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• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1923  + (see: [[yongs grub]]; [[yongs su grub pa'i mtshan nyid]])
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1922  + (see: [[yongs grub]]; [[yongs su grub pa'i mtshan nyid]])
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1926  + (see: [[yongs su grub pa]]; [[yongs grub]])
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1925  + (see: [[yongs su grub pa]]; [[yongs grub]])
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1269  + (see: rang rgyalComment: D#en-b#a-d#en-dzin explains (rang sangs rgyas) as meaning (rang gi don du sangs rgyas thob 'dod pa) "wanting to achieve buddhahood for one's own sake.")
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1235  + (self-isolate; one of the four types of iso … self-isolate; one of the four types of isolates; for others see: ldog paComment: The term "self-isolate" (rang ldog) is a similarly convenient way of referring just to the object itself, pot, and not any of illustrations, such as a copper pot, or its definition., such as a copper pot, or its definition.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1081  + (sign deity; Comment: This is the sixth of … sign deity; Comment: This is the sixth of six stages in deity yoga meditation in the Concentration Concentration Tantra (bsam gtan phyi ma, dhyAnottara), an Action Tantra: ultimate deity or emptiness deity or suchness deity (don dam pa'i lha, stong pa nyid kyi lha, de kho na nyid kyi lha); sound deity (sgra'i lha); letter deity (yi ge'i lha); form deity (gzugs kyi lha); seal deity (phyag rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1576  + (sound deity; Comment: This is the second o … sound deity; Comment: This is the second of six stages in deity yoga meditation in the Concentration Concentration Tantra (bsam gtan phyi ma, dhyAnottara), an Action Tantra: ultimate deity or emptiness deity or suchness deity (don dam pa'i lha, stong pa nyid kyi lha, de kho na nyid kyi lha); sound deity (sgra'i lha); letter deity (yi ge'i lha); form deity (gzugs kyi lha); seal deity (phyag rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1740  + (spyi'i mtshan nyid; Comment: This term is … spyi'i mtshan nyid; Comment: This term is used in two markedly different ways, generally characterized phenomenon and general character. Generally characterized phenomena (spyi mtshan) are solely permanent phenomena such as uncompounded space ('dus ma byas kyi nam mkha'). However, general characteristic, or general character, (spyi'i mtshan nyid) refers to a character of an object that is shared with other objects; for instance, impermanence is a general characteristic of consciousness (shes pa) and is also a general characteristic of form (gzugs). Similarly, specifically characterized phenomena (rang mtshan) are solely impermanent phenomena such as consciousness (shes pa) and form (gzugs), but the specific characteristic, or specific character, (rang gi mtshan nyid) of an object is its own definining character such as that which is luminous and knowing (gsal zhing rig pa), which is the definition of consciousness (shes pa), an impermanent phenomena; and the non-affirming negative which is a mere negation of obstructive contact (thogs reg bkag tsam gyi med dgag), which is the definition of uncompounded space, a permanent phenomena.uncompounded space, a permanent phenomena.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/436  + (suchness deity; Comment: This is the first … suchness deity; Comment: This is the first of six stages in deity yoga meditation in the Concentration Concentration Tantra (bsam gtan phyi ma, dhyAnottara), an Action Tantra: ultimate deity or emptiness deity or suchness deity (don dam pa'i lha, stong pa nyid kyi lha, de kho na nyid kyi lha); sound deity (sgra'i lha); letter deity (yi ge'i lha); form deity (gzugs kyi lha); seal deity (phyag rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1086  + (tamas; Comment: In SAmkhya this is one of … tamas; Comment: In SAmkhya this is one of the three material qualities (yon tan gsum, triguNa): lightness (snying stobs, sattva), 2) motility (rdul, rajas), 3) darkness (mun pa, tamas). Dzong-ka-ba's Great Exposition of Secret Mantra a passage cites a passage calling the three subtler consciousnesses preceding the mind of clear light according to the GuhyasamAja system sattva, rajas, and tamas.hyasamAja system sattva, rajas, and tamas.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1222  + (the presence of the reason in the subject -- one of the three modes (tshul gsum); in oral debate, this is expressed as: (1) plus (3) rtags grub)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/893  + (the third of the three wheels of doctrine, according to BJ; the others are: the wheel of doctrine of the four truths (bden bzhi chos 'khor); and the wheel of doctrine of non-entityness (ngo no nyid med pa'i chos 'khor))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/952  + (the two divisions of negative (dgag pa, pratiSedha))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1915  + (this implies inherent existence in the PrAsaGgika system)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/417  + (this is also the title of a work from: Cle … this is also the title of a work from: Clear Exposition of the Presentation of Tenets (grub pa'i mtha'i rnam par bzhag pa gsal bar bshad pa, PrAsaGgika-MAdhyamaka section), by Jang-gya Rol-bay-dor-jay (lcang skya rol pa'i rdo rje,1717-1786); translated with commentary by Jeffrey Hopkins, unpublished manuscriptby Jeffrey Hopkins, unpublished manuscript)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1931  + (this is always a non-existent; compare: yul can gyi dgag bya)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1123  + (three natures; Comment: The three natures are imputational natures (kun btags, parikalpita), other-powered natures (gzhan dbang, paratantra), and thoroughly established natures (yongs grub, pariniSpanna).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/37  + (through the force of taming; Comment: Jik- … through the force of taming; Comment: Jik-may-dam-chö-gya-tso reports that D#ra-d#i Ge-s#hay Rin-chen-dön-drup (pra sti dge bshes rin chen don grub) interprets "through the force of taming" as "through the force of taming trainees having the lineage of the Middle Way School by means of the literal reading" (gdul bya dbu ma pa'i rigs can sgras zin des 'dul ba'i dbang gis). However, Jik-may-dam-chö-gya-tso points out that D#zong-ka-b#a himself in the section on the Consequence School of the Essence of Eloquence glosses "through the force of taming" with "through the force of trainees' thought" (gdul bya'i bsam pa'i dbang gis). It seems to me that both interpretations are suitable.me that both interpretations are suitable.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1871  + (true establishment is one of the five objects of negation in the SvAtrantika system, and one of the eight in the PrAsaGgika system; for others see: [[dgag bya]])
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/514  + (ultimate deity; Comment: This is the first … ultimate deity; Comment: This is the first of six stages in deity yoga meditation in the Concentration Concentration Tantra (bsam gtan phyi ma, dhyAnottara), an Action Tantra: ultimate deity or emptiness deity or suchness deity (don dam pa'i lha, stong pa nyid kyi lha, de kho na nyid kyi lha); sound deity (sgra'i lha); letter deity (yi ge'i lha); form deity (gzugs kyi lha); seal deity (phyag rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).rgya'i lha); sign deity (mtshan ma'i lha).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/525  + (ultimate truths are understood in differen … ultimate truths are understood in different ways by the various Buddhist systems; see definition headingComment: The Sanskrit for "ultimate truth," paramArthasatya, is etymologized three ways within identifying parama as "highest" or "ultimate," artha as "object," and satya as "truth." In the first way, parama (highest, ultimate) refers to a consciousness of meditative equipoise directly realizing emptiness; artha (object) refers to the object of that consciousness, emptiness; and satya (truth) also refers to emptiness in that in direct perception emptiness appears the way it exists; that is, there is no discrepancy between the mode of appearance and the mode of being. In this interpretation, a paramArthasatya is a "truth-that-is-an-object-of-the-highest-consciousness." In the second way, both parama (highest, ultimate) and artha (object) refer to a consciousness of meditative equipoise directly realizing emptiness in that, in the broadest meaning of "object," both objects and subjects are objects, and a consciousness of meditative equipoise directly realizing emptiness is the highest consciousness and thus highest object; satya (truth), as before, refers to emptiness. In this second interpretation, a paramArthasatya is an emptiness that exists the way it appears to a highest consciousness, a "truth-of-a-highest-object." In the third etymology, all three parts refer to emptiness in that an emptiness is the highest (the ultimate) and is also an object and a truth, a "truth-that-is-the-highest-object." ChandrakIrti, the chief Consequentialist, favors the third etymology in his Clear Wordsors the third etymology in his Clear Words)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1959  + (union; Comment: This is the sixth of the s … union; Comment: This is the sixth of the six stages of the completion stage in the GuhyasamAja system of Highest Yoga Tanta: physical isolation (lus dben), verbal isolation (ngag dben), mental isolation (sems dben), illusory body (sgyus lus), clear light ('od gsal), union (zung 'jug).clear light ('od gsal), union (zung 'jug).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1652  + (utpattiniHsvabhAvatA; Comment: This is one … utpattiniHsvabhAvatA; Comment: This is one of the three non-natures: character-non-nature (mtshan nyid ngo bo nyid med pa, utpattiniHsvabhAvatA); production-non-nature (skye ba ngo bo nyid med pa, utpattiniHsvabhAvatA); ultimate-non-nature (don dam pa ngo bo nyid med pa, paramArthaniHsvabhAvatA). bo nyid med pa, paramArthaniHsvabhAvatA).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1651  + (utpattiniHsvabhAvatA; Comment: This is one … utpattiniHsvabhAvatA; Comment: This is one of the three non-natures: character-non-nature (mtshan nyid ngo bo nyid med pa, utpattiniHsvabhAvatA); production-non-nature (skye ba ngo bo nyid med pa, utpattiniHsvabhAvatA); ultimate-non-nature (don dam pa ngo bo nyid med pa, paramArthaniHsvabhAvatA). bo nyid med pa, paramArthaniHsvabhAvatA).)

• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1249  + (one of the eight objects of negation in the PrAsaGgika system; for others see: [[dgag bya]]; compare: [[rang gi mtshan nyid kyis grub pa]], established by way of its own character)

• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1071  + ((PH) too many synonymsComment: A "definiti … (PH) too many synonymsComment: A "definition" in this the Mind-Only system is not a verbal description; it is the actual object, viewed in one way as being the meaning (don, artha) whereas the definiendum is the name (ming, nAma). In another way, the definition is viewed as a "defining property" that characterizes an object. (PH) added M-O to note. Check. Exclusive view of M-O?M-O to note. Check. Exclusive view of M-O?)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/223  + (??? compare with: rjod byed kyi sgra ??? (PH))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1504  + (Check English. cf. du ma nyid ma yin (T))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1705  + (Check. Entry originally had: shin rje'i bdag nyid (T))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/990  + (Comment: (GD:119) One of DharmakIrti's fou … Comment: (GD:119) One of DharmakIrti's four criteria for specifically characterized phenomena. The others are: (1) having the power to produce effects (don byed nus pa), (3) not directly denotable by language (sgra'i yul ma yin), (4) apprehensible without reliance on other factors (rgyu mtshan ?????????)e on other factors (rgyu mtshan ?????????))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/914  + (Comment: A definition from Awareness and Knowledge is: a phenomenon that limited beings must realize definitively in dependence on a sign (tshur mthong rnams kyis thog mar rtags la brten nas nges par rtogs dgos pa'i chos).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/671  + (Comment: A non-Buddhist school renowned in … Comment: A non-Buddhist school renowned in Buddhist texts as the precursor of all Indian systems and so called due to the belief that liberation can be gained through thoroughly understanding the enumeration of twenty-five categories of objects of knowledge which principally involves distinguishing between mind and twentt-four categories of matter.mind and twentt-four categories of matter.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1352  + (Comment: A non-conceptual ultimate conscio … Comment: A non-conceptual ultimate consciousness is one of meditative equipoise in which a yogi directly realizes emptiness, whereas a conceptual ultimate consciousness is one that realizes emptiness through the medium of a conceptual image. Both are called "reasoning consciousnesses" most likely because they are generated from having analyzed with reasoning to determine whether an object exists in accordance with (in the Mind-Only system) the superimposition of the imputational nature. (PH) qualification "in M-O" added. needed?(PH) qualification "in M-O" added. needed?)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/649  + (Comment: A state of purity brought about by the path rathan than a factor of natural purity (rang bzhin rnam dag gi cha).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/822  + (Comment: A subject marker in logical texts … Comment: A subject marker in logical texts. The first example given above is the definition of ldog chos phung sum tsam po ba (isolate-phenomenon-of-the-third-type), illustrations of which are dgag pa (negative phenomenon), dngos po'i spyi (generality-of-functioning-thing), etc.yi (generality-of-functioning-thing), etc.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/73  + (Comment: A syncretic system propounded by Dol-b#o-b#a S#hay-rap-gyel-tsen. Synonyms include Ultimate Mind-Only (don dam pa'i sems tsam), Final Mind-Only (mthar thug gi sems tsam), and Great Middle Way (dbu ma chen po).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/515  + (Comment: A syncretic system propounded by Dol-b#o-b#a S#hay-rap-gyel-tsen. Synonyms include Great Middle Way (dbu ma chen po), Final Mind-Only (mthar thug gi sems tsam), and Supramundane Mind-Only ('jig rten las 'das pa'i sems tsam).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1062  + (Comment: A syncretic system propounded by Dol-b#o-b#a S#hay-rap-gyel-tsen. Synonyms include Ultimate Mind-Only (don dam pa'i sems tsam), Great Middle Way (dbu ma chen po), and Supramundane Mind-Only ('jig rten las 'das pa'i sems tsam).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/415  + (Comment: A syncretic system propounded by … Comment: A syncretic system propounded by Dol-b#o-b#a S#hay-rap-gyel-tsen. Synonyms include Ultimate Mind-Only (don dam pa'i sems tsam), Final Mind-Only (mthar thug gi sems tsam), and Supramundane Mind-Only ('jig rten las 'das pa'i sems tsam). (PH) added this note here & in synonyms. check added this note here & in synonyms. check)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/89  + (Comment: An instance of this is a sense co … Comment: An instance of this is a sense consciousness to which, in dependence upon the eyes [which are the basis of an eye consciousness] being affected by opthamalia, one moon appears as two (mig rab rib kyis bslad pa la brten nas zla gcig zla gnyis su snang ba'i dbang shes). This is one of the seven types of facsimiles of direct perception (mngon sum ltar snang): mistaken conceptions ('khrul ba'i rtog pa), conventional conceptions (kun rdzob kyi rtog pa), inferential conceptions (rjes dpag gi rtog pa), conceptions arisen from inference (rjes dpag las byung ba'i rtog pa), memory conceptions (dran pa'i rtog pa), wishing conceptions (mngon 'dod kyi rtog pa), and non-conceptual facsimilies of direct perception (rtog med mngon sum ltar snang). Among these, this is one of the four non-conceptual facsimiles check Kathy: bogus/fake? of direct perception which are sense consciousnesses (dbang shes su gyur pa'i rtog med mngon sum ltar snang). gyur pa'i rtog med mngon sum ltar snang).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/467  + (Comment: Arhan/ arhant (dgra bcom pa) is t … Comment: Arhan/ arhant (dgra bcom pa) is translated as "Foe Destroyer" to accord with the usual Tibetan translation of the term and to assist in capturing the flavor of oral and written traditions that frequently refer to this etymology. Arhats have overcome the foe which is the afflictive emotions (nyon mongs, kleza), the chief of which is ignorance, the conception (according to the Consequence School) that persons and phenomena are established by way of their own character.\n The Indian and Tibetan translators were also aware of the etymology of arhant as "worthy one," as they translated the name of the "founder" of the Jaina system, Arhat, as mchod 'od "Worthy of Worship" (see Jam-y#ang-shay-b#a's Great Exposition of Tenets, ka, 62a.3). Also, they were aware of ChandrakIrti's gloss of the term as "Worthy One" in his Clear Words: "Because of being worthy of worship by the world of gods, humans, and demi-gods, they are called Arhats" (sadevamAnuøAsurAl lokAt pUnArhatvAd arhannityuchyate [Poussin, 486.5], lha dang mi dang lha ma yin du bcas pa'i 'jig rten gyis mchod par 'os pas dgra bcom pa zhes brjod la [P5260, vol. 98 75.2.2]). Also, they were aware of Haribhadra's twofold etymology in his Illumination of the Eight Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom SUtra. In the context of the list of epithets qualifying the retinue of Buddha at the beginning of the sUtra (see Unrai Wogihara, ed., AbhisamayAla™kArAlokA PrajJA-pAramitA-vyAkhyA, The Work of Haribhadra [Tokyo: The Toyo Bunko, 1932-5; reprint ed., Tokyo: Sankibo Buddhist Book Store, 1973], 8.18), Haribhadra says, "They are called arhant [=Worthy One, from root arh 'to be worthy'] since they are worthy of worship, religious donations, and being assembled together in a group, etc." (W9.8-9: sarva evAtra pUjA-dakøi˜A-ga˜a-parikarøAdy-Arhatayar-han-taH; P5189, 67.5.7: 'dir thams cad kyang mchod pa dang // yon dang tshogs su 'dub la sogs par 'os pas na dgra bcom pa'o).\nAlso, "They are called arhant [= Foe Destroyer, arihan] because they have destroyed (hata) the foe (ari)."\n(W10.18: hatAritvAd arhantaH; P5189, 69.3.6. dgra rnams bcom pas na dgra bcom pa'o). Thus, this is a considered preference in the face of alternative etymologies—"Foe Destroyer" requiring a not unusual i infix to make ari-han, ari meaning enemy and han meaning to kill, and thus "Foe Destroyer." Unfortunately, one word in English cannot convey both this meaning and "Worthy of Worship"; thus, I have gone with what clearly has become the predominant meaning in Tibet. (For an excellent discussion of the two etymologies of "Arhat" in Buddhism and Jainism, see L.M. Joshi's "Facets of Jaina Religiousness in Comparative Light," L.D. Series 85, [Ahmedabad: L.D. Institute of Indology, May 1981], 53-58). Institute of Indology, May 1981], 53-58).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1304  + (Comment: By extension, distraction to hated, neutral, or even other virttous objects is included in the term.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1109  + (Comment: Compare drang don.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1112  + (Comment: Compare drang don.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/821  + (Comment: Compare rang khyim.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/503  + (Comment: Dol-b#o-b#a S#hay-rap-gyel-tsen e … Comment: Dol-b#o-b#a S#hay-rap-gyel-tsen explains that this means the emptiness that is the ultimate nature which is the opposite of non-entities, or conventionalities (kun rdzob las bzlog pa don dam pa'i ngo bo nyid). Non-entities here are imputational natures which include other-powered natures and thus are all conventionalities. In Ge-luk-b#a explanations, this emptiness is the emptiness of the nature of non-entities, that is to say, the emptiness of the inherent existence of non-things, or non-products. existence of non-things, or non-products.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/879  + (Comment: Examples of this include wide cat … Comment: Examples of this include wide categories which cannot be tied down to being just matter or just consciousness, such as thing (dngos po), specifically characterized phenomenon (rang mtshan), that which is able to perform a function (don byed nus pa).e to perform a function (don byed nus pa).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/922  + (Comment: From within objects and subjects, the translation for objects is "unreal conventionality"; for subjects it is "incorrect conventionality.")
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1869  + (Comment: From within objects and subjects, the translation for objects is "real conventionality"; for subjects it is "correct conventionality.")
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/923  + (Comment: From within objects and subjects, the translation for objects is "unreal conventional truth"; for subjects it is "incorrect conventional truth.")