sbyangs pa'i yon tan

sbyangs pa'i yon tan

An optional set of practices that monastics can adopt in order to cultivate greater detachment. The list of practices varies in different sources. When thirteen practices are listed, they consist of 1) wearing patched robes made from discarded cloth rather than from cloth donated by laypeople; 2) wearing only three robes; 3) going for alms; 4) not omitting any house while on the alms round, rather than begging only at those houses known to provide good food; 5) eating only what can be eaten in one sitting; 6) eating only food received in the alms bowl, rather than more elaborate meals presented to the Saṅgha; 7) refusing more food after indicating one has eaten enough; 8) dwelling in the forest; 9) dwelling at the root of a tree; 10) dwelling in the open air, using only a tent made from one's robes as shelter; 11) dwelling in a charnel ground; 12) satisfaction with whatever dwelling one has; and 13) sleeping in a sitting position without ever lying down.

Ascetic practices that are optional for monks and nuns or undertaken only for a defined time period. They are traditionally listed as being twelve in number: (1) wearing rags (pāṃśukūlika, {phyag dar khrod pa}), (2) (in the form of only) three religious robes (traicīvarika, {chos gos gsum}), (3) (coarse in texture as) garments of felt (nāma[n]tika, {'phyings pa pa}), (4) eating by alms (paiṇḍapātika, {bsod snyoms pa}), (5) having a single mat to sit on (aikāsanika, {stan gcig pa}), (6) not eating after noon (khalu paścād bhaktika, {zas phyis mi len pa}), (7) living alone in the forest (āraṇyaka, {dgon pa pa}), (8) living at the base of a tree (vṛkṣamūlika, {shing drungs pa}), (9) living in the open (ābhyavakāśika, {bla gab med pa}), (10) frequenting cemeteries (śmāśānika, {dur khrod pa}), (11) sleeping sitting up (naiṣadika, {cog bu pa}), and (12) accepting whatever seating position is offered (yāthāsaṃstarika, {gzhi ji bzhin pa}); this last of the twelve is sometimes interpreted as not omitting any house on the almsround, i.e. regardless of any reception expected. Mahāvyutpatti, 1127-39.

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