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• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1159  + (secondary afflictions; Comment: Secondary … secondary afflictions; Comment: Secondary afflictions are one of six main groupings of mental factors (sems byung, caitta): (1) five omnipresent (kun 'gro, sarvatraga) mental factors; (2) five determining (yul nges, viSaya-pratiniyama) mental factors; (3) eleven virtuous (dge ba, kuzala) mental factors; (4) six root afflictions (rtsa nyon, mUla-kleza); (5) twenty secondary afflictions (nye nyong, upakleza); and (6) four changeable (gzhan 'gyur, anyathAbhAva) mental factors. The twenty secondary afflictions are: (1) belligerence (khro ba, krodha); (2) resentment ('khon 'dzin, upanAha); (3) concealment ('chab pa, mrakSa); (4) spite ('tshig pa, pradAsa); (5) jealousy (IrSyA); (6) miserliness (mAtsarya); (7) deceit (sgyu, mAyA); (8) dissimulation (g.yo, zAThya); (9) haughtiness (rgyags pa, mada); (10) harmfulness (rnam par 'tshe ba, vihiMsA); (11) non-shame (ngo tsha med pa, AhrIkya); (12) non-embarrassment (khrel med, anapatrApya); (13) lethargy (rmugs pa, styAna); (14) excitement (rgod pa, auddhatya); (15) non-faith (ma dad pa, Azraddhya); (16) laziness (le lo, kausIdya); (17) non-conscientiousness (bag med pa, pramAda); (18) forgetfulness (brjed nges pa, muSita-smRtitA); (19) non-introspection (shes bzhin ma yin pa, asaMprajanya); (20) distraction (rnam par g/yeng pa, vikSepya).istraction (rnam par g/yeng pa, vikSepya).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1680  + (see sna dbang for definition)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1681  + (see sna shes for definition)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/726  + (see: [[kun gzhi]]; [[kun gzhi rnam par shes pa]])
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1420  + (see: [[rnam pa dang bcas par smra ba]])
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1421  + (see: [[rnam pa med par smra ba]])
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1235  + (self-isolate; one of the four types of iso … self-isolate; one of the four types of isolates; for others see: ldog paComment: The term "self-isolate" (rang ldog) is a similarly convenient way of referring just to the object itself, pot, and not any of illustrations, such as a copper pot, or its definition., such as a copper pot, or its definition.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1626  + (shin tu sbyangs pa; Comment: This is one o … shin tu sbyangs pa; Comment: This is one of the eleven virtuous mental factors (sems byung dge ba, kuzalacaitta): (1) faith (dad pa, zraddhA); (2) shame (ngo tsha shes pa, hrI); (3) embarrassment (khrel yod pa, apatrApya); (4) non-attachment (ma chags pa, alobha); (5) non-hatred (zhe sdang med pa, adveSa); (6) non-ignorance (gti mug med pa, amoha); (7) effort (brtson 'grus, vIrya); (8) pliancy (shin tu sbyangs pa, prasrabdhi); (9) conscientiousness (bag yod pa, apramAda); (10) equanimity (btang snyoms, upekSA); (11) non-harmfulness (rnam par mi 'tshe ba, avihiMsA).mfulness (rnam par mi 'tshe ba, avihiMsA).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1081  + (sign deity; Comment: This is the sixth of … sign deity; Comment: This is the sixth of six stages in deity yoga meditation in the Concentration Concentration Tantra (bsam gtan phyi ma, dhyAnottara), an Action Tantra: ultimate deity or emptiness deity or suchness deity (don dam pa'i lha, stong pa nyid kyi lha, de kho na nyid kyi lha); sound deity (sgra'i lha); letter deity (yi ge'i lha); form deity (gzugs kyi lha); seal deity (phyag rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/311  + (sixth or seventh of the eight Hearer grounds (nyan thos kyi sa brgyad)\nWhich ground is it? (T))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1576  + (sound deity; Comment: This is the second o … sound deity; Comment: This is the second of six stages in deity yoga meditation in the Concentration Concentration Tantra (bsam gtan phyi ma, dhyAnottara), an Action Tantra: ultimate deity or emptiness deity or suchness deity (don dam pa'i lha, stong pa nyid kyi lha, de kho na nyid kyi lha); sound deity (sgra'i lha); letter deity (yi ge'i lha); form deity (gzugs kyi lha); seal deity (phyag rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/127  + (spite; Comment: This is one of the twenty … spite; Comment: This is one of the twenty secondary afflictions (nye nyon nyi shu, upakleza): (1) belligerence (khro ba, krodha); (2) resentment ('khon 'dzin, upanAha); (3) concealment ('chab pa, mrakSa); (4) spite ('tshig pa, pradAsa); (5) jealousy (IrSyA); (6) miserliness (mAtsarya); (7) deceit (sgyu, mAyA); (8) dissimulation (g.yo, zAThya); (9) haughtiness (rgyags pa, mada); (10) harmfulness (rnam par 'tshe ba, vihiMsA); (11) non-shame (ngo tsha med pa, AhrIkya); (12) non-embarrassment (khrel med, anapatrApya); (13) lethargy (rmugs pa, styAna); (14) excitement (rgod pa, auddhatya); (15) non-faith (ma dad pa, Azraddhya); (16) laziness (le lo, kausIdya); (17) non-conscientiousness (bag med pa, pramAda); (18) forgetfulness (brjed nges pa, muSita-smRtitA); (19) non-introspection (shes bzhin ma yin pa, asaMprajanya); (20) distraction (rnam par g/yeng pa, vikSepya).istraction (rnam par g/yeng pa, vikSepya).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1740  + (spyi'i mtshan nyid; Comment: This term is … spyi'i mtshan nyid; Comment: This term is used in two markedly different ways, generally characterized phenomenon and general character. Generally characterized phenomena (spyi mtshan) are solely permanent phenomena such as uncompounded space ('dus ma byas kyi nam mkha'). However, general characteristic, or general character, (spyi'i mtshan nyid) refers to a character of an object that is shared with other objects; for instance, impermanence is a general characteristic of consciousness (shes pa) and is also a general characteristic of form (gzugs). Similarly, specifically characterized phenomena (rang mtshan) are solely impermanent phenomena such as consciousness (shes pa) and form (gzugs), but the specific characteristic, or specific character, (rang gi mtshan nyid) of an object is its own definining character such as that which is luminous and knowing (gsal zhing rig pa), which is the definition of consciousness (shes pa), an impermanent phenomena; and the non-affirming negative which is a mere negation of obstructive contact (thogs reg bkag tsam gyi med dgag), which is the definition of uncompounded space, a permanent phenomena.uncompounded space, a permanent phenomena.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/436  + (suchness deity; Comment: This is the first … suchness deity; Comment: This is the first of six stages in deity yoga meditation in the Concentration Concentration Tantra (bsam gtan phyi ma, dhyAnottara), an Action Tantra: ultimate deity or emptiness deity or suchness deity (don dam pa'i lha, stong pa nyid kyi lha, de kho na nyid kyi lha); sound deity (sgra'i lha); letter deity (yi ge'i lha); form deity (gzugs kyi lha); seal deity (phyag rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/359  + (the fourth stage of the path of preparation; the others are: (1) heat (drod); (2) peak (rtse mo); and (3) forbearance (bzod pa))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/417  + (this is also the title of a work from: Cle … this is also the title of a work from: Clear Exposition of the Presentation of Tenets (grub pa'i mtha'i rnam par bzhag pa gsal bar bshad pa, PrAsaGgika-MAdhyamaka section), by Jang-gya Rol-bay-dor-jay (lcang skya rol pa'i rdo rje,1717-1786); translated with commentary by Jeffrey Hopkins, unpublished manuscriptby Jeffrey Hopkins, unpublished manuscript)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/481  + (this is the object of observation as opposed to the subjective aspect (rnam pa), one of the five concordances (mtshungs ldan lnga); for others see: [[mtshungs ldan]])
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/514  + (ultimate deity; Comment: This is the first … ultimate deity; Comment: This is the first of six stages in deity yoga meditation in the Concentration Concentration Tantra (bsam gtan phyi ma, dhyAnottara), an Action Tantra: ultimate deity or emptiness deity or suchness deity (don dam pa'i lha, stong pa nyid kyi lha, de kho na nyid kyi lha); sound deity (sgra'i lha); letter deity (yi ge'i lha); form deity (gzugs kyi lha); seal deity (phyag rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/525  + (ultimate truths are understood in differen … ultimate truths are understood in different ways by the various Buddhist systems; see definition headingComment: The Sanskrit for "ultimate truth," paramArthasatya, is etymologized three ways within identifying parama as "highest" or "ultimate," artha as "object," and satya as "truth." In the first way, parama (highest, ultimate) refers to a consciousness of meditative equipoise directly realizing emptiness; artha (object) refers to the object of that consciousness, emptiness; and satya (truth) also refers to emptiness in that in direct perception emptiness appears the way it exists; that is, there is no discrepancy between the mode of appearance and the mode of being. In this interpretation, a paramArthasatya is a "truth-that-is-an-object-of-the-highest-consciousness." In the second way, both parama (highest, ultimate) and artha (object) refer to a consciousness of meditative equipoise directly realizing emptiness in that, in the broadest meaning of "object," both objects and subjects are objects, and a consciousness of meditative equipoise directly realizing emptiness is the highest consciousness and thus highest object; satya (truth), as before, refers to emptiness. In this second interpretation, a paramArthasatya is an emptiness that exists the way it appears to a highest consciousness, a "truth-of-a-highest-object." In the third etymology, all three parts refer to emptiness in that an emptiness is the highest (the ultimate) and is also an object and a truth, a "truth-that-is-the-highest-object." ChandrakIrti, the chief Consequentialist, favors the third etymology in his Clear Wordsors the third etymology in his Clear Words)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/82  + (upanAha; resentment; Comment: This is one … upanAha; resentment; Comment: This is one of the twenty secondary afflictions (nye nyon nyi shu, upakleza): (1) belligerence (khro ba, krodha); (2) upanAha ('khon 'dzin, upanAha); (3) concealment ('chab pa, mrakSa); (4) spite ('tshig pa, pradAsa); (5) jealousy (IrSyA); (6) miserliness (mAtsarya); (7) deceit (sgyu, mAyA); (8) dissimulation (g.yo, zAThya); (9) haughtiness (rgyags pa, mada); (10) harmfulness (rnam par 'tshe ba, vihiMsA); (11) non-shame (ngo tsha med pa, AhrIkya); (12) non-embarrassment (khrel med, anapatrApya); (13) lethargy (rmugs pa, styAna); (14) excitement (rgod pa, auddhatya); (15) non-faith (ma dad pa, Azraddhya); (16) laziness (le lo, kausIdya); (17) non-conscientiousness (bag med pa, pramAda); (18) forgetfulness (brjed nges pa, muSita-smRtitA); (19) non-introspection (shes bzhin ma yin pa, asaMprajanya); (20) distraction (rnam par g/yeng pa, vikSepya).istraction (rnam par g/yeng pa, vikSepya).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/276  + (upekSA; Comment: This is one of the eleven … upekSA; Comment: This is one of the eleven virtuous mental factors (sems byung dge ba, kuzalacaitta): (1) faith (dad pa, zraddhA); (2) shame (ngo tsha shes pa, hrI); (3) embarrassment (khrel yod pa, apatrApya); (4) non-attachment (ma chags pa, alobha); (5) non-hatred (zhe sdang med pa, adveSa); (6) non-ignorance (gti mug med pa, amoha); (7) effort (brtson 'grus, vIrya); (8) pliancy (shin tu sbyangs pa, prasrabdhi); (9) conscientiousness (bag yod pa, apramAda); (10) equanimity (btang snyoms, upekSA); (11) non-harmfulness (rnam par mi 'tshe ba, avihiMsA).mfulness (rnam par mi 'tshe ba, avihiMsA).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/232  + (vIrya; effort; Comment: This is one of the … vIrya; effort; Comment: This is one of the eleven virtuous mental factors (sems byung dge ba, kuzalacaitta): (1) faith (dad pa, zraddhA); (2) shame (ngo tsha shes pa, hrI); (3) embarrassment (khrel yod pa, apatrApya); (4) non-attachment (ma chags pa, alobha); (5) non-hatred (zhe sdang med pa, adveSa); (6) non-ignorance (gti mug med pa, amoha); (7) vIrya (brtson 'grus, vIrya); (8) pliancy (shin tu sbyangs pa, prasrabdhi); (9) conscientiousness (bag yod pa, apramAda); (10) equanimity (btang snyoms, upekSA); (11) non-harmfulness (rnam par mi 'tshe ba, avihiMsA).mfulness (rnam par mi 'tshe ba, avihiMsA).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1437  + (vihiMsA; harmfulness; Comment: This is one … vihiMsA; harmfulness; Comment: This is one of the twenty secondary afflictions (nye nyon nyi shu, upakleza): (1) belligerence (khro ba, krodha); (2) resentment ('khon 'dzin, upanAha); (3) concealment ('chab pa, mrakSa); (4) spite ('tshig pa, pradAsa); (5) jealousy (IrSyA); (6) miserliness (mAtsarya); (7) deceit (sgyu, mAyA); (8) dissimulation (g.yo, zAThya); (9) haughtiness (rgyags pa, mada); (10) vihiMsA (rnam par 'tshe ba, vihiMsA); (11) non-shame (ngo tsha med pa, AhrIkya); (12) non-embarrassment (khrel med, anapatrApya); (13) lethargy (rmugs pa, styAna); (14) excitement (rgod pa, auddhatya); (15) non-faith (ma dad pa, Azraddhya); (16) laziness (le lo, kausIdya); (17) non-conscientiousness (bag med pa, pramAda); (18) forgetfulness (brjed nges pa, muSita-smRtitA); (19) non-introspection (shes bzhin ma yin pa, asaMprajanya); (20) distraction (rnam par g/yeng pa, vikSepya).istraction (rnam par g/yeng pa, vikSepya).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1016  + (wisdom; Comment: Equivalents taken from Grounds and Paths (sa lam) are path of liberation (that lam), exalted wisdom (ye shes), clear realizer (mngon rtogs), mother (yum), vehicle (theg pa).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/601  + (zAThya; Comment: This is one of the twenty … zAThya; Comment: This is one of the twenty secondary afflictions (nye nyon nyi shu, upakleza): (1) belligerence (khro ba, krodha); (2) resentment ('khon 'dzin, upanAha); (3) concealment ('chab pa, mrakSa); (4) spite ('tshig pa, pradAsa); (5) jealousy (IrSyA); (6) miserliness (mAtsarya); (7) deceit (sgyu, mAyA); (8) dissimulation (g.yo, zAThya); (9) haughtiness (rgyags pa, mada); (10) harmfulness (rnam par 'tshe ba, vihiMsA); (11) non-shame (ngo tsha med pa, AhrIkya); (12) non-embarrassment (khrel med, anapatrApya); (13) lethargy (rmugs pa, styAna); (14) excitement (rgod pa, auddhatya); (15) non-faith (ma dad pa, Azraddhya); (16) laziness (le lo, kausIdya); (17) non-conscientiousness (bag med pa, pramAda); (18) forgetfulness (brjed nges pa, muSita-smRtitA); (19) non-introspection (shes bzhin ma yin pa, asaMprajanya); (20) distraction (rnam par g/yeng pa, vikSepya).istraction (rnam par g/yeng pa, vikSepya).)

• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1172  + (definition of path of release of a Hearer path of meditation (nyan thos kyi mthong lam rnam grol lam))

• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1236  + ((PH) Definition too long; too many synonyms)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1347  + ((PH) Jeffrey, since blo and rig pa are definition/definiendum they shouldn't be listed as synonyms, right?)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1245  + ((PH) definition too long)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1071  + ((PH) too many synonymsComment: A "definiti … (PH) too many synonymsComment: A "definition" in this the Mind-Only system is not a verbal description; it is the actual object, viewed in one way as being the meaning (don, artha) whereas the definiendum is the name (ming, nAma). In another way, the definition is viewed as a "defining property" that characterizes an object. (PH) added M-O to note. Check. Exclusive view of M-O?M-O to note. Check. Exclusive view of M-O?)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1117  + (AhrIkya; non-shame; Comment: This is one o … AhrIkya; non-shame; Comment: This is one of the twenty secondary afflictions (nye nyon nyi shu, upakleza): (1) belligerence (khro ba, krodha); (2) resentment ('khon 'dzin, upanAha); (3) concealment ('chab pa, mrakSa); (4) spite ('tshig pa, pradAsa); (5) jealousy (IrSyA); (6) miserliness (mAtsarya); (7) deceit (sgyu, mAyA); (8) dissimulation (g.yo, zAThya); (9) haughtiness (rgyags pa, mada); (10) harmfulness (rnam par 'tshe ba, vihiMsA); (11) AhrIkya (ngo tsha med pa, AhrIkya); (12) non-embarrassment (khrel med, anapatrApya); (13) lethargy (rmugs pa, styAna); (14) excitement (rgod pa, auddhatya); (15) non-faith (ma dad pa, Azraddhya); (16) laziness (le lo, kausIdya); (17) non-conscientiousness (bag med pa, pramAda); (18) forgetfulness (brjed nges pa, muSita-smRtitA); (19) non-introspection (shes bzhin ma yin pa, asaMprajanya); (20) distraction (rnam par g/yeng pa, vikSepya).istraction (rnam par g/yeng pa, vikSepya).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/950  + (Azraddhya; non-faith; Comment: This is one … Azraddhya; non-faith; Comment: This is one of the twenty secondary afflictions (nye nyon nyi shu, upakleza): (1) belligerence (khro ba, krodha); (2) resentment ('khon 'dzin, upanAha); (3) concealment ('chab pa, mrakSa); (4) spite ('tshig pa, pradAsa); (5) jealousy (IrSyA); (6) miserliness (mAtsarya); (7) deceit (sgyu, mAyA); (8) dissimulation (g.yo, zAThya); (9) haughtiness (rgyags pa, mada); (10) harmfulness (rnam par 'tshe ba, vihiMsA); (11) non-shame (ngo tsha med pa, AhrIkya); (12) non-embarrassment (khrel med, anapatrApya); (13) lethargy (rmugs pa, styAna); (14) excitement (rgod pa, auddhatya); (15) Azraddhya (ma dad pa, Azraddhya); (16) laziness (le lo, kausIdya); (17) non-conscientiousness (bag med pa, pramAda); (18) forgetfulness (brjed nges pa, muSita-smRtitA); (19) non-introspection (shes bzhin ma yin pa, asaMprajanya); (20) distraction (rnam par g/yeng pa, vikSepya).istraction (rnam par g/yeng pa, vikSepya).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/166  + (Check definition (2nd half) is it 'grel or 'brel?? (T))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1780  + (Check entry. Is this the same as rnam par snang mdzad ? (T))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/914  + (Comment: A definition from Awareness and Knowledge is: a phenomenon that limited beings must realize definitively in dependence on a sign (tshur mthong rnams kyis thog mar rtags la brten nas nges par rtogs dgos pa'i chos).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/649  + (Comment: A state of purity brought about by the path rathan than a factor of natural purity (rang bzhin rnam dag gi cha).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/822  + (Comment: A subject marker in logical texts … Comment: A subject marker in logical texts. The first example given above is the definition of ldog chos phung sum tsam po ba (isolate-phenomenon-of-the-third-type), illustrations of which are dgag pa (negative phenomenon), dngos po'i spyi (generality-of-functioning-thing), etc.yi (generality-of-functioning-thing), etc.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/357  + (Comment: An equivalent of ultimate truth ( … Comment: An equivalent of ultimate truth (don dam bden pa, paramArthasatya) so called because meditation within observing it acts as a cause of the qualities (dharma, chos) of Superiors (Arya, 'phags pa)." Emptiness, being uncaused, is not itself a cause (element), but meditation on it causes the development of marvelous qualities; thus, emptiness comes to be called a cause, an element producing those qualities.use, an element producing those qualities.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1244  + (Comment: An illustration is desire ('dod c … Comment: An illustration is desire ('dod chags). There are six types of causes: fruitional cause (rnam smin gyi rgyu), co-arisen cause (lhan cig byung ba'i rgyu), creative cause (byed rgyu), cause of similar lot (skal mnyam gyi rgyu), omnipresent cause (kun 'gro'i rgyu), and associational cause (mtshungs ldan gyi rgyu).ociational cause (mtshungs ldan gyi rgyu).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1647  + (Comment: Definition of compounded phenomenon ('dus byas kyi chos).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1646  + (Comment: Definition of uncompounded phenomenon ('dus ma byas kyi chos).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1589  + (Comment: For a definition of person who is a collective/complete/holistic engager, see sgrub 'jug gi blo.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1587  + (Comment: For a definition, see sgro 'dogs.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1107  + (Comment: He is a Kalkha Mongolian Ge-luk-b … Comment: He is a Kalkha Mongolian Ge-luk-b#a who studied at both Go-mang and L#o-s#el-l#ing; author of Explanation of the Meaning of the Conventional and the Ultimate in the Four Tenet Systems (grub mtha' bzhi'i lugs kyi kun rdzob dang don dam pa'i don rnam par bshad pa) (New Delhi: Lama Guru Deva, 1972) and so forth Delhi: Lama Guru Deva, 1972) and so forth)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/285  + (Comment: He is said to be the student of Vasubandhu's student and from Magadha; he is not to be confused with the earlier A#ryavimuktasena (rnam grol sde) who was Vasubandhu's disciple.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/70  + (Comment: In Mind-Only, these are predispositions causing generation of the afflicted intellect(nyon yid, kliSTamanas) viewing the mind-basis-of-all (kun shes rnam shes, Alayavijnana) and thinking, "I.")
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/483  + (Comment: In the Mind-Only School, the thor … Comment: In the Mind-Only School, the thoroughly established nature is the final object of observation by a path of purification, and indeed such a path observes, or apprehends, it; however, despite the fact that phenomena such as chairs are objects of observation of a path of purification, they are not observed or apprehended by it — they are only bases with respect to which emptiness is realized. Hence, the term "object of observation" in this context, as it has come to used in Ge-luk-b#a scholarship, is somewhat misleading. The usage of the term " objects of observation" even for objects that are not being observed may have come from systems that hold that even during direction perception of emptiness the phenomena qualified by emptiness still appear; this is called "meditative equipoise with appearance" (mnyam bzhag snang bcas). D#zong-ka-b#a earlier in his life held this notion but then switched to the opinion that the objects qualified by emptiness do not appear during meditative equipoise (mnyam bzhag snang med). His own commentary (legs bshad gser 'phreng) on Maitreya's Ornament for Clear Realization reflects his earlier notion, whereas his student Gyel-tsap's commentary (rnam bzhad snying po rgyan) reflects his later view. snying po rgyan) reflects his later view.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1154  + (Comment: Jik-may-dam-chö-gya-tso explains that "vehicle" here means the scriptural collections of the Hearers, these being the Hearer vehicle as verbalizing words (rjod byed tshig gi theg pa).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1444  + (Comment: Jik-may-dam-chö-gya-tso takes thi … Comment: Jik-may-dam-chö-gya-tso takes this term to mean "object of observation that is purified [that is, devoid] of contamination" (zag bcas kyis rnam par dag pa'i lam gyi dmigs pa). However, other scholars more cogently take the term as referring to an object that is such that meditation upon it purifies obstructions. For instance, Jam-y#ang-shay-b#a, in speaking about the ultimate that is explicitly indicated at this point, qualifies the term "object of observation of purification" (rnam dag gi dmigs pa) with the phrase, "that which is such that, when it is observed and then is meditated upon, the obstructions to omniscience become purified" (gang la dmigs nas bsgom na shes sgrib dag par 'gyur ba).nas bsgom na shes sgrib dag par 'gyur ba).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/614  + (Comment: Ken-sur Nga-w#ang-lek-den etymolo … Comment: Ken-sur Nga-w#ang-lek-den etymologized this is "full-fall", i.e., one who is filled with the afflictions and has fallen into cyclic existence. As he said, this is not true of all persons, because even a Buddha, for instance, is a person. It is to be noted that animals, for instance, are persons. It is said that in general "self" (bdag, Atman) "person," and "I" (nga, ahaM) are equivalent, but in the particular context of the selflessness of persons "self" and "person" are not at all equivalent and do not at all have the same meaning. In the term "selflessness of persons," "self" refers to a falsely imagined status that needs to be refuted, whereas "persons" refers to existent beings who are the bases with respect to which that refutation is made. All four Buddhist schools, therefore, hold that persons exist; they do not claim that persons are mere fictions of ignorance. The schools hold differing opinions on the nature of the person. According to Ge-luk-b#a scholars, all except the Middle Way Consequence School posit something from within the bases of imputation of a person — usually either mind or the collection of mind and body — as being the person. In contrast, the Consequence School holds that, even though a person is imputed in dependence upon mind and body (in the Formless Realm, a person is imputed in dependence only on mind), the person is neither mind nor body nor a collection of mind and body, since it is just the I that is imputed in dependence upon mind and body. Following the lead of ChandrakIrti, recognized by most as the founder of the Consequence School, Ge-luk-b#a scholars identify how in the other schools some factor among the five aggregates (forms, feelings, discriminations, compositional factors, and consciousnesses) or the collection of them is considered to be the person when sought analytically from among its bases of imputation: the Proponents of the Great Exposition, in general, hold that the mere collection of the mental and physical aggregates is the person; however, some of the five SaMmitIya subschools of the Great Exposition School maintain that all five aggregates are the person (although the absurdity of one person being five persons would seem difficult not to notice) while another subschool, the Avantaka, asserts that the mind alone is the person; the SUtra School Following Scripture assert that the continuum of the aggregates is the person; the SUtra School Following Reasoning maintains that the mental consciousness is the person; the Mind-Only School Following Scripture holds that the mind-basis-of-all (kun gzhi rnam par shes pa, AlayavijJAna) is the person; the Mind-Only School Following Reasoning asserts that the mental consciousness is the person; both the Yogic Autonomy School and the SUtra Autonomy School assert that a subtle, neutral mental consciousness is the person. For the most part, the delineation of what these schools assert to be the person is a matter of conjecture and not reporting of forthright statements in these schools' own texts. Though it is clear that most of these schools (if not all) accept that persons exist, it is often not clear in their own literature that they assert that something from within the bases of imputation of a person is the person. Rather, as presented in Vasubandhu's commentary on the ninth chapter of his Treasury of Manifest Knowledge, persons are merely asserted to be "non-associated compositional factors" (ldan min 'du byed, viprayuktasaMskAra) and thus an instance of the fourth aggregate, compositional factors, without a specific identification — of any of the five aggregates that are a person's bases of imputation — as the person.son's bases of imputation — as the person.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/374  + (Comment: One in the triad of imputational … Comment: One in the triad of imputational form (kun brtags pa'i gzugs), imputed form (rnam par brtags pa'i gzugs), and form of reality (chos nyid kyi gzugs), the last meaning the reality of form in Ge-luk and noumenal form in Jo-nang. These three correspond to the three natures of a form: imputational nature, other-powered nature, and thoroughly established nature of a form.d thoroughly established nature of a form.)