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List of results

• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1713  + (one of five types of exalted wisdom—a division of a Great Vehicle path of no more learning (T))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/9  + (one of the Seven Treatises on Prime Cognition)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/36  + (one of the five main divisions of study in … one of the five main divisions of study in Tibetan Ge-luk-ba monasteries; the others are: valid cognition (tshad ma, pramANa); perfection of wisdom (phar phyin, prajJA-pAramitA); the middle way school (dbu ma, mAdhyamaka); and the Compendium of Knowledge (chos mngon mdzod, abhidharma-koza)wledge (chos mngon mdzod, abhidharma-koza))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/973  + (one of the four main Buddhist tenet systems, according to the Ge-luk-ba school)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/42  + (one of the four seals (that determine whether a doctrine is Buddhist, the phyag rgya bzhi); for others see: [[phyag rgya]])
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/26  + (one of the three realms in Buddhist cosmology; the others are: form realm (gzugs khams, rUpa-dhAtu); and formless realm (gzugs med khams, arUpya-dhAtu))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/742  + (one of the three realms in Buddhist cosmology; the others are: the form realm (gzugs khams, rUpa-dhAtu) and the desire realm ('dod khams, kAma-dhAtu))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/736  + (one of the three realms in Buddhist cosmology; the others are: the formless realm (gzugs med khams, arUpya-dhAtu) and the desire realm ('dod khams, kAma-dhAtu))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/28  + (one of the three realms in Buddhist cosmology; the others are: the form realm (gzugs khams, rUpa-dhAtu) and the formless realm (gzugs med khams, arUpya-dhAtu))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1237  + (one of the three types of Buddhist practitioner; the others are: Hearers (nyan thos, zrAvaka); and MahAyAnists (theg chen pa))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/398  + (one of the two divisions of consciousness (shes pa); the other is mental cognition (yid shes))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/989  + (p.n. of the author of the Commentary on the Precious Garland (ratnAvalI-TIkA, rin po che'i phreng ba'i rgya cher bshad pa), P. 5659, vol. 129)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/902  + (p.n. of the author of the PramANavArttikapaJjikA)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/103  + (p.n. of the great MAdyamaka philosopher)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/143  + (phlegm; Comment: This is one of the three … phlegm; Comment: This is one of the three problematics (nyes pa; doza), often mistranslated as "humours," but the "humours" are fluids as in the four elemental fluids of the body--blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile. In Buddhist medicine the three problematics, which, when in balance, promote health and, when imbalanced, promote disease, are wind (rlung), bile (mkhris pa), and phlegm (pad kan).), bile (mkhris pa), and phlegm (pad kan).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1281  + (rajas; Comment: In SAmkhya this is one of … rajas; Comment: In SAmkhya this is one of the three material qualities (yon tan gsum, triguNa): lightness (snying stobs, sattva), 2) motility (rdul, rajas), 3) darkness (mun pa, tamas). Dzong-ka-ba's Great Exposition of Secret Mantra a passage cites a passage calling the three subtler consciousnesses preceding the mind of clear light according to the GuhyasamAja system sattva, rajas, and tamas.hyasamAja system sattva, rajas, and tamas.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1704  + (sattva; Comment: In SAmkhya this is one of … sattva; Comment: In SAmkhya this is one of the three material qualities (yon tan gsum, triguNa): lightness (snying stobs, sattva), 2) motility (rdul, rajas), 3) darkness (mun pa, tamas). Dzong-ka-ba's Great Exposition of Secret Mantra a passage cites a passage calling the three subtler consciousnesses preceding the mind of clear light according to the GuhyasamAja system sattva, rajas, and tamas.hyasamAja system sattva, rajas, and tamas.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1086  + (tamas; Comment: In SAmkhya this is one of … tamas; Comment: In SAmkhya this is one of the three material qualities (yon tan gsum, triguNa): lightness (snying stobs, sattva), 2) motility (rdul, rajas), 3) darkness (mun pa, tamas). Dzong-ka-ba's Great Exposition of Secret Mantra a passage cites a passage calling the three subtler consciousnesses preceding the mind of clear light according to the GuhyasamAja system sattva, rajas, and tamas.hyasamAja system sattva, rajas, and tamas.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1344  + (the mountain which is at the center of the universe in traditional Buddhist cosmology)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/974  + (these are the three baskets (tripiTaka) of the Buddhist canon)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/972  + (these are the three baskets (tripiTaka) of the Buddhist canon)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/896  + (this is a way for an author to express a personal opinion)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/298  + (this reflects Dzong-ka-ba's idea that the Compendium of Ascertainments was intended as a companion work with the Bodhisattva Grounds)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1848  + (two modes; the two systems; Comment: Gung- … two modes; the two systems; Comment: Gung-tang takes "two modes" (tshul gnyis) as referring to two different great ways of positing what requires interpretation and what is definitive — as found in two modes of the Middle Way School and the Mind-Only School for commenting on the final thought of the Perfection of Wisdom SUtras.hought of the Perfection of Wisdom SUtras.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/525  + (ultimate truths are understood in differen … ultimate truths are understood in different ways by the various Buddhist systems; see definition headingComment: The Sanskrit for "ultimate truth," paramArthasatya, is etymologized three ways within identifying parama as "highest" or "ultimate," artha as "object," and satya as "truth." In the first way, parama (highest, ultimate) refers to a consciousness of meditative equipoise directly realizing emptiness; artha (object) refers to the object of that consciousness, emptiness; and satya (truth) also refers to emptiness in that in direct perception emptiness appears the way it exists; that is, there is no discrepancy between the mode of appearance and the mode of being. In this interpretation, a paramArthasatya is a "truth-that-is-an-object-of-the-highest-consciousness." In the second way, both parama (highest, ultimate) and artha (object) refer to a consciousness of meditative equipoise directly realizing emptiness in that, in the broadest meaning of "object," both objects and subjects are objects, and a consciousness of meditative equipoise directly realizing emptiness is the highest consciousness and thus highest object; satya (truth), as before, refers to emptiness. In this second interpretation, a paramArthasatya is an emptiness that exists the way it appears to a highest consciousness, a "truth-of-a-highest-object." In the third etymology, all three parts refer to emptiness in that an emptiness is the highest (the ultimate) and is also an object and a truth, a "truth-that-is-the-highest-object." ChandrakIrti, the chief Consequentialist, favors the third etymology in his Clear Wordsors the third etymology in his Clear Words)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/934  + (videha; Comment: This is one of the eight … videha; Comment: This is one of the eight smaller continents of Buddhist cosmology (gling phran brgyad) that, two each, are next to four large continents: In the center, is the monarch of mountains, ri rab (meru). The four continents and eight smaller continents are (1) shar lus 'phags po (videha), the eastern continent "land of [those with] superior/large bodies" with lus (deha) and lus 'phags (videha); (2) lho 'dzam bu gling (jambudvIpa), the southern continent "Jambu-tree land" with rnga yab (cAmara) and rnga yab gzhan (aparacAmara); (3) nub ba blang spyod (godanIya) the western continent "land of using cattle" with g.yo ldan (sAthA) and lam mchog 'gro (uttaramantriNa); (4) byang sgra mi snyan (kuru), the northern continent "land of unpleasant sound" with sgra mi snyan (kurava) and sgra mi snyan kyi zla (kaurava). Surrounding all of these is an outer rim of iron mountains.f these is an outer rim of iron mountains.)

• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1223  + (p.n. of the great Buddhist philosopher, author of the Compendium of Valid Cognition (pramANa-samuccaya))
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1225  + (p.n. of the great Buddhist philosopher, author of the Compendium of Valid Cognition (pramANa-samuccaya))

• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/45  + ('dzam bu gling; Comment: In Buddhist cosmo … 'dzam bu gling; Comment: In Buddhist cosmology there are four large continents, each of which has two smaller continents (gling phran brgyad) next to it: In the center, is the monarch of mountains, ri rab (meru). The four continents and eight smaller continents are (1) shar lus 'phags po (videha), the eastern continent "land of [those with] superior/large bodies" with lus (deha) and lus 'phags (videha); (2) lho 'dzam bu gling (jambudvIpa), the southern continent "Jambu-tree land" with rnga yab (cAmara) and rnga yab gzhan (aparacAmara); (3) nub ba blang spyod (godanIya) the western continent "land of using cattle" with g.yo ldan (sAthA) and lam mchog 'gro (uttaramantriNa); (4) byang sgra mi snyan (kuru), the northern continent "land of unpleasant sound" with sgra mi snyan (kurava) and sgra mi snyan kyi zla (kaurava). Surrounding all of these is an outer rim of iron mountains.f these is an outer rim of iron mountains.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/911  + ('dzam bu gling; Comment: In Buddhist cosmo … 'dzam bu gling; Comment: In Buddhist cosmology there are four large continents, each of which has two smaller continents (gling phran brgyad) next to it: In the center, is the monarch of mountains, ri rab (meru). The four continents and eight smaller continents are (1) shar lus 'phags po (videha), the eastern continent "land of [those with] superior/large bodies" with lus (deha) and lus 'phags (videha); (2) lho 'dzam bu gling (jambudvIpa), the southern continent "Jambu-tree land" with rnga yab (cAmara) and rnga yab gzhan (aparacAmara); (3) nub ba blang spyod (godanIya) the western continent "land of using cattle" with g.yo ldan (sAthA) and lam mchog 'gro (uttaramantriNa); (4) byang sgra mi snyan (kuru), the northern continent "land of unpleasant sound" with sgra mi snyan (kurava) and sgra mi snyan kyi zla (kaurava). Surrounding all of these is an outer rim of iron mountains.f these is an outer rim of iron mountains.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/287  + ((PH) English sounds a little weird. Shouldn't that be "pot unobserved by valid cognition"?)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/517  + ((PH) does "ultimate" here refer to "Mahayana" Abhidharma? if so, add "[of the Great Vehicle]" to Eng. equiv?)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/176  + (Bliss-Arising; Comment: also known as mahe … Bliss-Arising; Comment: also known as mahezvara or ziva. Gung-tang reports that Maheshvara (Great Lord) is called "Bliss-Arising" not because he himself becomes blissful in dependence upon the goddess Uma but because his body is so supremely satisfying that when others see it, all virtues, including liberation, as well as temporary happiness arise. This is why Maheshvara is called a source of joy. why Maheshvara is called a source of joy.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1846  + (Comment: A Nihilist school of Indian philosophy, represented by JayarAzi BhaTTa, author of the Tattvopalava-siMha. Caru means "beautiful." See rgyang phan pa.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1852  + (Comment: A Nihilist school of Indian philosophy, represented by JayarAzi BhaTTa, author of the Tattvopalava-siMha. Caru means "beautiful." See rgyang phan pa.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/671  + (Comment: A non-Buddhist school renowned in … Comment: A non-Buddhist school renowned in Buddhist texts as the precursor of all Indian systems and so called due to the belief that liberation can be gained through thoroughly understanding the enumeration of twenty-five categories of objects of knowledge which principally involves distinguishing between mind and twentt-four categories of matter.mind and twentt-four categories of matter.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/515  + (Comment: A syncretic system propounded by Dol-b#o-b#a S#hay-rap-gyel-tsen. Synonyms include Great Middle Way (dbu ma chen po), Final Mind-Only (mthar thug gi sems tsam), and Supramundane Mind-Only ('jig rten las 'das pa'i sems tsam).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/73  + (Comment: A syncretic system propounded by Dol-b#o-b#a S#hay-rap-gyel-tsen. Synonyms include Ultimate Mind-Only (don dam pa'i sems tsam), Final Mind-Only (mthar thug gi sems tsam), and Great Middle Way (dbu ma chen po).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1062  + (Comment: A syncretic system propounded by Dol-b#o-b#a S#hay-rap-gyel-tsen. Synonyms include Ultimate Mind-Only (don dam pa'i sems tsam), Great Middle Way (dbu ma chen po), and Supramundane Mind-Only ('jig rten las 'das pa'i sems tsam).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/851  + (Comment: An instance is an inferential cog … Comment: An instance is an inferential cognition which realizes that sound is impermanent (sgra mi rtag rtogs kyi rjes dpag). This is one of the seven types of facsimiles of direct perception (mngon sum ltar snang): mistaken conceptions ('khrul ba'i rtog pa), conventional conceptions (kun rdzob kyi rtog pa), inferential conceptions (rjes dpag gi rtog pa), conceptions arisen from inference (rjes dpag las byung ba'i rtog pa), memory conceptions (dran pa'i rtog pa), wishing conceptions (mngon 'dod kyi rtog pa), and non-conceptual facsimilies of direct perception (rtog med mngon sum ltar snang).erception (rtog med mngon sum ltar snang).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/467  + (Comment: Arhan/ arhant (dgra bcom pa) is t … Comment: Arhan/ arhant (dgra bcom pa) is translated as "Foe Destroyer" to accord with the usual Tibetan translation of the term and to assist in capturing the flavor of oral and written traditions that frequently refer to this etymology. Arhats have overcome the foe which is the afflictive emotions (nyon mongs, kleza), the chief of which is ignorance, the conception (according to the Consequence School) that persons and phenomena are established by way of their own character.\n The Indian and Tibetan translators were also aware of the etymology of arhant as "worthy one," as they translated the name of the "founder" of the Jaina system, Arhat, as mchod 'od "Worthy of Worship" (see Jam-y#ang-shay-b#a's Great Exposition of Tenets, ka, 62a.3). Also, they were aware of ChandrakIrti's gloss of the term as "Worthy One" in his Clear Words: "Because of being worthy of worship by the world of gods, humans, and demi-gods, they are called Arhats" (sadevamAnuøAsurAl lokAt pUnArhatvAd arhannityuchyate [Poussin, 486.5], lha dang mi dang lha ma yin du bcas pa'i 'jig rten gyis mchod par 'os pas dgra bcom pa zhes brjod la [P5260, vol. 98 75.2.2]). Also, they were aware of Haribhadra's twofold etymology in his Illumination of the Eight Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom SUtra. In the context of the list of epithets qualifying the retinue of Buddha at the beginning of the sUtra (see Unrai Wogihara, ed., AbhisamayAla™kArAlokA PrajJA-pAramitA-vyAkhyA, The Work of Haribhadra [Tokyo: The Toyo Bunko, 1932-5; reprint ed., Tokyo: Sankibo Buddhist Book Store, 1973], 8.18), Haribhadra says, "They are called arhant [=Worthy One, from root arh 'to be worthy'] since they are worthy of worship, religious donations, and being assembled together in a group, etc." (W9.8-9: sarva evAtra pUjA-dakøi˜A-ga˜a-parikarøAdy-Arhatayar-han-taH; P5189, 67.5.7: 'dir thams cad kyang mchod pa dang // yon dang tshogs su 'dub la sogs par 'os pas na dgra bcom pa'o).\nAlso, "They are called arhant [= Foe Destroyer, arihan] because they have destroyed (hata) the foe (ari)."\n(W10.18: hatAritvAd arhantaH; P5189, 69.3.6. dgra rnams bcom pas na dgra bcom pa'o). Thus, this is a considered preference in the face of alternative etymologies—"Foe Destroyer" requiring a not unusual i infix to make ari-han, ari meaning enemy and han meaning to kill, and thus "Foe Destroyer." Unfortunately, one word in English cannot convey both this meaning and "Worthy of Worship"; thus, I have gone with what clearly has become the predominant meaning in Tibet. (For an excellent discussion of the two etymologies of "Arhat" in Buddhism and Jainism, see L.M. Joshi's "Facets of Jaina Religiousness in Comparative Light," L.D. Series 85, [Ahmedabad: L.D. Institute of Indology, May 1981], 53-58). Institute of Indology, May 1981], 53-58).)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1532  + (Comment: Dol-b#o-b#a S#hay-rap-gyel-tsen r … Comment: Dol-b#o-b#a S#hay-rap-gyel-tsen refers to these three as the quintessential instructions of tenth grounders. These are KalkI PuNDarIka's (rigs ldan pad ma dkar po) Great Commentary on the "KAlachakra Tantra": Stainless Light (bsdus pa'i rgyud kyi rgyal po dus kyi 'khor lo'i 'grel bshad rtsa ba'i rgyud kyi rjes su 'jug pa stong phrag bcu gnyis pa dri ma med pa'i 'od ces bya ba, vimAlaprabhAnAmamUlatantrAnusAriNIdvAdazasAhasrikAlaghukAlacakratantrarAjaTIkA), Peking 2064, vol. 46; Vajragarbha's (rdo rje snying po) Commentary on the Condensation of the Hevajra Tantra (kye'i rdo rje bsdus pa'i don gyi rgya cher 'grel pa, hevajrapiNDArthaTIkA), Peking 2310, vol. 53; and VajrapANi's (phyag na rdo rje) Meaning Commentary on the CakrasaMvara Tantra. The latter two commentaries are done in the manner of the KAlachakra Tantra, that is to say, through the grid of the teachings in the KAlachakra.e grid of the teachings in the KAlachakra.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1770  + (Comment: Gung-tang makes an important dist … Comment: Gung-tang makes an important distinction between thabs (upAya) as compassion and thabs (upAya) as skillful means used to lead trainees by way of various techniques; he speaks from a tradition that distinguishes these two. It appears that in many Great Vehicle traditions, especially in East Asia, the two are conflated.ially in East Asia, the two are conflated.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1107  + (Comment: He is a Kalkha Mongolian Ge-luk-b … Comment: He is a Kalkha Mongolian Ge-luk-b#a who studied at both Go-mang and L#o-s#el-l#ing; author of Explanation of the Meaning of the Conventional and the Ultimate in the Four Tenet Systems (grub mtha' bzhi'i lugs kyi kun rdzob dang don dam pa'i don rnam par bshad pa) (New Delhi: Lama Guru Deva, 1972) and so forth Delhi: Lama Guru Deva, 1972) and so forth)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1548  + (Comment: Important Indian figure in MahAyoga and Yoga Tantra lineages. Author of the famous B#ar-kap (spar khab) commentary on the Guhyagarbha Tantra.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1549  + (Comment: Important Indian figure in MahAyoga and Yoga Tantra lineages. Author of the famous B#ar-kap (spar khab) commentary on the Guhyagarbha Tantra.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1130  + (Comment: In Buddhist cosmology there are f … Comment: In Buddhist cosmology there are four large continents, each of which has two smaller continents (gling phran brgyad) next to it: In the center, is the monarch of mountains, ri rab (meru). The four continents and eight smaller continents are (1) shar lus 'phags po (videha), the eastern continent "land of [those with] superior/large bodies" with lus (deha) and lus 'phags (videha); (2) lho 'dzam bu gling (jambudvIpa), the southern continent "Jambu-tree land" with rnga yab (cAmara) and rnga yab gzhan (aparacAmara); (3) nub ba blang spyod (godanIya) the western continent "land of using cattle" with g.yo ldan (sAthA) and lam mchog 'gro (uttaramantriNa); (4) byang sgra mi snyan (kuru), the northern continent "land of unpleasant sound" with sgra mi snyan (kurava) and sgra mi snyan kyi zla (kaurava). Surrounding all of these is an outer rim of iron mountains.f these is an outer rim of iron mountains.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/142  + (Comment: In Buddhist cosmology there are f … Comment: In Buddhist cosmology there are four large continents, each of which has two smaller continents (gling phran brgyad) next to it: In the center, is the monarch of mountains, ri rab (meru). The four continents and eight smaller continents are (1) shar lus 'phags po (videha), the eastern continent "land of [those with] superior/large bodies" with lus (deha) and lus 'phags (videha); (2) lho 'dzam bu gling (jambudvIpa), the southern continent "Jambu-tree land" with rnga yab (cAmara) and rnga yab gzhan (aparacAmara); (3) nub ba blang spyod (godanIya) the western continent "land of using cattle" with g.yo ldan (sAthA) and lam mchog 'gro (uttaramantriNa); (4) byang sgra mi snyan (kuru), the northern continent "land of unpleasant sound" with sgra mi snyan (kurava) and sgra mi snyan kyi zla (kaurava). Surrounding all of these is an outer rim of iron mountains.f these is an outer rim of iron mountains.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/299  + (Comment: In Buddhist cosmology there are f … Comment: In Buddhist cosmology there are four large continents, each of which has two smaller continents (gling phran brgyad) next to it: In the center, is the monarch of mountains, ri rab (meru). The four continents and eight smaller continents are (1) shar lus 'phags po (videha), the eastern continent "land of [those with] superior/large bodies" with lus (deha) and lus 'phags (videha); (2) lho 'dzam bu gling (jambudvIpa), the southern continent "Jambu-tree land" with rnga yab (cAmara) and rnga yab gzhan (aparacAmara); (3) nub ba blang spyod (godanIya) the western continent "land of using cattle" with g.yo ldan (sAthA) and lam mchog 'gro (uttaramantriNa); (4) byang sgra mi snyan (kuru), the northern continent "land of unpleasant sound" with sgra mi snyan (kurava) and sgra mi snyan kyi zla (kaurava). Surrounding all of these is an outer rim of iron mountains.f these is an outer rim of iron mountains.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/644  + (Comment: In Buddhist cosmology there are e … Comment: In Buddhist cosmology there are eight smaller continents (gling phran brgyad) that, two each, are next to four large continents: In the center, is the monarch of mountains, ri rab (meru). The four continents and eight smaller continents are (1) shar lus 'phags po (videha), the eastern continent "land of [those with] superior/large bodies" with lus (deha) and lus 'phags (videha); (2) lho 'dzam bu gling (jambudvIpa), the southern continent "Jambu-tree land" with rnga yab (cAmara) and rnga yab gzhan (aparacAmara); (3) nub ba blang spyod (godanIya) the western continent "land of using cattle" with g.yo ldan (sAthA) and lam mchog 'gro (uttaramantriNa); (4) byang sgra mi snyan (kuru), the northern continent "land of unpleasant sound" with sgra mi snyan (kurava) and sgra mi snyan kyi zla (kaurava). Surrounding all of these is an outer rim of iron mountains.f these is an outer rim of iron mountains.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/939  + (Comment: In Buddhist cosmology there are f … Comment: In Buddhist cosmology there are four large continents, each of which has two smaller continents (gling phran brgyad) next to it: In the center, is the monarch of mountains, ri rab (meru). The four continents and eight smaller continents are (1) shar lus 'phags po (videha), the eastern continent "land of [those with] superior/large bodies" with lus (deha) and lus 'phags (videha); (2) lho 'dzam bu gling (jambudvIpa), the southern continent "Jambu-tree land" with rnga yab (cAmara) and rnga yab gzhan (aparacAmara); (3) nub ba blang spyod (godanIya) the western continent "land of using cattle" with g.yo ldan (sAthA) and lam mchog 'gro (uttaramantriNa); (4) byang sgra mi snyan (kuru), the northern continent "land of unpleasant sound" with sgra mi snyan (kurava) and sgra mi snyan kyi zla (kaurava). Surrounding all of these is an outer rim of iron mountains.f these is an outer rim of iron mountains.)
• Steinert App Dictionaries/06-Hopkins-Comment/1607  + (Comment: In Buddhist cosmology there are f … Comment: In Buddhist cosmology there are four large continents, each of which has two smaller continents (gling phran brgyad) next to it: In the center, is the monarch of mountains, ri rab (meru). The four continents and eight smaller continents are (1) shar lus 'phags po (videha), the eastern continent "land of [those with] superior/large bodies" with lus (deha) and lus 'phags (videha); (2) lho 'dzam bu gling (jambudvIpa), the southern continent "Jambu-tree land" with rnga yab (cAmara) and rnga yab gzhan (aparacAmara); (3) nub ba blang spyod (godanIya) the western continent "land of using cattle" with g.yo ldan (sAthA) and lam mchog 'gro (uttaramantriNa); (4) byang sgra mi snyan (kuru), the northern continent "land of unpleasant sound" with sgra mi snyan (kurava) and sgra mi snyan kyi zla (kaurava). Surrounding all of these is an outer rim of iron mountains.f these is an outer rim of iron mountains.)