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- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/829 + (Comment: In the Mind-Only system, this is given as the reason why the thoroughly established nature is called the "ultimate-non-nature" (don dam pa ngo bo nyid med pa, paramArthaniHsvabhAvatA).)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/542 + (Comment: In the PAli canon: ATThakavagga, the thirteenth sutta of the MahAviyuhasutta in the fourth section of the Sutta NipAta.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/850 + (Comment: In the SUtra School Following Rea … Comment: In the SUtra School Following Reasoning the following are equivalent: conventional truth (kun rdzob bden pa); permanent phenomenon (rtag pa); generally characterized phenomenon (spyi mtshan); phenomenon which is not a [functioning] thing (dngos med kyi chos); uncompounded phenomenon ('dus ma byas kyi chos); unproduced phenomenon (ma byas pa'i chos).unproduced phenomenon (ma byas pa'i chos).)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/853 + (Comment: In the SUtra School Following Rea … Comment: In the SUtra School Following Reasoning the following are equivalent: conventional truth (kun rdzob bden pa); permanent phenomenon (rtag pa); generally characterized phenomenon (spyi mtshan); phenomenon which is not a [functioning] thing (dngos med kyi chos); uncompounded phenomenon ('dus ma byas kyi chos); unproduced phenomenon (ma byas pa'i chos).unproduced phenomenon (ma byas pa'i chos).)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/506 + (Comment: In the SUtra School and above, il … Comment: In the SUtra School and above, illustrations of phenomena which are non-things, that is to say, which exist but do not perform the function of creating effects, are object of knowledge (shes bya); the two, permanent and functioning thing (rtag dngos gnyis); uncompounded space ('dus ma byas kyi nam mkha').ounded space ('dus ma byas kyi nam mkha').)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1014 + (Comment: In the Tibetan medical system, on … Comment: In the Tibetan medical system, one of the three primary elements promoting health, when balanced, and disease, when imbalanced--the other two being wind (rlung) and phlegm (bad kan). The three are called the three problematics (nyes pa, doza), often mistranslated as "humours," which are necessarily fluids whereas wind is not a fluid.sarily fluids whereas wind is not a fluid.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1527 + (Comment: In the division into four, the fi … Comment: In the division into four, the first refers to the mind-generations of the paths of accumulation (tshogs lam) and preparation (sbyor lam), the second to the mind-generations of the first seven grounds of Bodhisattva Superiors, the third to the mind-generations of the eighth, ninth, and tenth grounds of Bodhisattva Superiors, and the fourth to the mind-generations of Buddhas.fourth to the mind-generations of Buddhas.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1009 + (Comment: Jam-y#ang-shay-b#a holds that "na … Comment: Jam-y#ang-shay-b#a holds that "name" (ming) in this the Mind-Only context means a term expressing that object (rang zhes rjod pa'i sgra), and although "terminology" (brda') usually has the same meaning as "name," in order to avoid redundancy he takes it to mean a conceptual consciousness apprehending that object (rang 'dzin rtog pa). (This explanation of "terminology" is well-founded in the tradition since a common dictum is that names and conceptual consciousnesses engage their objects similarly.) (PH) verify change in notects similarly.) (PH) verify change in note)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/839 + (Comment: Jasmine, as an example of whiteness, is used to refer to seminal fluid.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1154 + (Comment: Jik-may-dam-chö-gya-tso explains that "vehicle" here means the scriptural collections of the Hearers, these being the Hearer vehicle as verbalizing words (rjod byed tshig gi theg pa).)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1444 + (Comment: Jik-may-dam-chö-gya-tso takes thi … Comment: Jik-may-dam-chö-gya-tso takes this term to mean "object of observation that is purified [that is, devoid] of contamination" (zag bcas kyis rnam par dag pa'i lam gyi dmigs pa). However, other scholars more cogently take the term as referring to an object that is such that meditation upon it purifies obstructions. For instance, Jam-y#ang-shay-b#a, in speaking about the ultimate that is explicitly indicated at this point, qualifies the term "object of observation of purification" (rnam dag gi dmigs pa) with the phrase, "that which is such that, when it is observed and then is meditated upon, the obstructions to omniscience become purified" (gang la dmigs nas bsgom na shes sgrib dag par 'gyur ba).nas bsgom na shes sgrib dag par 'gyur ba).)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/614 + (Comment: Ken-sur Nga-w#ang-lek-den etymolo … Comment: Ken-sur Nga-w#ang-lek-den etymologized this is "full-fall", i.e., one who is filled with the afflictions and has fallen into cyclic existence. As he said, this is not true of all persons, because even a Buddha, for instance, is a person. It is to be noted that animals, for instance, are persons. It is said that in general "self" (bdag, Atman) "person," and "I" (nga, ahaM) are equivalent, but in the particular context of the selflessness of persons "self" and "person" are not at all equivalent and do not at all have the same meaning. In the term "selflessness of persons," "self" refers to a falsely imagined status that needs to be refuted, whereas "persons" refers to existent beings who are the bases with respect to which that refutation is made. All four Buddhist schools, therefore, hold that persons exist; they do not claim that persons are mere fictions of ignorance. The schools hold differing opinions on the nature of the person. According to Ge-luk-b#a scholars, all except the Middle Way Consequence School posit something from within the bases of imputation of a person — usually either mind or the collection of mind and body — as being the person. In contrast, the Consequence School holds that, even though a person is imputed in dependence upon mind and body (in the Formless Realm, a person is imputed in dependence only on mind), the person is neither mind nor body nor a collection of mind and body, since it is just the I that is imputed in dependence upon mind and body. Following the lead of ChandrakIrti, recognized by most as the founder of the Consequence School, Ge-luk-b#a scholars identify how in the other schools some factor among the five aggregates (forms, feelings, discriminations, compositional factors, and consciousnesses) or the collection of them is considered to be the person when sought analytically from among its bases of imputation: the Proponents of the Great Exposition, in general, hold that the mere collection of the mental and physical aggregates is the person; however, some of the five SaMmitIya subschools of the Great Exposition School maintain that all five aggregates are the person (although the absurdity of one person being five persons would seem difficult not to notice) while another subschool, the Avantaka, asserts that the mind alone is the person; the SUtra School Following Scripture assert that the continuum of the aggregates is the person; the SUtra School Following Reasoning maintains that the mental consciousness is the person; the Mind-Only School Following Scripture holds that the mind-basis-of-all (kun gzhi rnam par shes pa, AlayavijJAna) is the person; the Mind-Only School Following Reasoning asserts that the mental consciousness is the person; both the Yogic Autonomy School and the SUtra Autonomy School assert that a subtle, neutral mental consciousness is the person. For the most part, the delineation of what these schools assert to be the person is a matter of conjecture and not reporting of forthright statements in these schools' own texts. Though it is clear that most of these schools (if not all) accept that persons exist, it is often not clear in their own literature that they assert that something from within the bases of imputation of a person is the person. Rather, as presented in Vasubandhu's commentary on the ninth chapter of his Treasury of Manifest Knowledge, persons are merely asserted to be "non-associated compositional factors" (ldan min 'du byed, viprayuktasaMskAra) and thus an instance of the fourth aggregate, compositional factors, without a specific identification — of any of the five aggregates that are a person's bases of imputation — as the person.son's bases of imputation — as the person.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/861 + (Comment: Laya means "basis"; it is derived … Comment: Laya means "basis"; it is derived from the Sanskrit verbal root li, which means "providing support or basis." A# is taken as meaning "all." VijJAna means "consciousness." The verbal root jJa means "know"; na is an ending that means "way" or "means" — the means of understanding; vi means "individually" or "in detail."\n CandrakIrti takes the term as referring to that which is to be minded or known in detail, that is to say, the emptiness; see MED, p. 617.is to say, the emptiness; see MED, p. 617.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/862 + (Comment: Laya means "basis"; it is derived … Comment: Laya means "basis"; it is derived from the Sanskrit verbal root li, which means "providing support or basis." A# is taken as meaning "all." VijJAna means "consciousness." The verbal root jJa means "know"; na is an ending that means "way" or "means" — the means of understanding; vi means "individually" or "in detail."\n CandrakIrti takes the term as referring to that which is to be minded or known in detail, that is to say, the emptiness; see MED, p. 617.is to say, the emptiness; see MED, p. 617.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/567 + (Comment: Literally this would be translated as "a meaning that must be led.")
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/568 + (Comment: Literally this would be translated as "a meaning that must be led.")
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1262 + (Comment: Magee found no instance of svarUpam being translated into Tibetan as rang gi gzugs.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/942 + (Comment: Metaphor used in the N#ying-ma Order for an accomplished yogi's experience of fundamental mind.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1768 + (Comment: Metaphor used in the N#ying-ma Or … Comment: Metaphor used in the N#ying-ma Order for an accomplished yogi's experience of fundamental mind, suggesting the at-homeness of the fundamental innate mind of clear light when experienced by one who has overcome the initial, distorted fear and sense of annihilation. distorted fear and sense of annihilation.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/843 + (Comment: More likely, this is the miraculous ability to speak in all languages.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1018 + (Comment: Name of the worst hell.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/819 + (Comment: Nature signs are divided accordin … Comment: Nature signs are divided according to whether or not the terms expressing them specify an agent. If an agent is specified, it is a sign involving a qualification (or specification) of a cause; if not, it is a sign free of qualification (or specification of a cause). See khyad par dag pa pa'i rang bzhin gyi rtags yang dag.dag pa pa'i rang bzhin gyi rtags yang dag.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/817 + (Comment: Nature signs are divided accordin … Comment: Nature signs are divided according to whether or not the terms expressing them specify an agent. If an agent is specified, it is a sign involving a qualification (or specification) of a cause; if not, it is a sign free of qualification (or specification of a cause. See khyad par ltos pa pa'i rang bzhin gyi rtags yang dag.tos pa pa'i rang bzhin gyi rtags yang dag.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/444 + (Comment: Negative phenomenon (dgag pa) is equivalent to gzhan sel (exlusion of the other, other-exclusion [anyApoha]). Examples are rtag pa ma yin pa (non-permanent); bum pa ma yin pa las log pa (opposite from non-pot).)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/604 + (Comment: Nga-w#ang-lek-den (ngag dbang legs ldan) suggested that ga le may have derived from gang legs (whatever is good).)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1579 + (Comment: Not an actual division.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/643 + (Comment: Note that rta blang means "horse and elephant," blang being an abbreviation of blang po che.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/612 + (Comment: Often used as a correlative with de'i tshe.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1639 + (Comment: Often used to refer to the Sanskrit original of a Tibetan term or to the Tibetan translation equivalent of a Sanskrit term.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/374 + (Comment: One in the triad of imputational … Comment: One in the triad of imputational form (kun brtags pa'i gzugs), imputed form (rnam par brtags pa'i gzugs), and form of reality (chos nyid kyi gzugs), the last meaning the reality of form in Ge-luk and noumenal form in Jo-nang. These three correspond to the three natures of a form: imputational nature, other-powered nature, and thoroughly established nature of a form.d thoroughly established nature of a form.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/667 + (Comment: One of eleven terminating particles go, ngo, do, no, bo, mo, 'o, ro, lo, so, to, which follow their respective suffixes with to following the extra suffix da.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/712 + (Comment: One of five genitive particles—gi, kyi, gyi, 'i, yi.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/864 + (Comment: One of five genitive particles—gi, kyi, gyi, 'i, yi.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/64 + (Comment: One of five genitive particles—gi, kyi, gyi, 'i, yi.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/641 + (Comment: One of five genitive particles—gi, kyi, gyi, 'i, yi.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1883 + (Comment: One of five genitive particles—gi, kyi, gyi, 'i, yi.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/713 + (Comment: One of five instrumental particles—gis, kyis, gyis, 'is, yis. Also used adverbially.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/865 + (Comment: One of five instrumental particles—gis, kyis, gyis, 'is, yis. Also used adverbially.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/642 + (Comment: One of five instrumental particles—gis, kyis, gyis, 'is, yis. Also used adverbially.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/607 + (Comment: One of ten particles used with a disjunctive ("or") or conjunctive ("and") sense.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1755 + (Comment: One of the eighteen VaibhASika Schools, according to some renditions; see Meditation on Emptiness, pp. 717-718.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/461 + (Comment: One of the eighteen so called HInayAna schools; thought to be an early precursor of MahAyAna.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1331 + (Comment: One of the five kinds of effects ('bras bu). With respect to the divisions, the first would, for instance, be to kill and to be killed; the second would, for instance, be to kill and then to kill again.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1573 + (Comment: One of the five lesser sciences ( … Comment: One of the five lesser sciences (rig gnas chung ba lnga): healing or medicine (gso ba); grammar (sgra rig pa); epistemology (tshad ma); reasoning (gdan tshig); arts (bzo ba). check these in 3 vol. dic and make entries for each along with five great sciences. These are from Das and seem wrongciences. These are from Das and seem wrong)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1660 + (Comment: One of the five types of effects; for example, a harvest achieved through the exertions of a farmer (zhing pas rtson pas sgrub pa'i lo tog); for other effects see 'bras bu.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/813 + (Comment: One of the five winds.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/777 + (Comment: One of the four foods, which acco … Comment: One of the four foods, which according to (1) morsel food (kham gyi zas, kavaDaMkAra-AhAra), (2) contact food (reg pa'i zas, sparza-AhAra) which is contaminated touch that increases the great elements associated with the sense powers, (3) intention food (sems pa'i zas, manaHsaMcetanAhAra) which is intention (or attention) that involves hope for a desired object, and (4) consciousness food (rnam shes kyi zas, vijJAna-AhAra) which is the collections of consciousness. S#er-s#hül L#o-sang-pün-tsok (Notes, 13b.5) cites the third chapter of Vasubandhu's Treasury of Manifest Knowledge (III.119-128) which indicates that:\n* coarse food furthers the body that is the support of this lifetime\n* contact furthers the mind that depends on the support of the body\n* intention projects future lifetimes (in that it is the main feature of karma)\n* the karmas that actualize future lifetimes in the sense of filling in the details of the lifetime projected by intention are posited as consciousness.\nS#er-s#hül quotes Vasubandhu's explanation that morsel food exists only in the Desire Realm whereas the other three exist in all three realms—Desire, Form, and Formless—and are necessarily contaminated. As Ge-s#hay B#el-den-drak-b#a explained, the foods increase cyclic existence, and thus uncontaminated contact, intention, and consciousness are not posited as food. S#er-s#hül paraphrases AsaGga's Compendium of Ascertainments which explains that although meditative absorptions and engaging in pure behavior are means of furthering the body through eliminating unfavorable circumstances, they are not posited as foods since they do not further the body by way of their own entities. His point must be that meditative stabilization therefore should not be included in the list.\n Contrary to this, Geshe Gedün Lodrö of the University of Hamburg includes meditative stabilization (ting nge 'dzin) and gives mental food as the second (Calm Abiding and Special Insight, 70-71):\n"The four types of nourishment are (1) coarse food, (2) mental nourishment, (3) nourishment of intention, and (4) nourishment of consciousness. The sense of mental satisfaction that comes when a desire is fulfilled is called mental nourishment. Just as coarse food nourishes the body, so satisfaction nourishes or replenishes the mind upon fulfillment of a desire. The third type, nourishment of intention, is an action that projects the next lifetime. Since it generates or produces the next lifetime, it is called a nourisher, or nourishment; it is the second link of the twelve-linked dependent-arising. Similarly, the third link, which is called consciousness, is known as the food of consciousness. Just as the action that projects, or impels, a future lifetime is called a nourisher, so the consciousness which is imprinted with that action and which will at the time of the effect of that action in the future life be imprinted with other karmas is called a nourisher, or nourishment. Why is [the first link of dependent-arising,] ignorance, not called a nourisher? It is because ignorance is the agent that pervades everything; thus, it is not singled out as a nourisher. There is still another type of nourishment, that of meditative stabilization. Persons who have achieved calm abiding and special insight and have proceeded to high levels of the path do not need to use coarse food; they have the nourishment of meditative stabilization.e nourishment of meditative stabilization.)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/52 + (Comment: One of the four types of normative Check Kathy pervasion (khyab pa rnal ma bzhi); an illustration of this type of reasoning is: Whatever is a definiendum is necessarily not permanent (mtshon bya yin na / rtag pa ma yin pas khyab pa).Check Kathy)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/53 + (Comment: One of the four types of perverse … Comment: One of the four types of perverse pervasions (khyab pa phyin ci log bzhi); an illustration of this type of reasoning is: whatever is a definiendum is necessarily not not-permanent (mtshon bya yin na / rtag pa ma yin pa ma yin pas khyab pa).Check Kathyma yin pa ma yin pas khyab pa).Check Kathy)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/441 + (Comment: One of the seven preparations (nyer bsdogs, samAtaka) for a concentration (bsam gtan, dhyAna).)
- Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/854 + (Comment: One of the six kinds of causes; for others see rgyu.)