caṅkrama (6021)

caṅkrama
Entry 6021, Page 221, Col. 2

(caNkrama, caNkrama)
caṅkrama¦, m. and (less regularly) nt. (= Pali caṅkama; to caṅkramati), (1) act of walking, in purely physical sense: vivṛtaḥ śobhate ārya āsana-sthāna-caṅ- krame LV 157.15 (vs), when uncovered (unveiled), a noble person shines (is distinguished) in sitting, standing, and walking; these are three of the (usually four) modes of physical behavior (the fourth being lying down), see s.v. īryāpatha 4; AsP 520.13; RP 45.18; cognate acc. °maṃ caṅkramyate or °mati, see (4) below; (2) walking, wander- ing, as an occupation or mode of life: in Karmav 104.14 one of the daśa guṇāḥ paiṇḍapātikatve, ten advantages in the mendicant's life, is, caṅkramo 'sya upārjito bhavati, he has acquired (a life of) walking, wandering about; (3) place of walking, promenade (in the sense of ground where walking is done): of walks in groves or parks (secular), ekaikaṃ caṅkrama-varaṃ…kalpayatha Mv ii.18.16 (vs), Śuddhodana says, adorn (or with mss. kalpayama, let us adorn) every excellent promenade (in the Lumbinī grove, in preparation for Māyā's visit); gṛha-dhana-dhānya- śayana-vasanaṃ caṅkramodyānāni cānekaśo yācanake- bhyo nisṛṣṭāni LV 318.5 (prose),…promenades and parks were bestowed on beggars many times; (4) especially, prome- nade, terrace, place for walking (often rendered cloister), for monks or Buddhas or other ascetics; sometimes as- sociated with places for ‘standing, sitting, lying down’, the other īryāpatha, see mg. (1) above: samyaksaṃ- buddhānāṃ adhiṣṭhitāni caṅkramā niṣadyāni śayyāni Mv ii.163.18; teṣāṃ bhikṣūṇāṃ sthānāni caṅkramāṇi niṣadyāni śayyāni Mv iii.420.15; teṣu ca caṅkrameṣu niṣadyāsv āsaneṣu ca Gv 518.7 (places); oftener associated [Page222-a+ 71] with a vihāra (from which it seems that one climbed or mounted to the caṅkrama, cf. Pali Therag. 271…vihārā upanikkhamiṃ, caṅkamam abhirūhanto; so frequently abhi-ruh- occurs in BHS with this word): araṇyavāsi (loc.; v.l. °se) tiṣṭhanto caṅkrame (WT °mam with Ḱ) abhiruhya ca SP 335.5 (vs); ārāmāś caṅkramā dattāḥ (to Buddha and his monks) 341.13 (vs); ye keci bhikṣū sugatasya śāsane, abhiyuktarūpā sthita caṅkrameṣu 365.5 (vs); (yasmiṃś ca…grāme vā nagare vā…) janapada- pradeśe vā caṅkrame vā vihāre vā ayaṃ Lalitavistaro… pracariṣyati LV 442.11; bhikṣŭṇāṃ saptaratnacitān vi- hārān kārayām āsa maṇi-caṅkramān (prob. Karmadh., not Bhvr.)…RP 56.13; in Mv i.318.10 text, bhagavato Kāśyapasya caṅkrama-ṣaṣṭiḥ, for which Senart's note suggests caṅkrama-bhūmiḥ (violent em.!), but mss. kraṃkrame (or kraṃkame) ṣa°; possibly read caṅkrame yaṣṭiḥ, stick (pole, flagstaff?) in K's promenade; (vihārān…) ārāmān ramaṇīyāṃś ca caṅkrama-sthāna-śobhitān SP 334.9 (vs; ca°-sthāna, place of promenade, substantially = caṅkrama?); (vihārāḥ…bhikṣusahasrāvāsā ārāmapuṣpo- paśobhitāś) caṅkramavanopetāḥ SP 339.3,…provided with promenades and groves; of a brahmanical ascetic, atha Brahmaprabho māṇavako 'nyatarasmin pradeśe kuṭīṃ kārayitvā caṅkramaṃ (a walking-ground, in the wilds) pratiṣṭhāpya sattvānām arthāya tapas taptavān Divy 477.17--19; (Bhagavataś) caṅkrame dattaḥ (sc. pradīpaḥ) Divy 90.3, a lamp was given to the Lord on his promenade (i.e. the place of exercise ? or on his walk, to mg. 1 ?); loc. or acc., followed by form of the cognate verb, bhagavāṃś cāsya nātidūre caṅkrame caṅkramyate Av i.183.1; ānando bahir vihārasyābhyavakāśe caṅkrame caṅkramyate 228.9; (Buddha speaks) yan nūnāhaṃ pauruṣamātraṃ vaihāyasam antarīkṣe dīrghaṃ caṅkra- maṃ caṅkrameyaṃ Mv iii.114.12--13, which he does in 15, dī° ca° caṅkramati aspṛśanto pādatalehi bhūmiyaṃ; in a dream the Bodhisattva sees himself, tathāgato… saṃbodhim anabhisaṃbuddho mahato mīḍhaparvatasya uparim anupalipyamāno caṅkramaṃ caṅkrame (aor.) Mv ii.137.11--12 and 139.7--8; the long (-continued) promenade (cf. Mv iii.114.12--13 above) seems to have been a special spiritual exercise, to which exceptional importance is attached, and the cognate accus. in the following may be partly a noun of action, tho it seems rarely if ever com- pletely separate from the place-designation; the Buddha, in the 2d or 3d week after enlightenment, (dvitīye) saptāhe tathāgato dīrghacaṅkramaṃ caṅkramyate sma LV 377.4, (tṛtīyaṃ) saptāhaṃ prītisukhena dīrghaṃ caṅkramaṃ caṅkrame (aor.) Mv iii.281.12; (Buddha, vihārāto nir- gamya…smitaṃ prāduṣkaritvā) dīrghaṃ caṅkramaṃ caṅkrame (aor.) Mv i.317.(7--)9; without use of the word dīrgha, the like is presented in SP, with emphasis on spiritual results: (the Bodhisattva Sarvasattvapriyadar- śana) dvādaśa varṣasahasrāṇi caṅkramābhirūḍho (Tib. ḥchag pa la zhugs śiṅ, having begun, undertaken, a walk) 'bhūn mahāvīryārambheṇa yogābhiyukto 'bhūt SP 405.13, followed by reference to this in 408.14 (vs), spoken by the Bodhisattva S., ayaṃ mamā caṅkrama rāja śreṣṭha yasmin mayā sthitva samādhi labdhaḥ; similarly, yadā ca sa dharmabhāṇako 'smin dharmaparyāye cintāyogam anuyuktaś caṅkramābhirūḍho bhaviṣyati, tadāhaṃ… tasya dharmabhāṇakasya caṅkrama-kuṭīm (Tib. ḥchag paḥi, = caṅkrama, gnas, = place, esp. abode, habitation; cf. kuṭīṃ and caṅkramaṃ together in Divy 477.17--19 above) upasaṃkramiṣyāmi (I will go to his promenade-hut which perhaps might be in a vihāra, but in any case must be the place where he rested during his caṅkrama with its long-continued attendant spiritual exercises)…asya dharmaparyāyasyārakṣāya SP 474.11--475.2; ye…eka- viṃśatidivasāni caṅkramābhirūḍhā abhiyuktā bhaviṣyanti, teṣām ahaṃ…ekaviṃśatime divase teṣāṃ dharma- bhāṇakānāṃ caṅkramam āgamiṣyāmy…SP 476.3--5 [Page222-b+ 71] (note here the evident reference to caṅkrama as a definite place!); in Kv caṅkramaṇa, q.v., is used in the same local sense, but twice followed by caṅkrama in this same sense: tato vimānān niṣkramya svaka-svakāni caṅkra- maṇāni pratyudgatāḥ (sc. Bodhisattvāḥ), caṅkrame- caṅkrame…(follows description of their physical beauties and decorations) Kv 65.1--2; (pious kiṃnaras) ṣaṭpāramitā- sāṃkathya(ṃ) kṛtvā svaka-svakāni caṅkramaṇāni caṅ- kramanti (cf. cognate verb with caṅkrama, above); kecit suvarṇamayāś caṅkramā(s) teṣu caṅkrameṣu sāmantakeṣu kalpavṛkṣāḥ, etc. Kv 66.6--7.

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