,T). Reported name sngo de ba. Cited from northern sources.
“spang rgyan sngon po grows on very wet marsh grassy flats with small leaves and pale blue flowers. The function is consistent with spang rgyan dkar po” (Chi 2021)

spang rgyan nag po
Illustrations : Dawa 1999
Synonyms : ta pa ni, kun du gas, kyab 'jug ngon, ston gyi me tog, ba lan zas, gzhan gyis mi thub, gzhan las rgyal, ri bo'i rna rgyan, spang rgyan g.yu lo (Dawa 1999)
1. Gentiana veitchiorum Hemsl. (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Wangyal 2020)
2. Gentiana obconica T.N.Ho (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Wangyal 2020)
“the flowers of spang rgyan nag po are dark blue, very conspicuous, and slightly bolder than the spang rgyan sngon po” (Chi 2021)

spang rgyan (without specification)
1. Gentiana sino-ornata Balf.f. (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Chi 2021)
2. Gentiana altorum Harry Sm. ex C.Marquand (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Chi 2021)
3. Gentiana arethusa Burkill var. delicatula (C.Marquand) Halda (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Chi 2021)
4. Gentiana atuntsiensis W.W.Sm. (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Chi 2021)
5. Gentiana filistyla Balf.f & Forrest (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Chi 2021)
6. Gentiana futtereri Diels & Gilg (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Chi 2021)
7. Gentiana ornata (G.Don) Wall. ex Griseb. (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Chi 2021)
8. Gentiana yunnanensis Franch. (Gentianaceae) Gentians (Chi 2021)
9. Gentiana acaulis L. (Gentianaceae) Stemless gentian, Trumpet gentian (Chi 2021)
10. Gentiana argentea (Royle ex D .Don) Royle. ex D.Don (Gentianaceae) Gentians ('Phrin Las)

"During the 3 months of spring when soil begins to warm, the 3 sister goddess of herbs manifest themselves as 3 sisters of meadow leading the medicinal herbs. They grow as g.yar mo thang pa, sga tig and ke tha and mark the beginning of the growing season of herbs. When these grow, all the medicinal herbs are compelled to grow with no choice. During autumn, when the soil looses it's warmth, the 3 sister goddess of herbs grow as 3 sisters of spang rgyan with 3 different sizes : 1. small sized dkar (white), 2. medium sized sngo (blue) and 3. big sized nag (black). This marks the end of the growing season of medicinal herbs. When these sisters grow, all the medicinal herbs are compelled to return with no choice" (Dawa 1999)
The important genus Gentiana is mainly found in 3 succesif groups : gang ga chung , kyi lce and spang rgyan as well as tig ta and several individual names. A recent study identifies some 80 species of the Gentianeae tribe for spang rgyan, kyi lce, tig ta and gang ga chung (Chi 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112383)
Johannes Schmidt (talk) 12:09, 1 April 2024 (EDT)