bdud

bdud

(1) A deva, sometimes said to be the principal deity in Paranirmitavaśavartin, the highest paradise in the desire realm; also one of the names of the god of desire, Kāma in the Vedic tradition. He is portrayed as attempting to prevent the Buddha's enlightenment. In early soteriological religions, the principal deity in saṃsāra, such as Indra, would attempt to prevent anyone's realization that would lead to such a liberation.
(2) The devas ruled over by Māra, and assisting his attempts to prevent the Buddha's enlightenment; they do not wish any being to escape from saṃsāra. More generally, they are symbolic of the defects within a person that prevent enlightenment. These four personifications are: Devaputra-māra ({lha'i bu'i bdud}), the Divine Māra, which is the distraction of pleasures; Mṛtyumāra ({'chi bdag gi bdud}), the Māra of Death; Skandhamāra ({phung po'i bdud}), the Māra of the Aggregates, which is the body; and Kleśamāra ({nyon mongs pa'i bdud}), the Māra of the Afflictions.

A demonic being opposed to the spread of the Dharma and the happiness of beings.

An obstacle maker; a personification of evil.

Buddhist literature speaks of four kinds of malign or demonic influences which may impede the course of spiritual transformation. These include the impure psycho-physical aggregates; the afflicted mental states; desires and temptations; and submission to the "Lord of death," at which point involuntary rebirth is perpetuated in cyclic existence. Also rendered here as "Māra."

Demon who creates obstacles to practice and enlightenment.

Literally, "Death" or "Demon." The personification of everything that functions as a hindrance to awakening.

Originally the name of Indra's principal enemy among the asuras. In early Buddhism he appears as a drought-causing demon and eventually his name becomes that of Māra, the principal opponent of the Buddhadharma.

Personification of everything that functions as a hindrance to awakening. See also "demonic force."

Said to be the principal deity in Paranirmitavaśavartin, the highest paradise in the desire realm. He is also portrayed as attempting to prevent the Buddha's enlightenment, as in early soteriological religions, the principal deity in saṃsāra, such as Indra, would attempt to prevent anyone's realization that would lead to such a liberation. The name Māra is also used as a generic name for the deities in his realm, and also as an impersonal term for the factors that keep beings in saṃsāra.

The deities ruled over by Māra who attempted to prevent the Buddha's enlightenment, and who do not wish any being to escape from saṃsāra. Also, they are symbolic of the defects within a person that prevent enlightenment. These four personifications are: Devaputra-māra ({lha'i bu'i bdud}), the Divine Māra, which is the distraction of pleasures; Mṛtyumāra ({'chi bdag gi bdud}), the Māra of Death; Skandhamāra ({phung po'i bdud}), the Māra of the Aggregates, which is the body; and Kleśamāra ({nyon mongs pa'i bdud}), the Māra of the Afflictions.

The devil, or evil one, who leads the forces of the gods of the desire-world in seeking to tempt and seduce the Buddha and his disciples. But according to Vimalakīrti he is actually a bodhisattva who dwells in the inconceivable liberation and displays evil activities in order to strengthen and consolidate the high resolve of all bodhisattvas.

The personification of negativity. In the Sanskrit tradition, four Māras are usually listed: the aggregates, the afflictions, the god Māra (the god of infatuation), and death.

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