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Mipham Rinpoche: [[shan pa sogs sdig byed kyi rigs su skyes shing rang gis kyang las 'dis bdag ji srid 'tsho bar bya'o snyam pa las sdom sems med pa dag bya ba de la dang por zhugs pa tsam gyis thob, gzhan de 'dra'i rigs su skyes pa min kyang, rngon sogs bya'o snyam du khas blang ba las thob ]] The negative vow is obtained at the first instance he engages in that action when someone born into a family of evil-doers, such as butchers, thinks: "I will sustain myself through this activity for as long as I live!" and does not possess the attitude of a [positive] vow. In other cases, even without being born into such a family, [a negative vow] is obtained by taking a pledge such as: "I will go hunting!"

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