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• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1771  + (many modes of skillful means; Comment: Gung-tang identifies the "many modes of skillful means" as Buddha's temporarily teaching merely a coarse form of selflessness.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1124  + (niHsvabhAva; Comment: Another possible tra … niHsvabhAva; Comment: Another possible translation equivalent for "non-nature" (ngo bo nyid med pa; niHsvabhAva) is "non-entityness." Despite being admittedly awkward, it closely reflects in both its etymology and its meaning the Sanskrit term niHsvabhAva which is derived from the verbal root bhU "to be." For, "entity" is derived in its basic form (es) from the Latin esse "to be" and is derived in its suffixed form from the Sanskrit as which, like bhU, means "being." In addition, "entity" means "something that exists as a particular and discrete unit" or "the fact of existence; being." Thus, "non-entityness" would be a suitable translation for the negative term niHsvabhAva, if it were not so awkward; other possible translations are "non-thingness," "non-natureness," and "unreality." Since all of these choices are awkward and since trisvabhAva is translated as "three natures," I have chosen "non-nature" for niHsvabhAva; it has the additional virtue of reflecting the play between svabhAva and niHsvabhAva — (three) natures and (three) non-natures.— (three) natures and (three) non-natures.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/580  + (odor sense-sphere; Comment: This is one of … odor sense-sphere; Comment: This is one of the five divisions of external form (phyi'i gzugs): form sense-sphere (gzugs kyi skye mched); (2) sound sense-sphere (sgra'i skye mched); (3) odor sense-sphere (dri'i skye mched); (4) taste sense-sphere (ro'i skye mched); (5) tangible object sense-sphere (reg bya'i skye mched).bject sense-sphere (reg bya'i skye mched).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1677  + (one of the five divisions of internal form (nang gi bem po); the other four correspond to the other senses)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/924  + (one of the three main bodies of a Buddha; the others are: Form Body (gzugs sku, rUpa-kAya); and Truth Body (chos sku, dharma-kAya))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1371  + (one of the three modes (tshul gsum); the others are: subject-quality (phyogs chos) and reverse pervasion (ldog khyab); its form is: (3) yin na (2) yin pa'i khyab -- being (3) entails being (2))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/28  + (one of the three realms in Buddhist cosmology; the others are: the form realm (gzugs khams, rUpa-dhAtu) and the formless realm (gzugs med khams, arUpya-dhAtu))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/742  + (one of the three realms in Buddhist cosmology; the others are: the form realm (gzugs khams, rUpa-dhAtu) and the desire realm ('dod khams, kAma-dhAtu))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/26  + (one of the three realms in Buddhist cosmology; the others are: form realm (gzugs khams, rUpa-dhAtu); and formless realm (gzugs med khams, arUpya-dhAtu))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/421  + (one of the two divisions of form-source (gzugs kyi skye mched, rUpAyatana); the other is color (kha dog))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1775  + (one of the two types of consequences (thal 'gyur); the other is facsimile of a consequence (thal 'gyur ltar snang)\nNeed English for definition (T))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1198  + (philosophy tutor of the thirteenth Dalai Lama; his texts are currently used by Se-ra-jay college)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1201  + (seal deity; Comment: This is the fifth of … seal deity; Comment: This is the fifth of six stages in deity yoga meditation in the Concentration Concentration Tantra (bsam gtan phyi ma, dhyAnottara), an Action Tantra: ultimate deity or emptiness deity or suchness deity (don dam pa'i lha, stong pa nyid kyi lha, de kho na nyid kyi lha); sound deity (sgra'i lha); letter deity (yi ge'i lha); form deity (gzugs kyi lha); seal deity (phyag rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1081  + (sign deity; Comment: This is the sixth of … sign deity; Comment: This is the sixth of six stages in deity yoga meditation in the Concentration Concentration Tantra (bsam gtan phyi ma, dhyAnottara), an Action Tantra: ultimate deity or emptiness deity or suchness deity (don dam pa'i lha, stong pa nyid kyi lha, de kho na nyid kyi lha); sound deity (sgra'i lha); letter deity (yi ge'i lha); form deity (gzugs kyi lha); seal deity (phyag rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1576  + (sound deity; Comment: This is the second o … sound deity; Comment: This is the second of six stages in deity yoga meditation in the Concentration Concentration Tantra (bsam gtan phyi ma, dhyAnottara), an Action Tantra: ultimate deity or emptiness deity or suchness deity (don dam pa'i lha, stong pa nyid kyi lha, de kho na nyid kyi lha); sound deity (sgra'i lha); letter deity (yi ge'i lha); form deity (gzugs kyi lha); seal deity (phyag rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1577  + (sound sense-sphere; Comment: This is one o … sound sense-sphere; Comment: This is one of the five divisions of external form (phyi'i gzugs): form sense-sphere (gzugs kyi skye mched); (2) sound sense-sphere (sgra'i skye mched); (3) odor sense-sphere (dri'i skye mched); (4) taste sense-sphere (ro'i skye mched); (5) tangible object sense-sphere (reg bya'i skye mched).bject sense-sphere (reg bya'i skye mched).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1740  + (spyi'i mtshan nyid; Comment: This term is … spyi'i mtshan nyid; Comment: This term is used in two markedly different ways, generally characterized phenomenon and general character. Generally characterized phenomena (spyi mtshan) are solely permanent phenomena such as uncompounded space ('dus ma byas kyi nam mkha'). However, general characteristic, or general character, (spyi'i mtshan nyid) refers to a character of an object that is shared with other objects; for instance, impermanence is a general characteristic of consciousness (shes pa) and is also a general characteristic of form (gzugs). Similarly, specifically characterized phenomena (rang mtshan) are solely impermanent phenomena such as consciousness (shes pa) and form (gzugs), but the specific characteristic, or specific character, (rang gi mtshan nyid) of an object is its own definining character such as that which is luminous and knowing (gsal zhing rig pa), which is the definition of consciousness (shes pa), an impermanent phenomena; and the non-affirming negative which is a mere negation of obstructive contact (thogs reg bkag tsam gyi med dgag), which is the definition of uncompounded space, a permanent phenomena.uncompounded space, a permanent phenomena.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/436  + (suchness deity; Comment: This is the first … suchness deity; Comment: This is the first of six stages in deity yoga meditation in the Concentration Concentration Tantra (bsam gtan phyi ma, dhyAnottara), an Action Tantra: ultimate deity or emptiness deity or suchness deity (don dam pa'i lha, stong pa nyid kyi lha, de kho na nyid kyi lha); sound deity (sgra'i lha); letter deity (yi ge'i lha); form deity (gzugs kyi lha); seal deity (phyag rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1301  + (tangible object sense-sphere; Comment: Thi … tangible object sense-sphere; Comment: This is one of the five divisions of external form (phyi'i gzugs): form sense-sphere (gzugs kyi skye mched); (2) sound sense-sphere (sgra'i skye mched); (3) odor sense-sphere (dri'i skye mched); (4) taste sense-sphere (ro'i skye mched); (5) tangible object sense-sphere (reg bya'i skye mched).bject sense-sphere (reg bya'i skye mched).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1454  + (taste sense-sphere; Comment: This is one o … taste sense-sphere; Comment: This is one of the five divisions of external form (phyi'i gzugs): form sense-sphere (gzugs kyi skye mched); (2) sound sense-sphere (sgra'i skye mched); (3) odor sense-sphere (dri'i skye mched); (4) taste sense-sphere (ro'i skye mched); (5) tangible object sense-sphere (reg bya'i skye mched).bject sense-sphere (reg bya'i skye mched).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/756  + (the Chinese abbot spoken of by Bu-dön (bu ston) in the Chos 'byung as the opponent of KamalazIla in the debate at Lhasa)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1222  + (the presence of the reason in the subject -- one of the three modes (tshul gsum); in oral debate, this is expressed as: (1) plus (3) rtags grub)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/37  + (through the force of taming; Comment: Jik- … through the force of taming; Comment: Jik-may-dam-chö-gya-tso reports that D#ra-d#i Ge-s#hay Rin-chen-dön-drup (pra sti dge bshes rin chen don grub) interprets "through the force of taming" as "through the force of taming trainees having the lineage of the Middle Way School by means of the literal reading" (gdul bya dbu ma pa'i rigs can sgras zin des 'dul ba'i dbang gis). However, Jik-may-dam-chö-gya-tso points out that D#zong-ka-b#a himself in the section on the Consequence School of the Essence of Eloquence glosses "through the force of taming" with "through the force of trainees' thought" (gdul bya'i bsam pa'i dbang gis). It seems to me that both interpretations are suitable.me that both interpretations are suitable.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/514  + (ultimate deity; Comment: This is the first … ultimate deity; Comment: This is the first of six stages in deity yoga meditation in the Concentration Concentration Tantra (bsam gtan phyi ma, dhyAnottara), an Action Tantra: ultimate deity or emptiness deity or suchness deity (don dam pa'i lha, stong pa nyid kyi lha, de kho na nyid kyi lha); sound deity (sgra'i lha); letter deity (yi ge'i lha); form deity (gzugs kyi lha); seal deity (phyag rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/451  + (virtue; Comment: Virtuous mental factors a … virtue; Comment: Virtuous mental factors are one of six main groupings of mental factors (sems byung, caitta): (1) five omnipresent (kun 'gro, sarvatraga) mental factors; (2) five determining (yul nges, viSaya-pratiniyama) mental factors; (3) eleven virtuous (dge ba, kuzala) mental factors; (4) six root afflictions (rtsa nyon, mUla-kleza); (5) twenty secondary afflictions (nye nyong, upakleza); and (6) four changeable (gzhan 'gyur, anyathAbhAva) mental factors. "Indicated" or "revealed" (lung du bstan pa) means here "that which abides as either virtue or non-virtue." Thus, in this case of defining virtue, it means that which is virtuous. It means that which is definite as virtuous or non-virtuous. It does not necessarily refer to Buddha's having said it this way or that way which is what those words often mean ("indicated in scripture"). "Abides in the class of that which issues forth happiness" is said because there are, for instance, virtues which have been overcome by hatred and do not issue forth happiness, but they are still virtues. The phrase means that there are exceptions that merely "abide in the class of."tions that merely "abide in the class of.")

• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1476  + (This phrase is used as a shorthand form in debate texts, where the defender accepts a consequence which, if the reasoning is pursued backward, would lead to his acceptance of the first consequence of the debate)

• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/701  + ((T) Check tenses according to Thumi this i … (T) Check tenses according to Thumi this is a different verb from phab, etc. \n(SW) I think the verb form "phebs" is a mistake; should be "phab"; (PH) "phebs" = (Das) to arrive; to depart; (Thumi) to go; to come; to move; (dbab, 'bebs, phab, phob) = (JH) to settle; to cast down; (Das) to assign; to fix; to lay down; to establish; (Thumi) to bring down; to cause to come downhumi) to bring down; to cause to come down)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1505  + (Buddhaguhya; Comment: Three Indian scholar … Buddhaguhya; Comment: Three Indian scholars are renowned especially for their works on Yoga Tantra, whom New Translation Schools consider the "Three People Expert/Proficient in Yoga [Tantra]" (yoga la mi mkhas pa gsum): Buddhaguhya (sangs rgyas gsang ba; fl. mid eighth century), ShAkyamitra (shA kya bshes gnyen), and A#nandagarbha (kun dga' snying po; fl. late ninth or early tenth century). Buddhaguhya authored the Entry into the Meaning of the Tantra (rgyud kyi don la 'jug pa, tantrArthAvatara), as well as commentaries on Action and Performance Tantras. As an important figure in N#ying-ma MahAyoga lineages he taught Padmasambhava and Vimalamitra and authored texts.mbhava and Vimalamitra and authored texts.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/738  + (Comment: A form's being a conceived object of a conceptual consciousness [means] that a form is taken as the object of the mode of apprehension apprehending form by way of being conceived [that is, thought about] by a conceptual consciousness.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/739  + (Comment: A form's being a referent of a co … Comment: A form's being a referent of a conceptual consciousness [means] that a form appears to a sense consciousness as a basis for the affixing of name and terminology from the side of its [that is, the form's] own mode of abiding, without depending on the association of conventions by terms and conceptuality, whereupon a subsequent conceptual consciousness also adheres to such an appearance and takes it to be a basis of conceiving — with regard to the form — "This is a form."ith regard to the form — "This is a form.")
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/83  + (Comment: A logical term used when the oppo … Comment: A logical term used when the opponent has been boxed in. The three are to have asserted either explicitly or implicitly (1) the entailment/pervasion (khyab pa khas blangs pa red), (2) the reason (rtags khas blangs pa red), and (3) the opposite of the predicate of the consequence (gsal ba'i zlogs phyogs khas blangs pa red). Spoken or shouted in debate by the challenger to indicate that the opponent cannot deny the reason or the pervasion, yet cannot accept the "thesis" of the consequence.ot accept the "thesis" of the consequence.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/671  + (Comment: A non-Buddhist school renowned in … Comment: A non-Buddhist school renowned in Buddhist texts as the precursor of all Indian systems and so called due to the belief that liberation can be gained through thoroughly understanding the enumeration of twenty-five categories of objects of knowledge which principally involves distinguishing between mind and twentt-four categories of matter.mind and twentt-four categories of matter.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1352  + (Comment: A non-conceptual ultimate conscio … Comment: A non-conceptual ultimate consciousness is one of meditative equipoise in which a yogi directly realizes emptiness, whereas a conceptual ultimate consciousness is one that realizes emptiness through the medium of a conceptual image. Both are called "reasoning consciousnesses" most likely because they are generated from having analyzed with reasoning to determine whether an object exists in accordance with (in the Mind-Only system) the superimposition of the imputational nature. (PH) qualification "in M-O" added. needed?(PH) qualification "in M-O" added. needed?)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/822  + (Comment: A subject marker in logical texts … Comment: A subject marker in logical texts. The first example given above is the definition of ldog chos phung sum tsam po ba (isolate-phenomenon-of-the-third-type), illustrations of which are dgag pa (negative phenomenon), dngos po'i spyi (generality-of-functioning-thing), etc.yi (generality-of-functioning-thing), etc.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1121  + (Comment: An instance is "This is a contaminated form" ('di ni zag bcas kyi gzugs so); see MO, 105.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1122  + (Comment: An instance is "This is a form" ('di ni gzugs so); see MO, 105.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/467  + (Comment: Arhan/ arhant (dgra bcom pa) is t … Comment: Arhan/ arhant (dgra bcom pa) is translated as "Foe Destroyer" to accord with the usual Tibetan translation of the term and to assist in capturing the flavor of oral and written traditions that frequently refer to this etymology. Arhats have overcome the foe which is the afflictive emotions (nyon mongs, kleza), the chief of which is ignorance, the conception (according to the Consequence School) that persons and phenomena are established by way of their own character.\n The Indian and Tibetan translators were also aware of the etymology of arhant as "worthy one," as they translated the name of the "founder" of the Jaina system, Arhat, as mchod 'od "Worthy of Worship" (see Jam-y#ang-shay-b#a's Great Exposition of Tenets, ka, 62a.3). Also, they were aware of ChandrakIrti's gloss of the term as "Worthy One" in his Clear Words: "Because of being worthy of worship by the world of gods, humans, and demi-gods, they are called Arhats" (sadevamAnuøAsurAl lokAt pUnArhatvAd arhannityuchyate [Poussin, 486.5], lha dang mi dang lha ma yin du bcas pa'i 'jig rten gyis mchod par 'os pas dgra bcom pa zhes brjod la [P5260, vol. 98 75.2.2]). Also, they were aware of Haribhadra's twofold etymology in his Illumination of the Eight Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom SUtra. In the context of the list of epithets qualifying the retinue of Buddha at the beginning of the sUtra (see Unrai Wogihara, ed., AbhisamayAla™kArAlokA PrajJA-pAramitA-vyAkhyA, The Work of Haribhadra [Tokyo: The Toyo Bunko, 1932-5; reprint ed., Tokyo: Sankibo Buddhist Book Store, 1973], 8.18), Haribhadra says, "They are called arhant [=Worthy One, from root arh 'to be worthy'] since they are worthy of worship, religious donations, and being assembled together in a group, etc." (W9.8-9: sarva evAtra pUjA-dakøi˜A-ga˜a-parikarøAdy-Arhatayar-han-taH; P5189, 67.5.7: 'dir thams cad kyang mchod pa dang // yon dang tshogs su 'dub la sogs par 'os pas na dgra bcom pa'o).\nAlso, "They are called arhant [= Foe Destroyer, arihan] because they have destroyed (hata) the foe (ari)."\n(W10.18: hatAritvAd arhantaH; P5189, 69.3.6. dgra rnams bcom pas na dgra bcom pa'o). Thus, this is a considered preference in the face of alternative etymologies—"Foe Destroyer" requiring a not unusual i infix to make ari-han, ari meaning enemy and han meaning to kill, and thus "Foe Destroyer." Unfortunately, one word in English cannot convey both this meaning and "Worthy of Worship"; thus, I have gone with what clearly has become the predominant meaning in Tibet. (For an excellent discussion of the two etymologies of "Arhat" in Buddhism and Jainism, see L.M. Joshi's "Facets of Jaina Religiousness in Comparative Light," L.D. Series 85, [Ahmedabad: L.D. Institute of Indology, May 1981], 53-58). Institute of Indology, May 1981], 53-58).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/816  + (Comment: As in "Form is produced " (gzugs skye'o); see MO, 105.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/818  + (Comment: As in "Form is produced momentarily" (gzugs skad cig la skye'o); see MO, 105.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1770  + (Comment: Gung-tang makes an important dist … Comment: Gung-tang makes an important distinction between thabs (upAya) as compassion and thabs (upAya) as skillful means used to lead trainees by way of various techniques; he speaks from a tradition that distinguishes these two. It appears that in many Great Vehicle traditions, especially in East Asia, the two are conflated.ially in East Asia, the two are conflated.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/850  + (Comment: In the SUtra School Following Rea … Comment: In the SUtra School Following Reasoning the following are equivalent: conventional truth (kun rdzob bden pa); permanent phenomenon (rtag pa); generally characterized phenomenon (spyi mtshan); phenomenon which is not a [functioning] thing (dngos med kyi chos); uncompounded phenomenon ('dus ma byas kyi chos); unproduced phenomenon (ma byas pa'i chos).unproduced phenomenon (ma byas pa'i chos).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/853  + (Comment: In the SUtra School Following Rea … Comment: In the SUtra School Following Reasoning the following are equivalent: conventional truth (kun rdzob bden pa); permanent phenomenon (rtag pa); generally characterized phenomenon (spyi mtshan); phenomenon which is not a [functioning] thing (dngos med kyi chos); uncompounded phenomenon ('dus ma byas kyi chos); unproduced phenomenon (ma byas pa'i chos).unproduced phenomenon (ma byas pa'i chos).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1444  + (Comment: Jik-may-dam-chö-gya-tso takes thi … Comment: Jik-may-dam-chö-gya-tso takes this term to mean "object of observation that is purified [that is, devoid] of contamination" (zag bcas kyis rnam par dag pa'i lam gyi dmigs pa). However, other scholars more cogently take the term as referring to an object that is such that meditation upon it purifies obstructions. For instance, Jam-y#ang-shay-b#a, in speaking about the ultimate that is explicitly indicated at this point, qualifies the term "object of observation of purification" (rnam dag gi dmigs pa) with the phrase, "that which is such that, when it is observed and then is meditated upon, the obstructions to omniscience become purified" (gang la dmigs nas bsgom na shes sgrib dag par 'gyur ba).nas bsgom na shes sgrib dag par 'gyur ba).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/614  + (Comment: Ken-sur Nga-w#ang-lek-den etymolo … Comment: Ken-sur Nga-w#ang-lek-den etymologized this is "full-fall", i.e., one who is filled with the afflictions and has fallen into cyclic existence. As he said, this is not true of all persons, because even a Buddha, for instance, is a person. It is to be noted that animals, for instance, are persons. It is said that in general "self" (bdag, Atman) "person," and "I" (nga, ahaM) are equivalent, but in the particular context of the selflessness of persons "self" and "person" are not at all equivalent and do not at all have the same meaning. In the term "selflessness of persons," "self" refers to a falsely imagined status that needs to be refuted, whereas "persons" refers to existent beings who are the bases with respect to which that refutation is made. All four Buddhist schools, therefore, hold that persons exist; they do not claim that persons are mere fictions of ignorance. The schools hold differing opinions on the nature of the person. According to Ge-luk-b#a scholars, all except the Middle Way Consequence School posit something from within the bases of imputation of a person — usually either mind or the collection of mind and body — as being the person. In contrast, the Consequence School holds that, even though a person is imputed in dependence upon mind and body (in the Formless Realm, a person is imputed in dependence only on mind), the person is neither mind nor body nor a collection of mind and body, since it is just the I that is imputed in dependence upon mind and body. Following the lead of ChandrakIrti, recognized by most as the founder of the Consequence School, Ge-luk-b#a scholars identify how in the other schools some factor among the five aggregates (forms, feelings, discriminations, compositional factors, and consciousnesses) or the collection of them is considered to be the person when sought analytically from among its bases of imputation: the Proponents of the Great Exposition, in general, hold that the mere collection of the mental and physical aggregates is the person; however, some of the five SaMmitIya subschools of the Great Exposition School maintain that all five aggregates are the person (although the absurdity of one person being five persons would seem difficult not to notice) while another subschool, the Avantaka, asserts that the mind alone is the person; the SUtra School Following Scripture assert that the continuum of the aggregates is the person; the SUtra School Following Reasoning maintains that the mental consciousness is the person; the Mind-Only School Following Scripture holds that the mind-basis-of-all (kun gzhi rnam par shes pa, AlayavijJAna) is the person; the Mind-Only School Following Reasoning asserts that the mental consciousness is the person; both the Yogic Autonomy School and the SUtra Autonomy School assert that a subtle, neutral mental consciousness is the person. For the most part, the delineation of what these schools assert to be the person is a matter of conjecture and not reporting of forthright statements in these schools' own texts. Though it is clear that most of these schools (if not all) accept that persons exist, it is often not clear in their own literature that they assert that something from within the bases of imputation of a person is the person. Rather, as presented in Vasubandhu's commentary on the ninth chapter of his Treasury of Manifest Knowledge, persons are merely asserted to be "non-associated compositional factors" (ldan min 'du byed, viprayuktasaMskAra) and thus an instance of the fourth aggregate, compositional factors, without a specific identification — of any of the five aggregates that are a person's bases of imputation — as the person.son's bases of imputation — as the person.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/374  + (Comment: One in the triad of imputational … Comment: One in the triad of imputational form (kun brtags pa'i gzugs), imputed form (rnam par brtags pa'i gzugs), and form of reality (chos nyid kyi gzugs), the last meaning the reality of form in Ge-luk and noumenal form in Jo-nang. These three correspond to the three natures of a form: imputational nature, other-powered nature, and thoroughly established nature of a form.d thoroughly established nature of a form.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1573  + (Comment: One of the five lesser sciences ( … Comment: One of the five lesser sciences (rig gnas chung ba lnga): healing or medicine (gso ba); grammar (sgra rig pa); epistemology (tshad ma); reasoning (gdan tshig); arts (bzo ba). check these in 3 vol. dic and make entries for each along with five great sciences. These are from Das and seem wrongciences. These are from Das and seem wrong)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/777  + (Comment: One of the four foods, which acco … Comment: One of the four foods, which according to (1) morsel food (kham gyi zas, kavaDaMkAra-AhAra), (2) contact food (reg pa'i zas, sparza-AhAra) which is contaminated touch that increases the great elements associated with the sense powers, (3) intention food (sems pa'i zas, manaHsaMcetanAhAra) which is intention (or attention) that involves hope for a desired object, and (4) consciousness food (rnam shes kyi zas, vijJAna-AhAra) which is the collections of consciousness. S#er-s#hül L#o-sang-pün-tsok (Notes, 13b.5) cites the third chapter of Vasubandhu's Treasury of Manifest Knowledge (III.119-128) which indicates that:\n* coarse food furthers the body that is the support of this lifetime\n* contact furthers the mind that depends on the support of the body\n* intention projects future lifetimes (in that it is the main feature of karma)\n* the karmas that actualize future lifetimes in the sense of filling in the details of the lifetime projected by intention are posited as consciousness.\nS#er-s#hül quotes Vasubandhu's explanation that morsel food exists only in the Desire Realm whereas the other three exist in all three realms—Desire, Form, and Formless—and are necessarily contaminated. As Ge-s#hay B#el-den-drak-b#a explained, the foods increase cyclic existence, and thus uncontaminated contact, intention, and consciousness are not posited as food. S#er-s#hül paraphrases AsaGga's Compendium of Ascertainments which explains that although meditative absorptions and engaging in pure behavior are means of furthering the body through eliminating unfavorable circumstances, they are not posited as foods since they do not further the body by way of their own entities. His point must be that meditative stabilization therefore should not be included in the list.\n Contrary to this, Geshe Gedün Lodrö of the University of Hamburg includes meditative stabilization (ting nge 'dzin) and gives mental food as the second (Calm Abiding and Special Insight, 70-71):\n"The four types of nourishment are (1) coarse food, (2) mental nourishment, (3) nourishment of intention, and (4) nourishment of consciousness. The sense of mental satisfaction that comes when a desire is fulfilled is called mental nourishment. Just as coarse food nourishes the body, so satisfaction nourishes or replenishes the mind upon fulfillment of a desire. The third type, nourishment of intention, is an action that projects the next lifetime. Since it generates or produces the next lifetime, it is called a nourisher, or nourishment; it is the second link of the twelve-linked dependent-arising. Similarly, the third link, which is called consciousness, is known as the food of consciousness. Just as the action that projects, or impels, a future lifetime is called a nourisher, so the consciousness which is imprinted with that action and which will at the time of the effect of that action in the future life be imprinted with other karmas is called a nourisher, or nourishment. Why is [the first link of dependent-arising,] ignorance, not called a nourisher? It is because ignorance is the agent that pervades everything; thus, it is not singled out as a nourisher. There is still another type of nourishment, that of meditative stabilization. Persons who have achieved calm abiding and special insight and have proceeded to high levels of the path do not need to use coarse food; they have the nourishment of meditative stabilization.e nourishment of meditative stabilization.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/52  + (Comment: One of the four types of normative Check Kathy pervasion (khyab pa rnal ma bzhi); an illustration of this type of reasoning is: Whatever is a definiendum is necessarily not permanent (mtshon bya yin na / rtag pa ma yin pas khyab pa).Check Kathy)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/53  + (Comment: One of the four types of perverse … Comment: One of the four types of perverse pervasions (khyab pa phyin ci log bzhi); an illustration of this type of reasoning is: whatever is a definiendum is necessarily not not-permanent (mtshon bya yin na / rtag pa ma yin pa ma yin pas khyab pa).Check Kathyma yin pa ma yin pas khyab pa).Check Kathy)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/774  + (Comment: Standard formula for introducing another party's opinion in debate texts.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/783  + (Comment: The Desire Realm, the Four Concentrations of the Form Realm, and the Four Formless Absorptions of the Formless Realm are the nine levels.)