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- tshad ma
- true, proven, genuine; ideal, validity, valid cognition; authentic (standard)/ standard of authenticity; valid cognizer [when related to cognition]; validating; authenticity, validity, proof, pramana, logic, ideal, dialectics, epistemology, valid [cognition / understanding], proof [of knowledge]. three kinds. direct perception mngon sum inference, indirect rjes su dpag pa trustworthy scripture or testimony yid ches pa'i lung the study of pramana [in a monastic college]. authentic, genuine, convincing. right cognition / understanding [free from illusion]. valid source of knowledge, true knowledge, reasoning, 'thad pa, rigs pa There are three pramanas, direct perception, inference and scripture. Sometimes the following three pramanas are discussed, direct mngon gyur, hidden lkog gyur and very hidden shin tu lkog gyur The shin tu lkog gyur pramana has to be known through the Buddha's teaching. reasoning, 'thad pa, rigs pa
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