1127

ngo bo dang khyad bar du kun btags pas stong pa'i stong pa nyid

emptiness of factors imputed in the manner of entity and attribute; Comment: This is one of two subtle emptinesses are set forth in Mind-Only literature. "The emptiness of factors imputed in the manner of entity and attribute" is described as an object's absence of being established by way of its own character as a referent of a term verbalizing it or of a conceptual consciousness apprehending it (rang zhes rjod pa'i sgra jug pa'i jug gzhir rang gi mtshan nyid kyis ma grub pa; rang 'dzin rtog pa'i zhen gzhir rang gi mtshan nyid kyis ma grub pa). These refer to, for instance, a table's not being established by way of its own mode of subsistence (rang gi gnas tshod kyi dbang gis ma grub pa) as the basis or referent (1) of the spoken terminology "table" and (2) of thoughts of table. Although a table is indeed the referent of the thought, "This is a table," or of the spoken word, "This is a table," it is not so established by way of its own character or by way of its own mode of subsistence. The absence of this status is called the "emptiness of a factor imputed in the manner of an entity." Similarly, although the table is indeed the referent of the thought, "This table is beautiful," or of the spoken word, "This table is beautiful," it is not so established by way of its own character or by way of its own mode of subsistence. The absence of this status is called the "the emptiness of a factor imputed in the manner of an attribute." Since factors imputed in the manner of entity and attribute do indeed exist, it is their being established by way of their own character that is refuted. The general term "empty of imputed factors" (kun btags kyis stong pa, parikalpitazUnya) without the qualification "in the manner of entity and attribute" can be used more widely to include the emptiness of any type of fictional imputation, including that of externality. See also "emptiness of external objects" (phyi rol don gyis stong pa).

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