gi wang

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གི་ཝང
yellow pigment, anthelminthic medicine, concretion in the entrails of some animals used for medicine, bear's bile used as medicine, medicinal concretion from the brains of elephant [JV]

1) in humans &, elephant, large cattle [sgo phyugs] etc. because of disease stone-like and, earth and rock like solidified bile medicine [= glang chen mkhris pa, glang chen rtsi, dud 'gro'i me, sa gas, sing ka la] two ba lang gi bcud a rtsi med., bitter, astringent, cooling, by its power clearing away dug nad &, rims tshad, mchin tshad, snod tshad etc. sel solidified elephant bile] [IW]

solidified elephant bile [RY]

(med) Bezoar (Drungtso 1999). Synonyms : go ro tsa na, sing ka la, glang chen mkhris pa, glang chen rtsi, dud 'gro'i me, sa gas (Shel gong). Skt.: gōrōcana (wisdomlib.org)
gi wang rims dug mchin nad snod tshad sel / zhes par ming / go ro tsa na / sing ka la / glang chen mkhris pa / glang chen rtsi / dud 'gro'i me / sa gas zhes zer / ngo bo ni / glang po che'i mchin mkhris las byung ba ste / 'di la mchog dman gnyis yong ba'i mchog ni / glang chen shi ba'i mchin mkhris las blangs pa dmar ser smug la snum mdangs chags pa / mkhregs pa bcag 'phyor dmar ser rim pa dod pa / phyi la lcags rtsi chags pa dri ro bzang la mkhris ro cung zad yod pa / sman gzhan dang sbyar tshe nyung dus kyang yun du 'dul bas kha dog ser por bsgyur ba / ji ltar 'dul bzhin ze zer ser ba / zos tshe so mi seg pa de ni slad med pas bzang ngo / cung zad de las dman pa ni snga ma las ser la 'bol ba'o / lar glang po cher char gar ma mang du blud pas mchin mkhris rgyas nas / kha rlangs dang kha chu dri chu sogs la gi wang gi rgyun 'bab pas zhag re'i kha rlangs yang sa steng du phung por chags 'dug par bshad pas de la sa ma 'dres pa snga ma dang 'dra ba'i nus pa yod la / rje punda ri kas / myos byed kyis rbad mgrin pa nas zag pa'i gi wang dri bzang bung ba'i gter 'dzin pa / zhes pas / dri ro mchog tu bzang la ser shas che ba'o / de la sa 'dres pa dang / bsres pa / gzhan bzo ma ril bur dri la nas phyi nang mang po bkon bu byas ste / slad can rnams ni mig dang khas brtags pas shes par 'gyur ro / rnga sbun nang [161] ra lug gcan gzan las byung ba dman no / sems can mtshan mo 'khun sgra 'byin pa dang / khyad par ba glang mdzo tol sogs mig dmar ser mtshan mo 'khun pa las yong gsungs ba bzhin nges par 'byung ba mthong ngo // (Shel gong shel phreng, pdf p 160.1)

Illustrations : 'Phrin Las (26_029) glang chen ghi wang (26_030) ba glang gi g+hi wang (26_031) phag ghi wang (34_003) gi wang (34_025) gi wang

Drungtso (1999) distinguishes gi wang, bezoar, and gi wam, elephant's or ox's gallstones. A bezoar is a compact mass or concretion of indigestable organic or inorganic material found in the gastrointestinal system. The concretions may develop into enteroliths. The term has both a modern (pathological, scientific) and traditional usage. Food boluses (or boli) have the archaic and positive meaning of bezoar. The word is derived from the Persian pād-zahr, "antidote", and remained popular in Europe until the 18th century. It was believed that a drinking glass which contained a bezoar could neutralize any poison. Modern examinations show that when bezoars are immersed in an arsenic-laced solution, they can remove the poison (the toxic compounds in arsenic are arsenate and arsenite; each is acted upon differently by the bezoars: arsenate is removed by being exchanged for phosphate in brushite found in the stones, while arsenite is bound to sulfur compounds in the protein of degraded hair, which is a key component in bezoars (wikipedia). gi wang (bezoar) is depicted in the thangka images as rather amorphous masses, whereas dbang ril (calculi) are depicted as round stones.
The narratives around dbang ril, gi wang and even mu tig overlap, as do the modern explanations about their formation.
The indian term gorocanā refers to a bright yellow pigment prepared from the urine or bile of a cow, or found in the head of a cow, but also to bezoar (wisdomlib.org). Gorochana of the finest quality is supposedly obtained from the brain or forehead of an elephant, and the second best quality is obtained from the stomach of a cow. Resembling the yellow yolk of a boiled egg, the yellow pigment obtained from a Gorochana is used as a tonic, sedative or tilaka to the forehead (wikipedia). See also Indian Yellow, obtained from urine of cows fed with mango leaves, on wikipedia.
Johannes Schmidt (talk) 09:16, 25 February 2024 (EST)