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• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1605  + (a shay often, but not always, marks the end of a phrase, sentence, line of poetry, etc.)

• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1481  + ((PH) The source given in Magee's footnote reads "Deussen, 48." which refers to: Paul Deussen, _Sixty UpaniSads of the Veda_. Was this also the source for the Tibetan (doubtful)? Is there an example sentence?)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1094  + ((PH) Wilson (p.671) gives "na re" as a syntactic particle that "marks a subject which is the source of an opinion or a statement")
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1522  + ((PH) a better example sentence would be good here.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/757  + (... zhes bshad pa: this is often translated with quotation marks. ... zhes gsungs pa: this is often translated with quotation marks)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/467  + (Comment: Arhan/ arhant (dgra bcom pa) is t … Comment: Arhan/ arhant (dgra bcom pa) is translated as "Foe Destroyer" to accord with the usual Tibetan translation of the term and to assist in capturing the flavor of oral and written traditions that frequently refer to this etymology. Arhats have overcome the foe which is the afflictive emotions (nyon mongs, kleza), the chief of which is ignorance, the conception (according to the Consequence School) that persons and phenomena are established by way of their own character.\n The Indian and Tibetan translators were also aware of the etymology of arhant as "worthy one," as they translated the name of the "founder" of the Jaina system, Arhat, as mchod 'od "Worthy of Worship" (see Jam-y#ang-shay-b#a's Great Exposition of Tenets, ka, 62a.3). Also, they were aware of ChandrakIrti's gloss of the term as "Worthy One" in his Clear Words: "Because of being worthy of worship by the world of gods, humans, and demi-gods, they are called Arhats" (sadevamAnuøAsurAl lokAt pUnArhatvAd arhannityuchyate [Poussin, 486.5], lha dang mi dang lha ma yin du bcas pa'i 'jig rten gyis mchod par 'os pas dgra bcom pa zhes brjod la [P5260, vol. 98 75.2.2]). Also, they were aware of Haribhadra's twofold etymology in his Illumination of the Eight Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom SUtra. In the context of the list of epithets qualifying the retinue of Buddha at the beginning of the sUtra (see Unrai Wogihara, ed., AbhisamayAla™kArAlokA PrajJA-pAramitA-vyAkhyA, The Work of Haribhadra [Tokyo: The Toyo Bunko, 1932-5; reprint ed., Tokyo: Sankibo Buddhist Book Store, 1973], 8.18), Haribhadra says, "They are called arhant [=Worthy One, from root arh 'to be worthy'] since they are worthy of worship, religious donations, and being assembled together in a group, etc." (W9.8-9: sarva evAtra pUjA-dakøi˜A-ga˜a-parikarøAdy-Arhatayar-han-taH; P5189, 67.5.7: 'dir thams cad kyang mchod pa dang // yon dang tshogs su 'dub la sogs par 'os pas na dgra bcom pa'o).\nAlso, "They are called arhant [= Foe Destroyer, arihan] because they have destroyed (hata) the foe (ari)."\n(W10.18: hatAritvAd arhantaH; P5189, 69.3.6. dgra rnams bcom pas na dgra bcom pa'o). Thus, this is a considered preference in the face of alternative etymologies—"Foe Destroyer" requiring a not unusual i infix to make ari-han, ari meaning enemy and han meaning to kill, and thus "Foe Destroyer." Unfortunately, one word in English cannot convey both this meaning and "Worthy of Worship"; thus, I have gone with what clearly has become the predominant meaning in Tibet. (For an excellent discussion of the two etymologies of "Arhat" in Buddhism and Jainism, see L.M. Joshi's "Facets of Jaina Religiousness in Comparative Light," L.D. Series 85, [Ahmedabad: L.D. Institute of Indology, May 1981], 53-58). Institute of Indology, May 1981], 53-58).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/475  + (Comment: He is the next incarnation of Jam-y#ang-shay-b#a Nga-w#ang-d#zön-drü ('jam dbyangs bzhad pa ngag dbang brtson 'grus) of L#a-brang D#ra-s#hi-kyil (bla brang bkra shis 'khyil).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1009  + (Comment: Jam-y#ang-shay-b#a holds that "na … Comment: Jam-y#ang-shay-b#a holds that "name" (ming) in this the Mind-Only context means a term expressing that object (rang zhes rjod pa'i sgra), and although "terminology" (brda') usually has the same meaning as "name," in order to avoid redundancy he takes it to mean a conceptual consciousness apprehending that object (rang 'dzin rtog pa). (This explanation of "terminology" is well-founded in the tradition since a common dictum is that names and conceptual consciousnesses engage their objects similarly.) (PH) verify change in notects similarly.) (PH) verify change in note)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1444  + (Comment: Jik-may-dam-chö-gya-tso takes thi … Comment: Jik-may-dam-chö-gya-tso takes this term to mean "object of observation that is purified [that is, devoid] of contamination" (zag bcas kyis rnam par dag pa'i lam gyi dmigs pa). However, other scholars more cogently take the term as referring to an object that is such that meditation upon it purifies obstructions. For instance, Jam-y#ang-shay-b#a, in speaking about the ultimate that is explicitly indicated at this point, qualifies the term "object of observation of purification" (rnam dag gi dmigs pa) with the phrase, "that which is such that, when it is observed and then is meditated upon, the obstructions to omniscience become purified" (gang la dmigs nas bsgom na shes sgrib dag par 'gyur ba).nas bsgom na shes sgrib dag par 'gyur ba).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/677  + (Comment: This is a commentary on his own v … Comment: This is a commentary on his own verse root text entitled Establishment of Freedom from Extremes through Understanding All Tenets. The book contains a lively exposition of many contradictions he found in the writings of D#zong-ka-b#a. Jam-y#ang-shay-b#a wrote a lengthy rejoinder in his Great Exposition of Tenets (grub mtha' chen mo).Exposition of Tenets (grub mtha' chen mo).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1674  + (Comment: one of the X marks/signs of a Buddha.get from mdzod spu entry)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/979  + (Comment: one of the x marks/ signs of a Buddha.add comment to "smin mtshams kyi mdzod spu'i phrag")
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1476  + (This phrase is used as a shorthand form in debate texts, where the defender accepts a consequence which, if the reasoning is pursued backward, would lead to his acceptance of the first consequence of the debate)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1605  +
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1800  + (ck eng; get ex SW added this entry One of the marks/signs of a Buddhaget and fix)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1080  + (major and minor marks; SW changed the Eng. from "major and minor marks")
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1079  + (major and minor marks; SW changed the Eng. from "major and minor marks")
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/980  + (mdzod spu; Comment: one of the x marks/ signs of a Buddhack sp. of "spus"; add comment to "smin mtshams kyi mdzod spu'i phrag")
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/984  + (one of the two divisions of negation (dgag … one of the two divisions of negation (dgag pa); the other is: affirming negative (ma yin dgag, paryudAsa-pratiSedha)Comment: The division of negatives, or negations, into affirming and non-affirming, or implicative and non-implicative, is traced to MimAMsA injunctions to refrain from activities that either imply another activity in its place or not. For example, the non-existence of the horns of a rabbit is expressed by the sentence, "The horns of a rabbit do not exist," and this does not suggest anything positive in place of the horns of a rabbit. Though it can suggest another non-affirming negative such as the non-existence of the beauty of the horns of a rabbit, it does not suggest any positive phenomenon in place of its object of negation. In the same way, an emptiness is a non-affirming negative such that the term expressing it does not suggest in place of the negation of its own object of negation another, positive phenomenon. See also "affirming negation" (ma yin dgag).e also "affirming negation" (ma yin dgag).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/451  + (virtue; Comment: Virtuous mental factors a … virtue; Comment: Virtuous mental factors are one of six main groupings of mental factors (sems byung, caitta): (1) five omnipresent (kun 'gro, sarvatraga) mental factors; (2) five determining (yul nges, viSaya-pratiniyama) mental factors; (3) eleven virtuous (dge ba, kuzala) mental factors; (4) six root afflictions (rtsa nyon, mUla-kleza); (5) twenty secondary afflictions (nye nyong, upakleza); and (6) four changeable (gzhan 'gyur, anyathAbhAva) mental factors. "Indicated" or "revealed" (lung du bstan pa) means here "that which abides as either virtue or non-virtue." Thus, in this case of defining virtue, it means that which is virtuous. It means that which is definite as virtuous or non-virtuous. It does not necessarily refer to Buddha's having said it this way or that way which is what those words often mean ("indicated in scripture"). "Abides in the class of that which issues forth happiness" is said because there are, for instance, virtues which have been overcome by hatred and do not issue forth happiness, but they are still virtues. The phrase means that there are exceptions that merely "abide in the class of."tions that merely "abide in the class of.")