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Return to '''''main page "[[Mulamadhyamakakarika: Verses from the Centre]]"''''' for information and links.
#REDIRECT[[bsko gzhag]][[Category:ཀ]]
 
(return to list of '''''[[Contents & Translation of "Mulamadhyamakakarika: Verses from the Centre"]]''''')
 
 
'''Chapter 15. Investigation of Essences'''
 
'''''(Essence)'''''
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་རྒྱུ་དང་རྐྱེན་ལས་ནི།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།འབྱུང་བར་རིགས་པ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རྒྱུ་དང་རྐྱེན་ལས་གང་བྱུང་བའི།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་བྱས་པ་ཅན་དུ་འགྱུར།།</span><br>
 
1. /[[rang bzhin]] [[rgyu dang rkyen]] [[las]] [[ni]]/<br>
/[['byung bar]] [[rigs pa ma yin]] [[no]]/<br>
/[[rgyu dang rkyen]] [[las]] [[gang byung ba]]'i/<br>
/[[rang bzhin]] [[byas pa can]] [[du]] [['gyur]]//
 
1. It is unreasonable for an essence to arise from causes and conditions.  Whatever essence arose from causes
 
and conditions would be something that has been made.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་བྱས་པ་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱར།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཅི་ལྟར་བུར་ན་རུང་བར་འགྱུར།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་དག་ནི་བཅོས་མིན་དང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་ལ་ལྟོས་པ་མེད་པ་ཡིན།།</span><br>
 
2./[[rang bzhin]] [[byas pa can]] [[zhes byar]]/<br>
/[[ci ltar]] [[bur]] [[na]] [[rung bar 'gyur]]/<br>
/[[rang bzhin]] [[dag]] [[ni]] [[bcos min]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[[gzhan la]] [[ltos pa med pa]] [[yin]]//
 
2. How is it possible for there to be "an essence which has been made?"  Essences are not contrived and not
 
dependent on anything else.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་ཡོད་པ་མ་ཡིན་ན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་ག་ལ་ཡོད།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་གྱི་དངོས་པོའི་རང་བཞིན་ནོ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་ཡིན་ཞེས་བརྗོད།།</span><br>
 
3. /[[rang bzhin]] [[yod pa ma yin]] [[na]]/<br>
/[[gzhan gyi dngos po]] [[ga la yod]]/<br>
/[[gzhan gyi dngos po]]'i [[rang bzhin]] [[no]]/<br>
/[[gzhan gyi dngos po]] [[yin]] [[zhes]] [[brjod]]//
 
3. If an essence does not exist, how can the thingness of the other exist?  [For] the essence of the thingness of
 
the other is said to be the thingness of the other.
 
[There is a problem here with the Tibetan translation from Sanskrit. Svabhava is translated as rang bzhin, but
 
parabhava rather clumsily as gzhan gyi dngos po [the term first appears in I:3]. A Tibetan reader would thus
 
lose the etymological connection between "own-thing" (svabhava) and "other-thing" (parabhava), which then
 
link up with "thing" (bhava) and no-thing (abhava). Nagarjuna is playing on the word "thing".]
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་དང་ནི་གཞན་དངོས་དག།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།མ་གཏོགས་དངོས་པོ་གང་ལ་ཡོད།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་དག་ནི་གཞན་དངོས་དག།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཡོད་ན་དངོས་པོ་འགྲུབ་པར་འགྱུར།།</span><br>
 
4. /[[rang bzhin]] [[dang]] [[ni]] [[gzhan dngos]] [[dag]]/<br>
/[[ma gtogs]] [[dngos po]] [[gang la]]* [[yod]]/<br>
/[[rang bzhin]] [[dag]] [[ni]] [[gzhan dngos]] [[dag]]/<br>
/[[yod na]] [[dngos po]] [['grub pa]]r [['gyur]]//
 
*  *'''Ts''' has [[ga la]]
 
4. Apart from an essence and the thingness of the other, what things are there? If essences and thingnesses
 
of others existed, things would be established.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་དངོས་པོ་མ་གྲུབ་ན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དངོས་མེད་གྲུབ་པར་མི་འགྱུར་རོ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དངོས་པོ་གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ་ནི།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དངོས་མེད་ཡིན་པར་སྐྱེ་བོ་སྨྲ།།</span><br>
 
5. /[[gal te]] [[dngos po]] [[ma grub na]]/<br>
/[[dngos med]] [[grub pa]]r [[mi 'gyur ro]]/<br>
/[[dngos po gzhan]] [[du]] [['gyur ba]] [[ni]]/<br>
/[[dngos med]] [[yin par]] [[skye bo]] [[smra]]//
 
5. If things were not established, non-things would not be established.  [When] a thing becomes something
 
else, people say that it is a non-thing.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་དག་རང་བཞིན་གཞན་དངོས་དང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དངོས་དང་དངོས་མེད་ཉིད་ལྟ་བ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་དག་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་ལ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཉིད་མཐོང་བ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།།</span><br>
 
6. /[[gang dag]] [[rang bzhin]] [[gzhan dngos]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[[dngos dang dngos med]] [[nyid]] [[lta ba]]/<br>
/[[de dag]] [[sangs rgyas bstan pa]] [[la]]/<br>
/[[de nyid mthong ba]] [[ma yin no]]//
 
6. Those who view essence, thingness of the other, things and non-things do not see the suchness in the
 
teaching of the awakened.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།བཅོམ་ལྡན་དངོས་དང་དངོས་མེད་པ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།མཁྱེན་པས་ཀ་ཏ་ཡ་ན་ནོག་ཅན་ཡི།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གདམས་ངག་ལས་ནི་ཡོད་པ་དང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།མེད་པ་གཉི་གའང་དགག་པར་མཛད།།</span><br>
 
7. /[[bcom ldan]] [[dngos dang dngos med]] [[pa]]/<br>
/[[mkhyen pa]]s [[ka ta ya na nog can]] [[yi]]/<br>
/[[gdams ngag]] [[las]] [[ni]] [[yod pa]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[[med pa]] [[gnyi ga]][['ang]] [[dgag pa]]r [[mdzad]]//
 
7. Through knowing things and non-things, the Buddha negated both existence and non-existence in his
 
Advice to Katyayana.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་ཡོད་ན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་མེད་ཉིད་མི་འགྱུར་རོ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ་ནི།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ནམ་ཡང་འཐད་པ་མི་འགྱུར་རོ།།</span><br>
 
8. /[[gal te]] [[rang bzhin gyis]] [[yod na]]/<br>
/[[de ni]] [[med nyid]] [[mi 'gyur ro]]/<br>
/[[rang bzhin]] [[gzhan du 'gyur ba]] [[ni]]/<br>
/[[nam yang]] [['thad pa]] [[mi 'gyur ro]]//
 
8. If [things] existed essentially, they would not come to non-existence.  It is never the case that an essence
 
could become something else.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་ཡོད་པ་མ་ཡིན་ན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ་གང་གི་ཡིན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་ཡོད་པ་ཡིན་ན་ཡང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ་གང་གི་ཡིན།།</span><br>
 
9. /[[rang bzhin]] [[yod pa ma yin]] [[na]]/<br>
/[[gzhan du 'gyur ba]] [[gang gi]] [[yin]]/<br>
/[[rang bzhin]] [[yod pa yin]] [[na yang]]/<br>
/[[gzhan du 'gyur ba]] [[gang gi]] [[yin]]//
 
9. If essences did not exist, what could become something else? Even if essences existed, what could become
 
something else?
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཡོད་ཅེས་བྱ་བ་རྟག་པར་འཛིན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།མེད་ཅེས་བྱ་བ་ཆད་པར་ལྟ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཕྱིར་ཡོད་དང་མེད་པ་ལ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།མཁས་པས་གནས་པར་མི་བྱའོ།།</span><br>
 
10. /[[yod]] [[ces bya ba]] [[rtag par]] [['dzin]]/<br>
/[[med]] [[ces bya ba]] [[chad pa]]r [[lta]]/<br>
/[[de phyir]] [[yod dang med pa]] [[la]]/<br>
/[[mkhas pa]]s [[gnas pa]]r [[mi]] [[bya]][['o]]//
 
10. "Existence" is the grasping at permanence; "non-existence" is the view of annihilation. Therefore, the wise
 
do not dwell, in existence or non-existence.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་ཞིག་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་ཡོད་པ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་མེད་པ་མིན་པས་རྟག།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།སྔོན་བྱུང་ད་ལྟར་མེད་ཅེས་པ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དས་ན་ཆད་པར་ཐལ་བར་འགྱུར།།</span><br>
 
11. /[[gang zhig]] [[rang bzhin gyis yod pa]]/<br>
/[[de ni]] [[med pa min]] [[pas]] [[rtag]]/<br>
/[[sngon byung]] [[da ltar]] [[med]] [[ces pa]]/<br>
/[[da]]s [[na]] [[chad pa]]r [[thal bar 'gyur]]//
 
11. "Since that which exists by its essence is not non-existent," is [the view of] permanence. "That which
 
arose before is now non-existent,"leads to [the view of] annihilation.
 
<span class=TibUni18>རང་བཞིན་བརྟག་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་སྟེ་རབ་ཏུ་བྱེད་པ་བཅོ་ལྔ་པའོ།།</span><br>
 
/[[rang bzhin]] [[brtag pa]] [[zhes bya ba]] [[ste]] [[rab tu byed pa]] [[bco lnga pa]][['o]]//
 
[[Category:I]] [[Category:Teachings]] [[Category:Key Terms]]

Revision as of 12:49, 10 November 2009

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