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neg. + ka med has same force as "neg. + vb. + rang + vb." used in colloquial Tibetan to indicate that something must be done, said, or whatever, against the actor's own personal wishes, that is, the situation is choiceless. E.g., khos las ka ma byed rang byed kyi 'dug, "He must work [even though he does not want to]." For an example of the "ka med" construction see "khas mi len ka med."

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