brag zhun

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བྲག་ཞུན
bitumen which is the essence of earth, fossil pitch, bitumen, effusion of which there are five varieties derived from gold, silver, copper, iron and lead [JV]

rtsi med. [among which are [gser dngul zangs lcags zha nye. gter dngos yod pa'i brag nas zhun 'bab pa ltar, 'dzags pa'i rdzas shig, bittersweet, body heat neutral, clearing away pho tshad, mchin tshad, mkhal tshad, and rgyu tshad, good for bad kan smug po, dreg nad, mig nad, curing impaired strength syn: khams lnga'i bcud sman dang, khrag dar ya kan, khrag 'dra, mchin mkhris nad sel, mchin pa'i rtsi, brag gi khrag brag gi rakta, brag gi bdud rtsi, brag gi ru rdi ra, brag dar ya kan, rin chen bcud, shi la dza tur, sa steng nad 'joms, srid pa'i khams dmar, srid pa'i byang sems dmar po, aa ga ya, aa bb] [IW]

rtsi med. * pitch, bitumen [IW]

(med) Today known under it's ayurvedic name 'shilajit'. Very frequently used in tibetan, indian and chinese medicine.

Synonyms : brag zhun khan dra, srid pa'i byang sems dmar po (Phrin Las 1987 : 'Iron bitumen, a substitute for menstrual blood')

Traditionally classified into different types according to the predominant metal ore found in the mountain of it's origin : redish gold-shilajit (gser zhun), whitish silver-shilajit (dngul zhun), bluish copper-shilajit (zangs zhun) and blackish iron-shilajit (lcag zhun). The last is the most commonly found.

Shilajit is a rock-exsudate from steep, sunny mountain cliff cavities and crags at an altitude of 2000-4000 m. It's a tar-like substance with a balsamic odour, of yellowish to black color. Known since Aristote as Mumijo and later as Asphaltum punjabinum, but disappeared from the western pharmacopeas. It is rich in organic carbon and composed of appr. 20% minerals, 15% proteins, 5 % lipids, 5 % steroids, and the rest are carbohydrates, alkaloids and amino acids. It's origin is discussed between rock source or biological source, probably of ancient organic matter source which exsudes from rocklayers as a result of geological activity. (Drungtso 1999, Phrin Las 1987, Rong Ding 2020, Wilson n.d., Yeshi 2018) Johannes Schmidt (talk) 17:31, 16 November 2021 (UTC)