na le sham
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ན་ལེ་ཤམ
1) pepper; 2) pearl [RY]
pearl, pepper, tree mesua roxburghii pearl [JV]
pearl, black pepper, Mesua roxburghii small tree with fragrant flowers, [IW]
pearl, pepper, Mesua roxburghii small tree with fragrant flowers, [= drod sman, pho ba ris [IW]
(sman) Black pepper
Synonyms : a ba ku tsa, a ba lku dza, shi ku ma ni, ha re nu, ma ri' tse, sau banyadza na, na le sham, pho ba ris, pho tshe, drod sman hra li mo (Shel gong), pho ba ris ('Phrin Las 1987, Wangyal 2020), pho ril (Molvray 1988), pho ba ris nag po (Wangchuk 2011), na li sham (Molvray 1988)
Sanskrit : marica (Dash 1989, Wojtilla 2002), maricam (Pandanus)
na le sham gyis bad kan grang ba sel/ zhes pa la/ slob dpon dpa' bos/ na le sham ni mkhris skyed rno/ rtsub cing drod skyed yi ga 'byed/ ro dang zhu rjes dag kyang tsha/ bad kan 'joms shing yang ba yin/ zhes dang / lcags phreng las/ na le sham ni dro la rtsub [196] ste grang ba sel/ rgyun du mang bsten rlung skyed zer/ zhes dang / bdud rtsi thigs par/ na le sham ni mkhris skyed rtsub cing rno/ drod skyed ro dang zhu rjes gnyis ka tsha/ yang zhing bad kan 'joms pas yi ga 'byed/ ces dang / rje rang byung rdo rjes/ grang nad kun 'joms na le sham/ zhes gsungs/ ming ni/ a ba ku tsa/ a ba lku dza/ shi ku ma ni/ ha re nu/ ma ri' tse/ sau banyadza na/ na le sham/ pho ba ris/ pho tshe/ drod sman hra li mo rnams zer/ 'di la rigs dkar nag gnyis yod de/ nag po pho kha ris yod pa ro shin tu tsha ba bzang / dkar po de las ro 'jam la ri mo med pa kha sbyor gyi dbyibs can dman pa yin/ de la sba tsha ni sau banyadza zer/ 'ga' zhig ri mo yod pa pho ba ris/ ri mo med pa na le sham/ zhes kyang zer/ nag po drod che tsha la rtsub/ dkar po de las 'jam pas skabs spyar gtong / 'dra yig las/ pho ris sran ma btsos skams 'dra/ na le sham ni bra ril 'dra/ zhes gsungs // (Shel gong shel phreng, pdf p 195.5)
pho ba ri ni/ na le sham/ shi kru/ drod sman hril mo zer/ lo sdong ljang la yal kha phra ba'i 'bru ste ro shin tu tsha ba ri mo yod pa mdog nag po bzang / ro 'jam ri mo med pa kha sbyor gyi dbyibs can ser skya dman/ nag po ri mo yod pa pho ba ri dang dkar po ri mo med pa shi kru 'am na le sham ste/ de yang da lta rgya nag gi lho phyogs gling shi'n lu'i zhes pa nas 'ong ba shin tu dkar la tsha stobs lhag pa zhig 'dug/ dpa' bos/ na le sham ni mkhris skyed rno// rtsub cing drod skyed yi ga 'byed/ ro dang zhu rjes dag kyang tsha// bad kan 'joms shing yang ba yin// zhes dang lcags 'phreng las/ na le sham ni dro la rtsub ste grang ba sel// zhes pas bad grang sel// (mDzes mtshar mig rgyan, print p 088)
Illustrations : Dawa 2009. 'Phrin Las 1987 (26_076) na le sham dkar nag gnyis (35_003) pho ba ris. 'Jam-dpal (print p 088) na li sham, dkar po mchog, pho ba ri
1. Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae) Black pepper (Wangyal 2020)
2. Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) Ben oil tree, Moringa (Molvray 1988 Dh)
Black pepper is produced from the green, unripe drupe of the pepper plant. During drying the skin darkens and shrinks into a wrinkled hull. White pepper is produced from ripe drupes from which the skin is removed. This removes also certain flavour compounds present in the skin.
Although the 2 types of na le sham nag po and dkar po / pho ba ris are commonly identified with Piper nigrum, the given Indian synonyms can give rise to different identifications :
Maricam is the sanskrit name for Piper nigrum.
Harenu is identified with Vitex agnus-castus or Monk's pepper.
Śigru and śobhāñjana as well as śveta marica are the sanskrit names for Moringa oleifera, a tree with oil seeds, widely cultivated for it's edible and medicinal uses.
Johannes Schmidt (talk) 03:28, 11 March 2024 (EDT)