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A list of all pages that have property "english-def" with value "the artificial afflictive obstructions; (T) acquired afflictive obstructions; artificial obstruction to liberation". Since there have been only a few results, also nearby values are displayed.

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  • Steinert App Dictionaries/01-Hopkins2015/15525  + ((thoroughly) enter into liberation)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/5945  + ((to perform the act of) liberation)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/01-Hopkins2015/4112  + (... and subsequently serves to abandon the obstructions to omniscience(PGP 83))
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/23511  + (1) Syn [[grub mtha']]. 2) established conclusion / finality / viewpoint, tenet, philosophical school, belief, doctrinal views. 3) Syn [[thar pa'i blo gros]] resolution for liberation, determination to obtain freedom)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/1033  + (1) natural, sincere, uncontrived, guileless, unfabricated, unartificial, non-artificial. 2) real, true, genuine, pure, simple, authentic, bonafide)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/19480  + (1) obstruction, stoppage. 2) crucial point, pith, to stop, cease p. Syn [[bgag]], [[mdo 'gags]] condensed into one. [[gdangs ma 'gag]] unobstructed manifestation. [[gnad 'gag]] put into a single point. [[spyi 'gag]] avenue)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/1005  + (1) p. of [[bco]]. 2) p. of [['chos]] 3) artificial, to fabricate, alter, modify, change, correct, contrive, pretend, adulterate; pretend/ changed, modified, corrected/ to cure, heal)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/2389  + (1) prohibition. 2) hindrance. 3) obstruction)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/6465  + (1) re-freed. 2) re-liberation)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/30177  + (1) samsara's enemy: the knowledge that realizes egolessness. Syn [[bdag med rtogs pa'i shes rab]]. 2) liberation. Syn [[thar pa]] 3) the enemy of the world, epithet of Mara)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/19499  + (1) unconfined, unrestricted, unceasing, ceaseless; not limited to, unobstructed, freely, unlimited, unhindered, free from obstruction, [able to manifest emanations]. 2) unceasing, [[rtsal sna tshogs 'gag med]] its strength manifold and unceasing)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/bdud  + (<p>(1) A deva, sometimes said to be … <p>(1) A deva, sometimes said to be the principal deity in Paranirmitavaśavartin, the highest paradise in the desire realm; also one of the names of the god of desire, Kāma in the Vedic tradition. He is portrayed as attempting to prevent the Buddha's enlightenment. In early soteriological religions, the principal deity in saṃsāra, such as Indra, would attempt to prevent anyone's realization that would lead to such a liberation. <br> (2) The devas ruled over by Māra, and assisting his attempts to prevent the Buddha's enlightenment; they do not wish any being to escape from saṃsāra. More generally, they are symbolic of the defects within a person that prevent enlightenment. These four personifications are: Devaputra-māra ({lha'i bu'i bdud}), the Divine Māra, which is the distraction of pleasures; Mṛtyumāra ({'chi bdag gi bdud}), the Māra of Death; Skandhamāra ({phung po'i bdud}), the Māra of the Aggregates, which is the body; and Kleśamāra ({nyon mongs pa'i bdud}), the Māra of the Afflictions.</p><p>A demonic being opposed to the spread of the Dharma and the happiness of beings.</p><p>An obstacle maker; a personification of evil.</p><p>Buddhist literature speaks of four kinds of malign or demonic influences which may impede the course of spiritual transformation. These include the impure psycho-physical aggregates; the afflicted mental states; desires and temptations; and submission to the "Lord of death," at which point involuntary rebirth is perpetuated in cyclic existence. Also rendered here as "Māra."</p><p>Demon who creates obstacles to practice and enlightenment.</p><p>Literally, "Death" or "Demon." The personification of everything that functions as a hindrance to awakening.</p><p>Originally the name of Indra's principal enemy among the asuras. In early Buddhism he appears as a drought-causing demon and eventually his name becomes that of Māra, the principal opponent of the Buddhadharma.</p><p>Personification of everything that functions as a hindrance to awakening. See also "demonic force."</p><p>Said to be the principal deity in Paranirmitavaśavartin, the highest paradise in the desire realm. He is also portrayed as attempting to prevent the Buddha's enlightenment, as in early soteriological religions, the principal deity in saṃsāra, such as Indra, would attempt to prevent anyone's realization that would lead to such a liberation. The name Māra is also used as a generic name for the deities in his realm, and also as an impersonal term for the factors that keep beings in saṃsāra.</p><p>The deities ruled over by Māra who attempted to prevent the Buddha's enlightenment, and who do not wish any being to escape from saṃsāra. Also, they are symbolic of the defects within a person that prevent enlightenment. These four personifications are: Devaputra-māra ({lha'i bu'i bdud}), the Divine Māra, which is the distraction of pleasures; Mṛtyumāra ({'chi bdag gi bdud}), the Māra of Death; Skandhamāra ({phung po'i bdud}), the Māra of the Aggregates, which is the body; and Kleśamāra ({nyon mongs pa'i bdud}), the Māra of the Afflictions.</p><p>The devil, or evil one, who leads the forces of the gods of the desire-world in seeking to tempt and seduce the Buddha and his disciples. But according to Vimalakīrti he is actually a bodhisattva who dwells in the inconceivable liberation and displays evil activities in order to strengthen and consolidate the high resolve of all bodhisattvas.</p><p>The personification of negativity. In the Sanskrit tradition, four Māras are usually listed: the aggregates, the afflictions, the god Māra (the god of infatuation), and death.</p>t;p>The personification of negativity. In the Sanskrit tradition, four Māras are usually listed: the aggregates, the afflictions, the god Māra (the god of infatuation), and death.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/byang chub sems dpa'  + (<p>A being who is dedicated to the c … <p>A being who is dedicated to the cultivation and fulfilment of the altruistic intention to attain manifestly perfect buddhahood, traversing the five bodhisattva paths and ten bodhisattva levels. Bodhisattvas purposely opt to remain within cyclic existence in order to liberate all sentient beings, instead of simply seeking personal freedom from suffering. Philosophically, they realize the two aspects of selflessness, with respect to afflicted mental states and the nature of all phenomena. <br> (See also note http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-142.)</p><p>A living being who has produced the spirit of enlightenment in himself and whose constant dedication, lifetime after lifetime, is to attain the unexcelled, perfect enlightenment of Buddhahood.</p><p>A person who is dedicated not merely to attaining liberation through attaining the state of an arhat, but to becoming a buddha. A name created from the Sanskritization of the middle-Indic bodhisatto, the Sanskrit equivalent of which was bodhisakta, "one who is fixed on enlightenment."</p><p>A person who is dedicated not merely to gaining liberation through attaining the state of an arhat, but to becoming a buddha. A name created from the Sanskritization of the middle-Indic bodhisatto, the Sanskrit equivalent of which was bodhisakta, "one who is fixed on enlightenment."</p><p>According to the Mahāyāna, an individual with the intent to achieve awakening for the sake of all beings.</p><p>Someone who practices according to the Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas; one who aims for complete buddhahood; "awakening hero;" "one who has a wish for awakening;" "one who awakens sentient beings."</p> complete buddhahood; "awakening hero;" "one who has a wish for awakening;" "one who awakens sentient beings."</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/nyan thos  + (<p>A follower of the early teachings … <p>A follower of the early teachings of the Buddha, focusing on the monastic lifestyle. Also translated as "listener." <br> Listener</p><p>A follower of those teachings of the Buddha that focus on the monastic lifestyle and liberating oneself from suffering, in contrasted to followers of the bodhisattva vehicle who seek buddhahood for the sake of all beings.</p><p>Disciples who heard the Buddha's doctrine from his own lips; followers of the Hīnayāna school in general.</p><p>Hearer.</p><p>Hīnayāna practitioner of the first turning of the wheel of the Dharma on the four noble truths, who realizes the suffering inherent in saṃsāra and focuses on understanding that there is no independent self. By conquering disturbing emotions, he liberates himself, attaining first the stage of stream enterer at the path of seeing, followed by the stage of once-returner who will be reborn only one more time, and then the stage of non-returner who will no longer be reborn into saṃsāra. The final goal is to become an arhat. These four stages are also known as the "four results of spiritual practice."</p><p>Lit. "listener." Disciple of the Buddha and follower of the Hinayāna teaching.</p><p>Primarily referring to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self liberation. It is usually defined as "those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard to others."</p><p>Someone who practices according to the Vehicle of the Hearers (those who hear the teachings from others); or, someone who heard the Dharma from the Buddha.</p><p>The disciples of the Buddha who followed the Lesser Vehicle (Hīnayāna). A śrāvaka is explained as someone who hears the teachings and then proclaims them to others. <br> Āryaśrāvaka</p><p>The pious attendants heeding the words spoken by Lord Buddha, contrasted in terms of their realization with both pratyekabuddhas and bodhisattvas (See also note http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-8).</p><p>The word, based on the verb "to hear," means disciple, and is used in that general way, as well as for those who were followers of the non-Mahāyāna tradition of Buddhism, in contrast to the bodhisattvas.</p><p>This term, based on the verb to hear, means "disciple," and is used in that general way, as well as for those who were followers of the non-Mahāyāna tradition of Buddhism, in contrast to the bodhisattvas. <br> śrāvakas</p>o hear, means "disciple," and is used in that general way, as well as for those who were followers of the non-Mahāyāna tradition of Buddhism, in contrast to the bodhisattvas. <br> śrāvakas</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/rgyun du zhugs pa  + (<p>A person who has entered the "str … <p>A person who has entered the "stream" of practice that leads to nirvāṇa. The first of the four attainments of the path of the hearers.</p><p>First of four stages in the path to nirvāṇa. <br> entered the stream</p><p>One who has achieved the first of the four levels of attainment on the śrāvaka path, and who is from then onwards continuously approaching liberation.</p><p>One who has entered the "stream" to nirvāṇa; one of the fruits of the Śrāvakayāna.</p><p>The first level of noble ones when practicing the path of the hearers.</p><p>The four stages of spiritual accomplishment are stream entrant, once-returner, non-returner, and arhat.</p>t;p>The four stages of spiritual accomplishment are stream entrant, once-returner, non-returner, and arhat.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/mgon med zas sbyin  + (<p>A principal benefactor of the Bud … <p>A principal benefactor of the Buddha; he was the wealthy banker who acquired the grove of Prince Jeta, i.e., Jeta Grove, and donated it to the Buddhist community.</p><p>A wealthy patron who donated Jetavana Grove to the saṅgha.</p><p>Benefactor of the Buddha.</p>ana Grove to the saṅgha.</p><p>Benefactor of the Buddha.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/chos  + (<p>A term that predates Buddhism, Dh … <p>A term that predates Buddhism, Dharma/dharmas has a wide range of meanings and usages in Buddhist texts depending on context: <br> As Dharma , it is the teaching of Buddha Śākyamuni and other buddhas, preached by their followers, and transmitted in the form of scripture; or, alternatively, it means ultimate reality itself, the referent of the teaching and what is realized through it. <br> As dharmas , it is variously the different teachings given by Buddha Śākyamuni, other buddhas, and their followers; the trainings enjoined in those teachings; the positive qualities acquired through applying those trainings; mental phenomena in general; or phenomena in general or their characteristics. Often in Buddhist literature there is a play on the multiple interlinked senses of this term. <br> dharmas</p><p>Among many of its meanings, this term can refer to: the teachings of the Buddha; positive actions that accord with those teachings; or a minimal element of existence, which bears certain features through which it may be cognized.</p><p>Name of a tathāgata.</p><p>See "dharma." <br> phenomenon</p><p>See "dharma." <br> things</p><p>The second of the Three Jewels, that is, the teaching of the Buddha.</p><p>The term dharma ({chos}) conveys ten different meanings, according to Vasubandhu's Vyākhyāyukti. In the context of the present work, it may mean "sacred doctrine" (also rendered "Dharma" in this translation), the "attributes" which buddhas and bodhisattvas acquire, "phenomena" or "things" in general, and, more specifically, "mental phenomena" which are the object of the mental faculty (manas, {yid}).</p><p>The term dharma ({chos}) conveys ten different meanings, according to Vasubandhu's. See also "Dharma."</p><p>This term has multiple interrelated meanings. In this text, the primary meanings are as follows: (1) the doctrine taught by the Buddha (Dharma); (2) the ultimate reality underlying and expressed through the Buddha's teaching (Dharma); (3) the trainings that the Buddha's teaching stipulates (dharmas); (4) the various awakened qualities or attainments acquired through practicing and realizing the Buddha's teaching (dharmas); (5) qualities or aspects more generally, i.e., phenomena or phenomenal attributes (dharmas); and (6) mental objects (dharmas). <br> things</p>he Buddha's teaching (dharmas); (5) qualities or aspects more generally, i.e., phenomena or phenomenal attributes (dharmas); and (6) mental objects (dharmas). <br> things</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/rang bzhin  + (<p>According to Sāṁkhya, the prime s … <p>According to Sāṁkhya, the prime substance, from which the material universe evolves, as opposed to puruṣa, pure consciousness. (Reat, 39 n5). <br> primal matter</p><p>Svabhāva is usually rendered as "self-nature," sometimes as "own-being," both of which have a certain literal validity. However, neither artificial term has any evocative power for the reader who has no familiarity with the original, and a term must be found that the reader can immediately relate to his own world to fulfill the function the original word had in its world. In our world of identities (national, racial, religious, personal, sexual, etc.), "identity" is a part of our makeup; thus, when we are taught the ultimate absence of identity of all persons and things, it is easy to "identify" what is supposedly absent and hence to try to understand what that entails. <br> identities</p><p>This term denotes the ontological status of phenomena, according to which they are attributed with existence in their own right, inherently, in and of themselves, objectively, and independent of any other phenomena such as our conception and labelling. The absence of such an ontological reality is defined as the true nature of reality, emptiness.</p>such an ontological reality is defined as the true nature of reality, emptiness.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/thabs  + (<p>Also refers to the male partner i … <p>Also refers to the male partner in sexual yoga.</p><p>The concept of skillful means is central to the understanding of the Buddha's enlightened deeds and the many scriptures which are revealed contingent to the needs, interests, and mental dispositions of specific types of individuals. According to the Great Vehicle, training in skillful means collectively denotes the first five of the six transcendent perfections when integrated with wisdom, the sixth transcendent perfection, to form a union of discriminative awareness and means.</p><p>The skillful acts of a bodhisattva for the benefit of others.</p><p>This is the expression in action of the great compassion of the Buddha and the bodhisattvas—physical, verbal, and mental. It follows that one empathetically aware of the troubles of living beings would, for his very survival, devise the most potent and efficacious techniques possible to remove those troubles, and the troubles of living beings are removed effectively only when they reach liberation. "Art" was chosen over the usual "method" and "means" because it has a stronger connotation of efficacy in our technological world; also, in Buddhism, liberative art is identified with the extreme of power, energy, and efficacy, as symbolized in the vajra (adamantine scepter): The importance of this term is highlighted in this sūtra by the fact that Vimalakīrti himself is introduced in the chapter entitled "Inconceivable Skill in Liberative Art"; this indicates that he, as a function of the nirmāṇakāya (incarnation-body), just like the Buddha himself, is the very incarnation of liberative art, and every act of his life is therefore a technique for the development and liberation of living beings. The "liberative" part of the translation follows "salvifique" in Lamotte's phrase "moyens salvifique."</p>of the translation follows "salvifique" in Lamotte's phrase "moyens salvifique."</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/mtshan ma med pa  + (<p>Also translated here as "without … <p>Also translated here as "without mental images."</p><p>In ultimate reality, there is no sign, as a sign signals or signifies something to someone and hence is inextricably involved with the relative world. We are so conditioned by signs that they seem to speak to us as if they had a voice of their own. The letter "A" seems to pronounce itself to us as we see it, and the stop-sign fairly shouts at us. However, the configuration of two slanted lines with a crossbar has in itself nothing whatsoever to do with the phenomenon made with the mouth and throat in the open position, when expulsion of breath makes the vocal cords resonate "ah." By extending such analysis to all signs, we may get an inkling of what is meant by "signlessness," which is essentially equivalent to voidness, and to "wishlessness" (see entry). Voidness, signlessness, and wishlessness form the "Three Doors of Liberation."</p><p>Meditative concentration which views the five aggregates, the basis for the conception of a self, as faulty; the second of the three doors of liberation.</p><p>The absence of the conceptual identification of perceptions. Knowing that the true nature has no attributes, such as color, shape, etc. One of the three doorways to liberation.</p> attributes, such as color, shape, etc. One of the three doorways to liberation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/tshad med bzhi  + (<p>As mentioned in http://read.84000 … <p>As mentioned in http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-172, these are (1) loving kindness, (2) compassion, (3) empathetic joy, and (4) equanimity. On training in the four immeasurable aspirations, see Padmakara Translation Group (1994): 195–217.</p><p>Immeasurable states, otherwise known as "pure abodes" (brahmāvihāra). Immeasurable love arises from the wish for all living beings to have happiness and the cause of happiness. Immeasurable compassion arises from the wish for all living beings to be free from suffering and its cause. Immeasurable joy arises from the wish that living beings not be sundered from the supreme happiness of liberation. And immeasurable impartiality arises from the wish that the preceding—love, compassion, and joy—should apply equally to all living beings, without attachment to friend or hatred for enemy.</p><p>Love, compassion, joy, and equanimity.</p> for enemy.</p><p>Love, compassion, joy, and equanimity.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/sangs rgyas kyi chos ma 'dres pa bco brgyad  + (<p>Eighteen qualities that are exclu … <p>Eighteen qualities that are exclusively possessed by a buddha. These are listed in the Dharmasaṃgraha as follows: The tathāgata does not possess: (1) confusion; (2) noisiness; (3) forgetfulness; (4) loss of meditative equipoise; (5) cognition of distinctness; or (6) nonanalytical equanimity. A buddha totally lacks: (7) degeneration of motivatedness; (8) degeneration of perseverance; (9) degeneration of mindfulness; (10) degeneration of samādhi; (11) degeneration of prajñā; (12) degeneration of complete liberation; and (13) degeneration of seeing the wisdom of complete liberation. (14) A tathāgata's every action of body is preceded by wisdom and followed through with wisdom; (15) every action of speech is preceded by wisdom and followed through with wisdom; (16) a buddha's every action of mind is preceded by wisdom and followed through with wisdom. (17) A tathāgata engages in seeing the past through wisdom that is unattached and unobstructed and (18) engages in seeing the present through wisdom that is unattached and unobstructed.</p><p>Eighteen special features of a buddha's behavior, realization, activity, and wisdom that are not shared by other beings.</p><p>Eighteen special features of a buddha's physical state, realization, activity, and wisdom that are not shared by ordinary beings.</p><p>See http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-257.</p><p>They are as follows: He never makes a mistake; he is never boisterous; he never forgets; his concentration never falters; he has no notion of diversity; his equanimity is not due to lack of consideration; his will never falters; his energy never fails; his mindfulness never falters; he never abandons his concentration; his wisdom never decreases; his liberation never fails; all his physical actions are preceded and followed by wisdom; all his verbal actions are preceded and followed by wisdom; all his mental actions are preceded and followed by wisdom; his knowledge and vision perceive the past without any attachment or hindrance; his knowledge and vision perceive the future without any attachment or hindrance; and his knowledge and vision perceive the present without any attachment or hindrance.</p>ance; and his knowledge and vision perceive the present without any attachment or hindrance.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/'du shes dang tshor ba 'gog pa bsgrubs te gnas pa  + (<p>Eighth of the eight aspects of liberation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/dbang po dang stobs dang byang chub kyi yan lag dang rnam par thar pa dang bsam gtan ...  + (<p>Eighth of the ten powers of the t … <p>Eighth of the ten powers of the tathāgatas. <br> definitively know all the afflicted and purified mental states, and their emergence, associated with the meditative concentrations, aspects of liberation, meditative stabilities, and formless absorptions <br> definitive knowledge of all the afflicted and purified mental states and their emergence, with respect to the faculties, powers, branches of enlightenment, aspects of liberation, meditative concentrations, meditative stabilities, and formless absorptions</p>ations, meditative stabilities, and formless absorptions</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/stong pa nyid  + (<p>Emptiness denotes the ultimate na … <p>Emptiness denotes the ultimate nature of reality, the total absence of inherent existence and self-identity with respect to all phenomena. According to this view, all things and events are devoid of any independent, intrinsic reality that constitutes their essence. Nothing can be said to exist independently from the complex network of factors that gives rise to their origination, nor are phenomena independent of the cognitive processes and mental constructs that make up the conventional framework within which their identity and existence are posited. When all levels of conceptualization dissolve and when all forms of dichotomizing tendencies are quelled through deliberate meditative deconstruction of conceptual elaborations, the ultimate nature of reality will finally become manifest.</p><p>In the Mahāyāna this is the term for how phenomena are devoid of any nature of their own. One of the three doorways to liberation along with the absence of aspiration and the absence of attributes.</p><p>Meditative concentration which realizes the non-self of persons and phenomena; the first of the three doors of liberation.</p><p>See "emptiness."</p><p>This Skt. term is usually translated by "voidness" because that English word is more rarely used in other contexts than "emptiness" and does not refer to any sort of ultimate nothingness, as a thing-in-itself, or even as the thing-in-itself to end all things-in-themselves. It is a pure negation of the ultimate existence of anything or, in Buddhist terminology, the "emptiness with respect to personal and phenomenal selves," or "with respect to identity," or "with respect to intrinsic nature," or "with respect to essential substance," or "with respect to self-existence established by intrinsic identity," or "with respect to ultimate truth-status," etc. Thus emptiness is a concept descriptive of the ultimate reality through its pure negation of whatever may be supposed to be ultimately real. It is an absence, hence not existent in itself. It is synonymous therefore with "infinity," "absolute," etc.—themselves all negative terms, i.e., formed etymologically from a positive concept by adding a negative prefix (in + finite = not finite; ab + solute = not compounded, etc.). But, since our verbally conditioned mental functions are habituated to the connection of word and thing, we tend to hypostatize a "void," analogous to "outer space," a "vacuum," etc., which we either shrink from as a nihilistic nothingness or become attached to as a liberative nothingness; this great mistake can be cured only by realizing the meaning of the "emptiness of emptiness," which brings us to the tolerance of inconceivability (see "tolerance").</p><p>Voidness, emptiness; specifically, the emptiness of absolute substance, truth, identity, intrinsic reality, or self of all persons and things in the relative world, being quite opposed to any sort of absolute nothingness (see glossary, under "emptiness").</p>lative world, being quite opposed to any sort of absolute nothingness (see glossary, under "emptiness").</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/rnam par thar pa'i sgo  + (<p>Emptiness, absence of attributes, … <p>Emptiness, absence of attributes, and absence of aspiration.</p><p>There are three, namely emptiness as a gateway to liberation, signlessness as a gateway to liberation, and aspirationlessness as a gateway to liberation. Among them, emptiness is characterized as the absence of inherent existence, signlessness as the absence of mental images, and aspirationlessness as the absence of hopes and fears. <br> gateways to liberation</p> absence of hopes and fears. <br> gateways to liberation</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/mi 'jigs pa bzhi  + (<p>Fearlessness in declaring that on … <p>Fearlessness in declaring that one has (1) awakened, (2) ceased all illusions, (3) taught the obstacles to awakening, and (4) shown the way to liberation.</p><p>The four assurances are proclaimed by the tathāgatas, and can be found listed in http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-248 and http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-2374 as: (1) "I claim to have attained genuinely perfect buddhahood;" (2) "I claim I am one whose contaminants have ceased;" (3) "I claim to have explained those things which cause obstacles;" (4) "I claim to have explained the path through which suffering will genuinely cease." (See also note http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-252.) <br> These four are generally known by other names, i.e., the first is the "assurance in the knowledge of all things" (sarvadharmābhisambodhivaiśarādya, {chos thams cad mkhyen pa la mi 'jigs pa}), which the Buddha achieves for his own benefit; the second is the "assurance in the knowledge of the cessation of all contaminants" (sarvāśravakṣayajñānavaiśarādya, {zag pa zad pa thams cad mkhyen pa la mi 'jigs pa}), which the Buddha achieves for his own benefit; the third is the "assurance to declare that phenomena that obstruct the path will not engender any further negative outcomes" (anantarāyikadharmānanyathātvaviniścitavyākaraṇavaiśarādya, {bar du gcod pa'i chos rnams gzhan du mi 'gyur bar nges pa'i lung bstan pa la mi 'jigs pa}), which the Buddha achieves for others' benefit; and the fourth is the "assurance that the path of renunciation through which all excellent attributes are to be obtained has been just so realized" (sarvasampadadhigamāya nairāṇikapratipattathātvavaiśarādya, {bar du gcod pa'i chos rnams gzhan du mi 'gyur bar nges pa'i lung bstan pa la mi 'jigs pa}), which the Buddha achieves for others' benefit.</p> mi 'jigs pa}), which the Buddha achieves for others' benefit.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/rnam shes mtha' yas skye mched bsgrubs te gnas pa  + (<p>Fifth of the eight aspects of liberation. <br> one achieves and abides in the sense field of infinite consciousness, thinking, 'Consciousness is infinite.'</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/mya ngan las 'das pa  + (<p>Final liberation from suffering. … <p>Final liberation from suffering. In the Hinayāna it is believed attainable by turning away from the world of living beings and transcending all afflictions and selfishnesses through meditative trances. In the Mahāyāna, it is believed attainable only by the attainment of buddhahood, the nondual realization of the indivisibility of life and liberation, and the all-powerful compassion that establishes all living beings simultaneously in their own liberations.</p><p>Sanskrit: "extinguishment," for the causes for saṃsāra are "extinguished"; Tibetan: "the transcendence of suffering."</p><p>Sanskrit: the causes for saṃsāra are "extinguished." Tibetan: suffering has been transcended.</p><p>The "blowing off" of suffering; the state of freedom from the suffering of saṃsāra.</p> "blowing off" of suffering; the state of freedom from the suffering of saṃsāra.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/gzugs can gzugs rnams la lta ba  + (<p>First of the eight aspects of liberation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/tshul khrims kyi phung po  + (<p>First of the five definitive aggr … <p>First of the five definitive aggregates.</p><p>One of the five undefiled aggregates (pañca anāsravaskandha, {zag med kyi phung po lnga}), also known as the five aggregates beyond the world (lokottaraskandha, {'jig rten las 'das pa'i phung po lnga}), the others being the aggregates of absorption (samādhi), insight (prajñā), liberation (vimukti), and liberated wisdom vision (vimuktijñānadarśana).</p><p>One of the five undefiled aggregates ({zag med kyi phung po lnga}), the others being the aggregates of concentration (samādhi), discriminative awareness (prajñā), liberation (vimukti), and insight of the primordial wisdom of liberation (vimuktijñānadarśana).</p>nsight of the primordial wisdom of liberation (vimuktijñānadarśana).</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/rnam par thar pa'i sgo stong pa nyid  + (<p>First of the three gateways to liberation. <br> emptiness that is a gateway to liberation</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/stobs bcu  + (<p>For the five strengths, see "powe … <p>For the five strengths, see "powers." The ten strengths can refer either to one set of ten qualities of tathāgatas, or to a different list of ten strengths of bodhisattvas.</p><p>One set among the different qualities of a tathāgata. The ten strengths are (1) the knowledge of what is possible and not possible; (2) the knowledge of the ripening of karma; (3) the knowledge of the variety of aspirations; (4) the knowledge of the variety of natures; (5) the knowledge of the different levels of capabilites; (6) the knowledge of the destinations of all paths; (7) the knowledge of various states of meditation (dhyāna, liberation, samādhi, samāpatti, and so on); (8) the knowledge of remembering previous lives; (9) the knowledge of deaths and rebirths; and (10) the knowledge of the cessation of defilements.</p><p>There are two different sets of ten powers, those of the Buddha and those of bodhisattvas. Those of the Buddha consist of power from knowing right from wrong (sthānāsthānajñānabala); power from knowing the consequences of actions (karmavipākajñāna-); power from knowing the various inclinations (of living beings) (nānādhimuktijñāna-); power from knowing the various types (of living beings) (nānādhātujñāna-); power from knowing the degree of the capacities (of living beings) (indriyavarāvarajñāna-); power from knowing the path that leads everywhere (sarvatragāmīmpratipatjñāna-); power from knowing the obscuration, affliction, and purification of all contemplations, meditations, liberations, concentrations, and absorptions (sarvadhyānavimokṣasamādhisamāpattisaṃkleśavyavadānavyutthānajñāna-); power from knowing his own former lives (pūrvanivāsānusmṛtijñāna-); power from knowing deaths and future lives (cyutyutpattijñāna-); and power from knowing the exhaustion of defilements (āsravakṣayajñāna-). The latter set consists of the bodhisattva's power of positive thought (āśayabala); power of high resolve (adhyāśaya-); power of application (prayoga-); power of wisdom (prajña-); power of prayer (praṇidhāna-); power of vehicle (yāna-); power of activities (caryā-); power of emanations (vikurvaṇa-); power of enlightenment (bodhi-); and power of turning the wheel of the Dharma (dharmacakrapravartaṇa-).</p>d power of turning the wheel of the Dharma (dharmacakrapravartaṇa-).</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/nam mkha' mtha' yas skye mched bsgrubs te gnas pa  + (<p>Fourth of the eight aspects of liberation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/theg pa chen po  + (<p>Great Vehicle.</p><p> … <p>Great Vehicle.</p><p>Literally the Sanskrit means "great way," but in Buddhism this has developed the meaning of great vehicle, and so is translated literally into Tibetan as "great carrier."</p><p>The "Great Vehicle" of Buddhism, called "great" because it carries all living beings to enlightenment of Buddhahood. It is distinguished from the Hinayāna, including the Śrāvākayāna (Śrāvaka Vehicle) and Pratyekabuddhayāna (Solitary Sage Vehicle), which only carries each person who rides on it to their own personal liberation.</p><p>The same as the Bodhisattva Vehicle, whose practitioners aim at complete buddhahood.</p><p>When the Buddhist teachings are classified according to their power to lead beings to an enlightened state, a distinction is made between the teachings of the Lesser Vehicle, which emphasizes the individual's own freedom from cyclic existence as the primary motivation and goal, and those of the Great Vehicle, which emphasizes altruism and has the liberation of all sentient beings as the principal objective. As the term "Great Vehicle" implies, the path followed by bodhisattvas is analogous to a large carriage which can transport a vast number of people to liberation, as compared to a smaller vehicle for the individual practitioner.</p>r of people to liberation, as compared to a smaller vehicle for the individual practitioner.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/rnam par thar pa bsam gyis mi khyab pa  + (<p>Inconceivable liberation of the bodhisattvas, a name of the Avataṃsaka, and a subtitle of the Vimalakīrtinirdeśa.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/theg pa dman pa  + (<p>Literally "the lesser way" or "le … <p>Literally "the lesser way" or "lesser vehicle." It is a collective term for the śrāvakayāna and pratyekabuddhayāna, which have nirvāṇa instead of buddhahood as their goal.</p><p>See "disciple vehicle."</p><p>The "Lesser Vehicle" of Buddhism, taught by the Buddha for those unable immediately to conceive the spirit of enlightenment, as a means for them to attain personal liberation. It is used of course in the Mahāyāna sūtras, as a contrast to their own "Great Vehicle," which is taught as a means for living beings of the loftiest aspiration to attain the liberation of self and others through simultaneous perfection of wisdom and compassion, that is called Buddhahood.</p>eous perfection of wisdom and compassion, that is called Buddhahood.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/dkar po rnam par mthong ba'i sa  + (<p>Name of the first level to be acquired by bodhisattvas.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/sprul pa  + (<p>One of the classes of beings barr … <p>One of the classes of beings barred from joining the renunciate order. The word {sprul pa} denotes a wide range of phenomena—emanations, apparitions, conjurings, shape-shifting creatures, etc.—all united by their tendency to morph through their own agency or another's. We have therefore translated {sprul pa} according to context as "emanation," "shape-shifter," "trickster," or "conjuring."</p><p>See "emanated incarnation."</p><p>See "shape-shifter."</p><p>This refers to the miraculous power of the Buddha and bodhisattvas of a certain stage to emanate apparently living beings in order to develop and teach living beings. This power reaches its culmination in the nirmāṇakayā, the "incarnation body," which is one of the three bodies of buddhahood and includes all physical forms of all buddhas, including Śākyamuni, whose sole function as incarnations is the development and liberation of living beings.</p>ole function as incarnations is the development and liberation of living beings.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/lan cig phyir 'ong ba  + (<p>One who has achieved the second o … <p>One who has achieved the second of the four levels of attainment on the śrāvaka path, and who will have only one more rebirth before attaining liberation.</p><p>One who is destined to return to the world for only one more incarnation; one of the fruits of the Śrāvakayāna.</p><p>Second of the four stages that culminates in becoming an arhat. At this stage a being will only be reborn once again in this world.</p><p>The second level of noble ones when practicing the path of the hearers (bound to be born again no more than once).</p><p>The second level of the four kinds of noble person (āryapudgala, {'phags pa'i gang zag}), who will only be reborn once more before attaining the state of arhat.</p>hags pa'i gang zag}), who will only be reborn once more before attaining the state of arhat.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/sgrub thabs  + (<p>Practice involving mantra and visualization.</p><p>The method of practice. Experiential methods for actualizing spiritual attainments and liberation. <br> practice method</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/nang gzugs med par 'du shes pas phyi rol gyi gzugs rnams la lta ba  + (<p>Second of the eight aspects of liberation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/rnam par thar pa'i sgo mtshan ma med pa  + (<p>Second of the three gateways to liberation. <br> signlessness that is a gateway to liberation</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/rnam par thar pa  + (<p>See "eight aspects of liberation."</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/mi 'jigs pa  + (<p>See "fourfold fearlessness."</ … <p>See "fourfold fearlessness."</p><p>The Buddha has four fearlessnesses, as do the bodhisattvas. The four fearlessnesses of the Buddha are: fearlessness regarding the realization of all things; fearlessness regarding knowledge of the exhaustion of all impurities; fearlessness of foresight through ascertainment of the persistence of obstructions; and fearlessness in the rightness of the path leading to the attainment of the supreme success. The fearlessnesses of the bodhisattva are: fearlessness in teaching the meaning he has understood from what he has learned and practiced; fearlessness resulting from the successful maintenance of purity in physical, verbal, and mental action—without relying on others' kindness, being naturally flawless through his understanding of the absence of self; fearlessness resulting from freedom from obstruction in virtue, in teaching, and in delivering living beings, through the perfection of wisdom and liberative art and through not forgetting and constantly upholding the teachings; and fearlessness in the ambition to attain full mastery of omniscience—without any deterioration or deviation to other practices—and to accomplish all the aims of all living beings. <br> fearlessnesses</p><p>The four kinds of assurance of a tathāgata (caturvaiśāraya, {mi 'jigs pa bzhi}) are: 1) assurance concerning complete awakening (abhisambodhivaiśāradya, {thams cad mkhyen pa la mi 'jigs pa}); 2) assurance concerning the destruction of the impurities (āsravakṣayavaiśāradya, {zag pa zad pa mkhyen pa la mi 'jigs pa}); 3) assurance concerning harmful things (antarāyikadharmavaiśāradya, {bar du gcod pa'i chos la mi 'jigs pa}); 4) assurance concerning the path that leads to emancipation (nairyāṇikapratipadvaiśāradya, {thob par 'gyur bar nges par 'byung ba'i lam la mi 'jigs pa}). (See Rahula 2001: 230, in which they are called "perfect self-confidence").</p><p>This refers to the four confidences or fearlessnesses of the Buddha: confidence in having attained realization, confidence in having attained elimination, confidence in teaching the Dharma, and confidence in teaching the path of aspiration to liberation.</p><p>This refers to the four confidences or fearlessnesses of the Buddha: confidence in having attained realization, confidence in having fully eliminated all defilements, confidence in teaching the Dharma, and confidence in teaching the path of aspiration to liberation.</p>onfidence in teaching the Dharma, and confidence in teaching the path of aspiration to liberation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/'du shes med 'du shes med min skye mched bsgrubs te gnas pa  + (<p>Seventh of the eight aspects of liberation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/ci yang med pa'i skye mched bsgrubs te gnas pa  + (<p>Sixth of the eight aspects of liberation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/rang sangs rgyas  + (<p>Solitary buddha, so called becaus … <p>Solitary buddha, so called because he attains nirvāṇa on his own.</p><p>Solitary buddha. Someone who has attained liberation entirely through their own contemplation, hence their alternate epithet, pratyayajina, which means one who has become a jina, or buddha, through dependence [on external factors that were contemplated upon]. This is the result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, they do not have the necessary accumulated merit nor the motivation to teach others.</p><p>A hermit buddha who attains individual enlightenment, either in solitude or in small groups, without relying on a teacher. <br> (See also note http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-8).</p><p>An individual who, in his or her last life, attains realization by realizing the nature of dependent origination without relying upon a spiritual guide.</p><p>Literally, "buddha for himself," or "solitary realiser." Those who attain buddhahood in a time when the Buddha's doctrine is no longer available in the world, and who remain either in solitude or amongst peers, without teaching the path to liberation to others. They are sometimes called "rhinoceros-like" for their preference to stay in solitude. <br> pratyeka</p><p>Solitary awakened one.</p><p>Someone who has attained liberation entirely through his own contemplation as a result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, does not have the accumulated merit and motivation to teach others.</p><p>Someone who has attained liberation entirely through their own contemplation as a result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, does not have the accumulated merit and motivation to teach others. See also http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-051-001.html#UT22084-051-001-731 and http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-051-001.html#UT22084-051-001-734. <br> pratyekabuddhahood</p><p>Someone who obtains personal liberation through very little or no instruction from others; "solitary buddha" in some interpretations.</p><p>The disciples of the Buddha who followed the Lesser Vehicle (Hīnayāna). The term "pratyekabuddha" means that they "on their own" became "buddhas."</p>ions.</p><p>The disciples of the Buddha who followed the Lesser Vehicle (Hīnayāna). The term "pratyekabuddha" means that they "on their own" became "buddhas."</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/rang rgyal  + (<p>Solitary buddha. Someone who has … <p>Solitary buddha. Someone who has attained liberation entirely through their own contemplation, hence their alternate epithet, pratyayajina, which means one who has become a jina, or buddha, through dependence [on external factors that were contemplated upon]. This is the result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, they do not have the necessary accumulated merit nor the motivation to teach others.</p><p>A hermit buddha who attains individual enlightenment, either in solitude or in small groups, without relying on a teacher. <br> (See also note http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-8).</p><p>Synonymous with pratyekabuddha.</p>html#UT22084-031-002-8).</p><p>Synonymous with pratyekabuddha.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/mngon par shes pa  + (<p>Special powers of which five, acq … <p>Special powers of which five, acquired through the meditative contemplations (dhyāna), are considered mundane (laukika) and can be attained to some extent by outsider yogis as well as Buddhist arhats and bodhisattvas; and a sixth—being acquired through a bodhisattva's realization, or by buddhas alone according to some accounts—is supramundane (lokottara). The first five are: divine eye or vision (divyacakṣu), divine hearing (divyaśrotra), knowledge of others' minds (paracittajñāna), knowledge of former (and future) lives (pūrva[para]nivāsānusmṛtijñāna), and knowledge of magical operations (ṛddhividhijñāna). The sixth, supramundane one is knowledge of the exhaustion of defilements (āsravakṣayajñāna).</p><p>The higher cognitions are listed as either five or six. The first five are: clairvoyance (divine sight), divine hearing, knowing how to manifest miracles, remembering previous lives, knowing what is in the minds of others. A sixth, knowing that all defects have been eliminated, is often added. The first five are attained through dhyāna, and are sometimes described as worldly, as they can be attained to some extent by non-Buddhist yogis; while the sixth is supramundane and attained only by realization—by bodhisattvas, or according to some accounts only by buddhas.</p><p>There are six kinds of higher knowledge: divine sight, divine hearing, knowing how to manifest miracles, remembering previous lives, knowing what is in the minds of others, and knowing that all defects have been eliminated. Sometimes listed as five, without the sixth.</p>s have been eliminated. Sometimes listed as five, without the sixth.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/'jig rten las 'das pa'i chos  + (<p>Supramundane phenomena, as found … <p>Supramundane phenomena, as found in http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-411, include the following: the four applications of mindfulness, the four correct exertions, the four supports for miraculous abilities, the five faculties, the five powers, the seven branches of enlightenment, the noble eightfold path, the three gateways to liberation, the faculties that will enable knowledge of all that is unknown, the faculties that acquire the knowledge of all things, the faculties endowed with the knowledge of all things, the meditative stability endowed with ideation and scrutiny, the meditative stability free from ideation and merely endowed with scrutiny, the meditative stability free from both ideation and scrutiny, the [eighteen] aspects of emptiness (starting from the emptiness of internal phenomena and ending with the emptiness of the essential nature of non-entities), the ten powers of the tathāgatas, the four assurances, the four unhindered discernments, great loving kindness, great compassion, and the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas. <br> (See also note http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-408 and http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-412).</p>slation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-412).</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/zag pa zad pa yang dag pa ji lta ba bzhin du rab tu shes pa  + (<p>Tenth of the ten powers of the ta … <p>Tenth of the ten powers of the tathāgatas. <br> definitively know that through their extrasensory powers they have actualized, achieved, and maintained in this very lifetime the liberation of mind and the liberation of wisdom in the state that is free from contaminants because all contaminants have ceased</p> contaminants because all contaminants have ceased</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/zag pa zad pa  + (<p>Tenth of the ten powers of the ta … <p>Tenth of the ten powers of the tathāgatas. <br> definitively know that through their extrasensory powers they have actualized, achieved, and maintained in this very lifetime the liberation of mind and the liberation of wisdom in the state that is free from contaminants because all contaminants have ceased</p> contaminants because all contaminants have ceased</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/mtshan ma ma mchis pa  + (<p>The absence of the conceptual identification of perceptions. Knowing that the true nature has no attributes, such as color, shape, etc. One of the three doorways to liberation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/rnam par thar pa brgyad  + (<p>The eight aspects of liberation e … <p>The eight aspects of liberation ensue: (1) when corporeal beings observe physical forms [in order to compose the mind]; (2) when formless beings endowed with internal perception observe external physical forms; (3) when beings are inclined toward pleasant states; (4) when one achieves and abides in the sense field of infinite space, thinking, 'Space is infinite.' (5) The fifth ensues when one achieves and abides in the sense field of infinite consciousness, thinking, 'Consciousness is infinite.' (6) The sixth is when one achieves and abides in the sense field of nothing-at-all, thinking, 'There is nothing at all.' (7) The seventh is when one achieves and abides in the sense field of neither perception nor non-perception. (8) The eighth is when one achieves and abides in the cessation of all perceptions and feelings. <br> For a more complete description, see http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-176.</p><p>The first consists of the seeing of form by one who has form; the second consists of the seeing of external form by one with the concept of internal formlessness; the third consists of the physical realization of pleasant liberation and its successful consolidation; the fourth consists of the full entrance to the infinity of space through transcending all conceptions of matter, and the subsequent decline of conceptions of resistance and discredit of conceptions of diversity; the fifth consists of full entrance into the infinity of consciousness, having transcended the infinity of space; the sixth consists of the full entrance into the sphere of nothingness, having transcended the sphere of the infinity of consciousness; the seventh consists of the full entrance into the sphere of neither consciousness nor unconsciousness, having transcended the sphere of nothingness; the eighth consists of the perfect cessation of suffering, having transcended the sphere of neither consciousness nor unconsciousness. Thus the first three liberations form specific links to the ordinary perceptual world; the fourth to seventh are equivalent to the four absorptions; and the eighth represents the highest attainment.</p>absorptions; and the eighth represents the highest attainment.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/mi slob pa'i chos bcu  + (<p>The eight practices of the eight-fold path of the noble ones as well as liberation and wisdom.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/phyir mi ldog pa'i chos kyi 'khor lo  + (<p>The fact that the Dharma is not a … <p>The fact that the Dharma is not a single dogma, law, or fixed system, but instead an adaptable body of techniques available for any living being to aid in his development and liberation is emphasized by this metaphor. This wheel is said to turn by the current of energy from the needs and wishes of living beings, and its turning automatically converts negative energies (e.g., desire, hatred, and ignorance) to positive ones (e.g., detachment, love, and wisdom).</p>e ones (e.g., detachment, love, and wisdom).</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/rnam par shes pa  + (<p>The fifth of the five aggregates; … <p>The fifth of the five aggregates; also counted as the sixth of the six elements. In most Abhidharma accounts it comprises the six sensory consciousnesses, but in Yogācāra theory two more kinds of consciousness, afflicted (kliṣṭamanas) and storehouse (ālayavijñāna), are added. The term "consciousness" in this sūtra should not be assumed to conform fully to these classic categorizations.</p><p>Third of the twelve links of dependent origination. Consciousness is defined as "an awareness which is knowing and luminous." Not being physical, it lacks resistance to obstruction. It has neither shape nor color, and it can be experienced but not externally perceived as an object. A distinction is made between the mundane consciousness of sentient beings, and the pristine cognition of the buddhas. In the context of the present discourse, the former includes six aspects of consciousness, namely, visual consciousness, auditory consciousness, olfactory consciousness, tactile consciousness, and mental consciousness, the last of which objectively refers to mental phenomena.</p>he last of which objectively refers to mental phenomena.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/dga' bzhi  + (<p>The four types of bliss arising during sexual intercourse, the full understanding of which leads to liberation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/dga' ba bzhi  + (<p>The four types of bliss arising during sexual intercourse, the full understanding of which leads to liberation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/so sor thar pa  + (<p>The rules of conduct that lead to liberation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/de bzhin gshegs pa'i stobs bcu  + (<p>The ten powers of the tathāgatas, … <p>The ten powers of the tathāgatas, as presented in http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-245, are: (1) definitive knowledge that things which are possible are indeed possible; (2) definitive knowledge that things which are impossible are indeed impossible; (3) definitive knowledge, through possibilities and causes, of the maturation of past, future, and present actions, and of those who undertake such actions; (4) definitive knowledge of multiple world systems and diverse dispositions; (5) definitive knowledge of the diversity of inclinations and the multiplicity of inclinations that other sentient beings and other individuals have; (6) definitive knowledge of whether the acumen of other sentient beings and other individuals is supreme or not; (7) definitive knowledge of the paths that lead anywhere; (8) definitive knowledge of all the afflicted and purified mental states and their emergence, with respect to the faculties, powers, branches of enlightenment, aspects of liberation, meditative concentrations, meditative stabilities, and formless absorptions; (9) definitive knowledge of the recollection of multiple past abodes, and of the transference of consciousness at the death and birth of all sentient beings; and (10) definitive knowledge that through one's own extrasensory powers one has actualized, achieved, and maintained in this very lifetime the liberation of mind and the liberation of wisdom in the state that is free from contaminants because all contaminants have ceased. <br> ten powers of a tathāgata</p> have ceased. <br> ten powers of a tathāgata</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/sangs rgyas gyi chos ma 'dres pa  + (<p>There are eighteen such qualities … <p>There are eighteen such qualities unique to a buddha: the ten powers, the four fearlessnesses, the three mindfulnesses, and great compassion.</p><p>There are eighteen such special qualities unique to a buddha. They are as follows: he never makes a mistake; he is never boisterous; he never forgets; his concentration never falters; he has no notion of distinctness; his equanimity is not due to lack of consideration; his motivation never falters; his endeavor never fails; his mindfulness never falters; he never abandons his concentration; his wisdom never decreases; his liberation never fails; all his physical actions are preceded and followed by wisdom; all his verbal actions are preceded and followed by wisdom; all his mental actions are preceded and followed by wisdom; his knowledge and vision perceive the past without any attachment or hindrance; his knowledge and vision perceive the future without any attachment or hindrance; and his knowledge and vision perceive the present without any attachment or hindrance.</p>erceive the present without any attachment or hindrance.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/sdug pa nyid du mos pa  + (<p>Third of the eight aspects of liberation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/rnam par thar pa'i sgo smon pa med pa  + (<p>Third of the three gateways to liberation. <br> aspirationlessness that is a gateway to liberation</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/rnam par thar ba  + (<p>This can include any method for l … <p>This can include any method for liberation. The most common list is of eight liberations: (1) form viewing form, the view of dependent origination and emptiness; (2) the formless viewing form, having seen internal emptiness, seeing the emptiness of external forms; (3) the view of the pleasant, seeing pleasant appearances as empty and contemplating the unpleasant; (4) seeing the emptiness of the formless meditation of infinite space; (5) seeing the emptiness of the formless meditation of infinite consciousness; (6) seeing the emptiness of the formless meditation of nothingness; (7) seeing the emptiness of the formless meditation of neither perception nor nonperception; (8) seeing the emptiness of the state of cessation.</p><p>This can include any method for liberation. The most commonly listed are the eight liberations: (1) form viewing form: the view of dependent origination and emptiness; (2) the formless viewing form: having seen internal emptiness, seeing the emptiness of external forms; (3) the view of the pleasant: seeing pleasant appearances as empty and contemplating the unpleasant; (4) seeing the emptiness of the formless meditation of infinite space; (5) seeing the emptiness of the formless meditation of infinite consciousness; (6) seeing the emptiness of the formless meditation of nothingness; (7) seeing the emptiness of the formless meditation of neither perception nor nonperception; and (8) seeing the emptiness of the state of cessation.</p> and (8) seeing the emptiness of the state of cessation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/nges pa la zhugs pa  + (<p>This is the stage attained by fol … <p>This is the stage attained by followers of the Hinayāna wherein they become determined for the attainment of liberation (nirvāṇa, i.e., the ultimate for them) in such a way as never to regress from their goals, and by bodhisattvas when they attain the holy path of insight. (See "five paths" entry, glossary.)</p>insight. (See "five paths" entry, glossary.)</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/thams cad mkhyen pa  + (<p>This refers to the gnosis of the … <p>This refers to the gnosis of the Buddha, with which there is nothing he does not know. However, not to confuse "omniscience" with the theistic conception of an omniscient god, the "everything" here is specifically everything about the source of the predicament of worldly life and the way of transcendence of that world through liberation. Since "everything" is only an abstract term without any particular referent, once we are clear about the implications of infinity, it does not refer to any sort of ultimate totality, since a totality can only be relative, i.e., a totality within a particular frame of reference. Thus, as Dharmakīrti has remarked, "it is not a question of the Buddha's knowing the number of fish in the ocean," i.e., since there are infinity of fish in infinity of oceans in infinity of worlds and universes. The Buddha's omniscience, rather, knows how to develop and liberate any fish in any ocean, as well as all other living beings.</p>y ocean, as well as all other living beings.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/nges 'byung  + (<p>This term is also translated as 'renunciation' and denotes the practitioner's mind turning away from the bonds of saṃsāra and towards liberation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/nyi tshe ba'i spyod pa  + (<p>This term refers to the restricte … <p>This term refers to the restricted, biased, narrow-minded attitudes and practices of the disciple vehicle, which itself is called Skt. prādeśikāyāna ("limited, or narrow-minded, vehicle") (Mvy, 1254). It is narrow-minded because it posits the reality of the elements of existence as apparently perceived and because it aspires only to personal liberation, not to the exaltation of buddhahood.</p>ration, not to the exaltation of buddhahood.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/phal po che  + (<p>This vast Mahāyāna sūtra (also ca … <p>This vast Mahāyāna sūtra (also called the Buddhāvataṃsaka) deals with the miraculous side of the Mahāyāna. It is important in relation to the Vimalakīrtinirdeśa, since the latter's fifth chapter, "The Inconceivable Liberation," is a highly abbreviated version of the essential teaching of the former.</p>ion of the essential teaching of the former.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/don dam pa  + (<p>Ultimate is preferable to the usu … <p>Ultimate is preferable to the usual "absolute" because it carries fewer connotations than "absolute"—which, however, when understood logically, is also correct. It is contrasted with "superficial" (vyavahāra) or "relative" (samvṛtti) to give the two types, or "levels.," of truth. It is synonymous with ultimate reality, the uncompounded, voidness, reality, limit of reality, absolute, nirvāṇa, ultimate liberation, infinity, permanence, eternity, independence, etc. It also has the soteriological sense of "sacred" as opposed to "profane" as is conveyed by its literal rendering "supreme" (parama) "object" (artha).</p><p>Of final truth or reality.</p>t" (artha).</p><p>Of final truth or reality.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/thun mong ma lags pa'i chos  + (<p>Uncommon phenomena from the persp … <p>Uncommon phenomena from the perspective of ordinary persons, as described in http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-418, include the following: the thirty-seven aspects of enlightenment, the ten powers of the tathāgatas, the four assurances, the four unhindered discernments, the three gateways to liberation, and [all the aforementioned attributes], up to and including the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas. <br> (See also note http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-408).</p>slation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-408).</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/dgra bcom pa  + (<p>Worthy one or "someone who has ki … <p>Worthy one or "someone who has killed his foes" (i.e., mental afflictions); a Buddhist saint who has obtained liberation.</p><p>Worthy. A being who has eliminated afflictive emotions and hence is liberated from suffering. The Tibetan, taking a doubtful Sanskrit etymology ari han, understands the term as "foe destroyer."</p><p>According to Buddhist tradition, one who has conquered his enemy passions (kleśa-ari-hata) and reached the supreme purity. The term can refer to buddhas as well as to those who have reached realization of the disciple vehicle.</p><p>Final goal of the śrāvaka practitioner.</p><p>Fourth of the four fruits attainable by śrāvakas. One who has eliminated all afflicted mental states and personally ended the cycle of rebirth. <br> arhatship</p><p>One who has achieved the fourth and final level of attainment on the śrāvaka path, and who has attained liberation with the cessation of all mental afflictions.</p><p>Sometimes translated "worthy one," a term for one who is liberated and who has extirpated the passions (kleśa, {nyon mongs}).</p><p>Used as both an epithet of the Buddha and the final accomplishment of early Buddhism, or the Hīnayāna.</p><p>Used as both as an epithet of the Buddha and the final accomplishment of early Buddhism, or the Hīnayāna. <br> arhathood <br> arhats</p><p>Used both as an epithet of the Buddha and to mean the final accomplishment of early Buddhism, or the Hīnayāna.</p>a. <br> arhathood <br> arhats</p><p>Used both as an epithet of the Buddha and to mean the final accomplishment of early Buddhism, or the Hīnayāna.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/smon pa med pa  + (<p>lacking aspiration</p><p … <p>lacking aspiration</p><p>Meditative concentration which views nirvāṇa, which is the complete pacification of the aggregates; the third of the Three Doors of Liberation.</p><p>The absence of any conceptual goal that one is focused upon achieving, knowing that all composite phenomena create suffering. One of the three doorways to liberation.</p><p>Third of the Three Doors of Liberation (see glossary). Objectively, it is equivalent to voidness; subjectively, it is the outcome of the holy gnosis of voidness as the realization of the ultimate lack of anything to wish for, whether voidness itself, or even Buddhahood. See "emptiness."</p>thing to wish for, whether voidness itself, or even Buddhahood. See "emptiness."</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/44-84000Definitions/phyir mi 'ong ba  + (<p>no longer being subject to rebirt … <p>no longer being subject to rebirth <br> no longer be subject to rebirth</p><p>One who has achieved the third of the four levels of attainment on the śrāvaka path, and who will not be reborn in saṃsāra any longer.</p><p>One who is destined to no longer return to the world; one of the fruits of the Śrāvakayāna.</p><p>The third level of noble ones when practicing the path of the hearers (bound to never be reborn).</p><p>The third of the four stages that culminate in becoming an arhat. At this stage a being will not be reborn in this world but will be reborn in the Śuddhāvāsa paradise where he will remain until liberation.</p>in this world but will be reborn in the Śuddhāvāsa paradise where he will remain until liberation.</p>)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/23232  + (Bindu of Liberation". A terma discovered b … Bindu of Liberation". A terma discovered by Trengpo Drodül Lingpa (phreng po 'gro 'dul gling pa), also known as Sherab Özer (shes rab 'od zer)(1517-1584). Its full title is grol tig dgongs pa rang grol "The Bindu of Liberation, the Spontaneous Liberation of the Mind"n, the Spontaneous Liberation of the Mind")
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/30410  + (Chakra, wheel, sacred diagrams for protection and liberation)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/01-Hopkins2015/15518  + (Clarifier of the Path to Liberation)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/31221  + (Confusion and liberation)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/05-Hopkins-Def2015/rang rgyal gyi lam  + (Def.: Solitary Realizer's clear realizer that serves to open the passageway for the opportunity of progressing toward a Solitary Realizer's liberation)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/05-Hopkins-Def2015/theg chen gyi mthong lam bar chad med lam  + (Def.: a Great Vehicle clear realizer of truth that serves as the actual antidote to the artificial conception of true existence which is its corresponding object of abandonment)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/05-Hopkins-Def2015/theg chen gyi mthong lam rnam grol lam  + (Def.: a Great Vehicle clear realizer of truth that is distinguished by [being a state that involves] having abandoned the artificial obstructions to omniscience)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/05-Hopkins-Def2015/theg chen gyi mi slob lam  + (Def.: a final exalted knower that involves a state of having completely abandoned the two obstructions)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/05-Hopkins-Def2015/skyes bu 'bring gi lam  + (Def.: an attitude that is posited from the standpoint of mainly seeking liberation for the sake of oneself alone, from the viewpoint of having turned the mind away from the marvels of cyclic existence)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/05-Hopkins-Def2015/nyan thos kyi mthong lam bar chad med lam  + (Definition: Hearer's clear realizer of truth that is an actual antidote to the artificial afflictive obstructions)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/05-Hopkins-Def2015/byang sems kyi lam  + (Definition: a Bodhisattva's clear realizer that serves as an opener of the passageway that provides the opportunity for progressing to the Mahāyāna liberation)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/05-Hopkins-Def2015/snyan thos kyi mthong lam rnam grol lam  + (Definition: a Hearer clear realizer of truth which is a path of release that abandons the artificial afflictive obstructions)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/05-Hopkins-Def2015/snyan thos kyi sgom lam rnam grol lam  + (Definition: a Hearer's subsequent clear realizer that is a path of release that involves a state of having abandoned the afflictive obstructions that are to be abandoned by the path of meditation, these being the respective objects of abandonment by the u)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/05-Hopkins-Def2015/nyan thos kyi sgom lam bar chad med lam  + (Definition: a Hearer's subsequent clear realizer that serves as an actual antidote to its own respective objects of abandonment, these being the afflictive obstructions which are to be abandoned by the path of meditation)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/05-Hopkins-Def2015/mi slob lam  + (Definition: an exalted knower that is posited from the viewpoint of having abandoned the afflictive obstructions)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/11-Hopkins-Divisions2015/yi dags  + (Div.: (1) having later obstructions; (2) having present obstructions; (3) having both later and present obstructions)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/11-Hopkins-Divisions2015/sems bskyed  + (Div.: 1) [mind-generations of] pure imagination, 2) [mind-generations that are] pure unusual attitudes, 3) aspirational mind-generations, 4) mind-generations that have abandoned the obstructions)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/11-Hopkins-Divisions2015/bdag 'dzin  + (Divisions: (1) artificial conception of self; (2) innate conception of self)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/11-Hopkins-Divisions2015/bden 'dzin  + (Divisions: (1) artificial conception of true existence; (2) innate conception of true existence)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/11-Hopkins-Divisions2015/yi dwags  + (Divisions: (1) having later obstructions; (2) having present obstructions; (3) having both later and present obstructions)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/7899  + (Eight qualities of loving kindness; : If o … Eight qualities of loving kindness; : If one has loving kindness, (1) It will rejoice gods and men (2) they will protect one (3) one will not be harmed by poison and (4) by weapons (5) one will have a happy mind (6) one will experience manifold happiness (7) one will accomplish effortlessly one's aspirations (8) and even if one does not achieve liberation immediately one will be reborn in the highest realmly one will be reborn in the highest realm)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/19872  + (Gangshar Rangdröl, "Self Liberation of Whatever Arises," whatever appears [arises] as self-liberation)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/01-Hopkins2015/9809  + (Hearer's partial concordance with liberation)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/19121  + (Jewel Ornament of Liberation)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/12494  + (Jewel Ornament of Liberation, by Gampopa. Short: [[thar rgyan]], [[dvags po'i thar rgyan]])
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/12493  + (Jewel Ornament of Liberation; by Gampopa)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/2188  + (Kagyü. The lineage of teachings brought to … Kagyü. The lineage of teachings brought to Tibet by Lord Marpa, received from the dharmakaya buddha Vajradhara by the Indian siddha Tilopa, Saraha, and others. Transmitted by Naropa and Maitripa to the Tibetan translator Marpa, the lineage was passed on to Milarepa, Gampopa, Karmapa and others. The main emphasis is on the path of means which is the Six doctrines of Naropa, and the path of liberation which is the Mahamudra instructions of Maitripa is the Mahamudra instructions of Maitripa)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/680  + (Liberation Through Hearing in the Bardo)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/681  + (Liberation Through Hearing in the Bardo. Liberation Through Hearing in the Bardo)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/01-Hopkins2015/2793  + (Liberation of Maitreya Sūtra)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/23218  + (Mahamudra, the path of liberation. Comp. with [[thabs lam na ro chos drug]])
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/1731  + (Mara. Demon or demonic influence that crea … Mara. Demon or demonic influence that creates obstacles for practice and enlightenment. Mythologically said be a powerful god who dwells in the highest abode in the Realm of Desire; the master of illusion who attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya. For the Dharma practitioner, Mara symbolizes one's own ego-clinging and preoccupation with the eight worldly concerns. Generally, there are four maras or obstructions to practice of the Dharma: those of defilements, death and the aggregates, and the godly mara of seduction. Sometimes the four maras are mentioned by name; Lord of Death, Godly Son, Klesha and Skandhard of Death, Godly Son, Klesha and Skandha)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/23215  + (Path of liberation. 1) When related to the … Path of liberation. 1) When related to the 'path of ripening' it refers to the practice of the oral instructions of one's personal vajra master. 2) When related to the 'path of means' it refers to the practice of sustaining the natural state of mind; Mahamudra or Dzogchentural state of mind; Mahamudra or Dzogchen)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/5936  + (Performing the liberation activity)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/14661  + (Precious Sangha. Noble and accomplished practitioners endowed with the virtues of knowledge and liberation)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/28308  + (Primordial purity. The basic nature of sentient beings which is originally untainted by defilement and beyond confusion and liberation)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/14890  + (Skt. bhikshu - Gelong, monk, a fully ordai … Skt. bhikshu - Gelong, monk, a fully ordained monk [fully ordained with 253 precepts], i.e., A practitioner who has renounced worldly life and has taken the pledge to observe the 253 precepts of a fully ordained monk in order to attain liberation from samsarain order to attain liberation from samsara)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/2554  + (The combined tradition of the Kadampa and Mahamudra teachings, contained in the Jewel Ornament of Liberation [[sgam po thar rgyan]]. of Gampopa)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/15839  + (Three Jewels. The Precious Buddha, the Pre … Three Jewels. The Precious Buddha, the Precious Dharma and the Precious Sangha. In The Light of Wisdom (Shambhala Publ.), Jamgön Kongtrül explains: "The Buddha is the nature of the four kayas and five wisdoms endowed with the twofold purity and the perfection of the twofold welfare. The Dharma is what is expressed, the unconditioned truth of total purification comprised of cessation and path, and that which expresses, the two aspects of statement and realization appearing as the names, words and letters of the teachings. The Sangha consists of the actual Sangha, the sons of the victorious ones abiding on the noble bhumis who are endowed with the qualities of wisdom and liberation, and the resembling Sangha who are on the paths of accumulation and joining as well as the noble shravakas and pratyekabuddhas." the noble shravakas and pratyekabuddhas.")
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/29726  + (Two Subdivisions of the Random Category of … Two Subdivisions of the Random Category of the Esoteric Instruction Class. With reference to the establishment of reality there are the Esoteric Instructions Which Conclude the Path [[bzhag pa lam gyi mtha' gcod pa'i man ngag]] and with reference to liberation there are the Esoteric Instructions of Pure Power Which Disclose the Path [[grol ba stobs dag pa lam mngon gyur gyi man ngag]][[grol ba stobs dag pa lam mngon gyur gyi man ngag]])
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/31619  + (Vaishnava, a philosopher of ancient India, Vishnu worshippers, [assert a permanent and partless self, practice of syllable OM is asserted as a path of liberation]; Vaishnava)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/15216  + (Visualization of the triangular pit (hom bskyed) for the liberation of the enemies and obstructers)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/15601  + (White Path of Liberation, a description of the gold offering to the Stupa of Boudhanath)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/01-Hopkins2015/11922  + ([Gyel-tsap's] Illumination of the Path to Liberation / Explanation of (Dharmakīrti's) Commentary on (Dignāga's) "Compilation of Prime Cognition": Unerring Illumination of the Path to Liberation [thar lam gsal byed / tshad ma rnam 'grel gyi tshig)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/10-RichardBarron/bcos pa  + ([['chos]] to contrive; to fashion/ tailor/ mold/ shape; to concoct/ fabricate/ compromise; isc. to improve on. [[bcos ma]] contrived/ artificial; concocted/ fabricated; isc. influence(d)/ affect(ed))
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/19553  + ([['gal ba, 'gal ba, 'gal ba]] intr. v.; a … [['gal ba, 'gal ba, 'gal ba]] intr. v.; a breach; Virodhin, [the 23rd year, Female Earth Ox]. contradictory, obstruction, to be in opposition or contradiction to, to oppose, contravene, contradict, breach, violation, go against, disagree violation, transgression, incompatibility, conflict, contrary, inconsistency, contradiction. [[mi 'gal ba]] non-contradictory. contradiction; to contradictontradictory. contradiction; to contradict)
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/02-RangjungYeshe/1037  + ([[bcos ma]] contrived/ artificial; concocted/ fabricated; isc. influence(d)/ affect(ed))
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/10-RichardBarron/bcos ma  + ([[bcos pa]] contrived/ artificial; concocted/ fabricated; isc. influence(d)/ affect(ed))
  • Steinert App Dictionaries/10-RichardBarron/zhing bcu  + ([[bsgral ba'i zhing bcu]] ten candidates/ subjects suitable/ suitable candidates/ subjects (for liberation))
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