mu tig

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མུ་ཏིག
pearl [RY]

pearl, what has been set free, pearl, pearl, 1 of rin chen nor bdun [JV]

SK pearl [IW]

[Skt] pearl [rin po che'i bye brag grol ba can te - nang gses su dbye na rigs drug mchis, ro bska, zhu rjes bsil, nus pas klad skyon gso, rtsa dkar gyi nad sel, dug nad la phan,//so mu tig tsam yang med pa,//bya khva ta'i kha nas mu tig med [IW]

(med) Pearl (Drungtso 1999)
Synonyms : mukti ka, maukti kam, grol ba can, mukta pha lam, mu tig 'bras, ko sha dzam, sbug skyes, ba ra' sau pa lam, e lu dang, pa ni pha la, chu'i 'bras bu, gu ba ri, ma ghan tha ya (Shel gong)
Sanskrit : muktā (Dash 1989)

mu tig klad pa 'dzag gcod dug nad sel / zhes pa ming ni / mukti ka / maukti kam / grol ba can / mukta pha lam / mu tig 'bras / ko sha dzam / sbug skyes / ba ra' sau pa lam / yul skad du / e lu dang / pa ni pha la / chu'i 'bras bu rnams so / rgya nag skad du / gu ba ri / phrom gyi yul skad du / ma ghan tha ya zer / 'di la rigs chen drug dang thor bu pa bzhi bcas bcu 'byung ste / rigs drug ni / rakta mukti ka zhes mu tig dmar po sangs rgyas srog chags dmar por 'khrungs pa las byung bas mchog tu bshad pas gser bcu skor rib dang / ga dza mukti ka zhes / glang po'i mu tig ni / lung thang gi 'bras bu'i rdog po tsam dkar mdangs che ba glang po che mchog gi sbyi bo 'am / mche ba'i nang nas 'byung ba ste 'di yod pa'i glang po che de'i dri tshor ba tsam nas glang po che phal pa rnams 'bros par byed pa zhig las 'byung bas rin gser gyi bcu sde byed pa dang / ba lu mukti ka ni / sngo ma dangs can sran ma che shos [095] tsam pa rgya gar lho phyogs nags khrod du shing du ya shes pa'i 'dab mar char babs pa las byung ba rin thang gser gyi bun byed ba dang / ram pa mukti ka zhes cung zad ljang nyams can che chung sran ma tsam pa / rgya shar phyogs kyi gling phran dza ba de ba bya ba zhig gi shing ke la zhas pa'i 'dab ma la char babs pa las byung bas gong gser gyi zho gang dang bzhi cha byed ba dang / sarba mukti ka zhes se 'bru dmar po rlon po'i mdog 'dra ba tshad kyang de tsam zhig nub phyogs hor yul gyi sbrul 'ga' zhig gi klad pa las byung bas rin gser dang brje bo byed pa dang / shi sam ka mukti ka zhes cung zad ser nyams yod pa che chung ma nges pa / yul sing ga la'i rgya mtshor gnas ba'i srog chags nya phyis las byung ba dang / nya phyis 'dra ba'i srog chags spang rtsi zhes pa'i lta ba las byung ba 'di gnyis 'dra ba la ming shu kvam bi dzi / nya phyis sa bon / saukti ke yam / nya phyis skyes rnams zer ba gong gser do log 'jal dgos pa dang drug go / thor bu bzhi ni / mu tig mchog tu gyur pa nag po zhig 'byung bar bshad pa dang / rgya mu tig ces dkar nyams can dang / a mdo 'am 'dol kha zhes sngo nyams can dang / sro ma zhes rgya gar nag gis sbyar tig zhib pa zhig 'byung ba'o / de dag mchog dman ni go rim bzhin phyi ma dman pa'o / de yang mig med pa pho / shun pa mang zhing khong stong 'byung ba mo rigs su byed do // (Shel gong shel phreng, pdf p 094.3)

Illustrations : 'Phrin Las (25_044) mu tig dmar po (25_045) glang po las byung ba'i mu tig dkar po (25_046) shing du ya las byung ba'i sngo nyam can (25_047) shing ko la las ljang nyam can (25_049) rgya mu tig / 'dol kha mu tig (25_050) sro ma mu tig (25_051) spang rtsi zhes nya phyis 'dra ba las byung ba'i mu tig (25_052) mig med pho (25_053) mig yod shun can mo. dGa' ba'i rDo rje 2018 (n°045) mu tig, Pernulo

Pearls (mu tig) and Mother of Pearl (nya phyis) are organic gemstones produced through biomineralization by some molluscs as a coating or defense reaction inside their shells. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia prescribes Pteria martensii (Dunker), Hyriopsis cumingii (Lea) and Cristaria plicata (Leach) for the drugs Margarita (pearl) and Margaritifera Concha (nacre). Yeshi (2018) identifies Black-lip Pearl Oyster, Pinctada margaritifera L. All are saltwater oysters, preferred to freshwater oysters. None of them are related to edible oysters. Nacre consists of platelets of aragonite (calcium carbonate), the iridescent effect is caused by the size of these platelets being close to the wavelength of visible light, resulting in diffraction in different directions for different wavelengths (colours) of light (mindat.org).
The indian name muktā refers to pearl. In the indian literature eight sources of pearls are enumerated : clouds, elephants, fish, serpents, bamboos, conch-shells, boars, and oyster shells (wisdomlib.org). The narratives around dbang ril, gi wang and even mu tig overlap, as do the modern explanations about their formation (see dbang ril).
Aragonite (Calcium carbonate CaCO₃) is the second most common polymorph of natural calcium carbonate (the most common is calcite). A nearly always low-temperature, near surface mineral, it is significantly less widespread and abundant than calcite. Several mining sites in Tibet (mindat.org).
Johannes Schmidt (talk) 12:16, 1 March 2024 (EST)