Difference between revisions of "vidyadhara"

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#redirect [[Vidyadhara]]
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== .1 ==
 
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Only the following ten: ''[[:Category:ga|ga]]'' ''[[:Category:nga|nga]]'' ''[[:Category:da|da]]'' ''[[:Category:na|na]]'' ''[[:Category:ba|ba]]'' ''[[:Category:ma|ma]]'' ''[[:Category:'a|'a]]'' ''[[:Category:ra|ra]]'' ''[[:Category:la|la]]'' ''[[:Category:sa|sa]]'' (and the four with affixed ''[[:Category:sa|sa]]'', [[Abbreviations|v.]] [[5. Final Consonants#.5|5.5]]) occur at the end of a syllable.
 
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== .2 ==
 
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It must be observed, that ''[[:Category:ga|ga]]'' ''[[:Category:da|da]]'' ''[[:Category:ba|ba]]'' as finals are never pronounced like the English ''g, d, b'' in ''leg, bad, cab'', but are transformed differently in the different provinces. In [[Ladak]] they sound like ''k, t, p'' [[Abbreviations|e.g.]] ''[[sog]]'' = ''sock'', ''[[god]]'' = ''got'', ''[[thob]]'' = ''top''.
 
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== .3 ==
 
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In all Central Tibet, moreover, final ''[[:Category:da|da]]'' and ''[[:Category:na|na]]'', sometimes even ''[[:Category:la|la]]'', modify the sound of a preceeding vowel: ''a'' to ''ae'' (similar to the English ''a'' in ''hare'', ''man''), ''o'' to ''oe'' (French ''eu'' in ''jeu''), ''u'' into ''ue'' (French ''u'' in ''mur''). In most of the other provinces ''[[:Category:ga|ga]]'' and ''[[:Category:da|da]]'' are uttered so indistinctly as to be scarcely audible, so that ''[[sog]]'', ''[[god]]'' become ''so'', ''go''. In Tsang even final ''[[:Category:la|la]]'' is scarcely perceptible, and final ''[[:Category:ga|ga]]'', particularly after ''o'', is almost dissolved into a vowel sound = a:''[[sol ba]]'' ''so-wa'', ''[[dkon mchog]]'' kon-choa.
 
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== .4 ==
 
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Final ''[[:Category:sa|sa]]'' is sounded as ''s'' only in Northern Ladak; elsewhere it changes into ''i'' or disappears entirely,prolonging, or even modifying at the same time the preceding vowel. Thus the following words: ''[[nas]]'' 'barley', ''[[shes]]'' 'know', ''[[ris]]'' ,figure', ''[[chos]]'' ,religion', ''[[lus]]'' ,body', are pronounced in Northern Ladak: ''nas, shes, ris, chos''; in Lahoul: ''nai, shei, ri, cho, lu''; in Lhasa, and consequently by everyone who wishes to speak elegantly: ''na, she, ri, cho, lu''.
 
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== .5 ==
 
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In some words final ''[[:Category:sa|sa]]'' occurs as a second closing letter (affix), after ''[[:Category:ga|ga]]'' ''[[:Category:nga|nga]]'' ''[[:Category:ba|ba]]'' ''[[:Category:ma|ma]]'', as in ''[[nags]]'' ,forest', ''[[gangs]]'' ,glacier-ice', ''[[thabs]]'' ,means', ''[[rams]]'' ,indigo'; these are pronounced in N. Ladak: ''nacks, gangs, taps, rams'', elsewhere ''nack'' (in ''[[dbus|U]]'': ''na''), ''gang'' ([[Abbreviations|ET]] ''ghang''), ''tap'', ''ram''.
 
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== .6 ==
 
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''[[:Category:na|na]]'' bgefore ''[[:Category:pa|pa]]'' and ''[[:Category:ma|ma]]'' especially in [[Abbreviations|ET]] very often pronounced ''m'', [[Abbreviations|e.g.]] ''[[nyan pa]]'' ''nyaem pa'', ''[[nyon]]'' ''nyoem'', ''[[snyem pa]]'' ''nyem pa''.
 
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<BR><BR>Click here to go to the front page of the [[Second Edition of H.A. Jaeschke's 'Tibetan Grammar']]
 

Latest revision as of 03:46, 26 January 2006

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