ngag gi dbang phyug grags pa

four verbal [unvirtuous] actions shes bzhin mi bden pa'i rdzun smra ba, pha rol mthun pa dbye ba'i tshig smra ba phra ma, gzhan gyi snying la mi 'thad pa'i tshig ngan pa smra ba tshig rtsub, de gsum min pa'i tshig gang zhig nyon mongs pas kun nas bslang te brjod pa ngag kyal ba [Lying] is to utter a falsehood, knowing it to be untrue. Divisive speech is to utter words which separate others who are in harmony. Harsh words is to utter evil words that hurt the heart of another. Gossip is to utter words different from the three above, that are nonetheless motivated by the disturbing emotions. [RY]