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Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/utkūla (3332) + ((utkUla, utkUla) utkūla& … (utkUla, utkUla) utkūla¦, adj., high, rising; only with nikūla, low, [Page121-b+ 71] descending, and usually in cpd. utkūla-nikūla (cf. Pali ukkūla-vikūla, interpreted as high and low, AN comm. ii.35.21), high and low, hence uneven: Mvy 2708 °lam, and 2709 nikūlam (the Tib. definitions, śaṅ ṅam śoṅ 2708, ḥbar ḥbur ram mtho dman 2709, seem to refer confusedly to the pair of words together, and mean uneven, high- and-low); LV 77.17 utkūlanikūlāś ca pṛthivīpradeśāḥ samāḥ samavasthitāḥ, and the high-and-low (uneven) places became even; 272.17 utkūla-nikūla-sama-kara- caraṇa-gatiḥ (of the Bodhisattva's gait),…making even places that were uneven; MSV i.14.19 (as an ādīnava). The cpd. utkūla-nikūla occurs VS 30.14, where it is un- explained in comm. and not definable by context; utkūla occurs once or twice besides; nikūla is hardly recorded otherwise, and seems to be unknown in MIndic (Pali has vikūla instead, above).ere it is un- explained in comm. and not definable by context; utkūla occurs once or twice besides; nikūla is hardly recorded otherwise, and seems to be unknown in MIndic (Pali has vikūla instead, above).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/utsāhana (3466) + ((utsAhana, utsAhana) utsāhana¦ (nt.; cf. utsahanā, and next), inspiration, [Page127-b+ 71] the making energetic: in title of SP chap. 26, samantabha- drotsāhana-parivarta, SP 483.5, 7.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/uttānī-karman (3393) + ((uttAnIkarman, uttAnI-karman) uttānī-karman¦ (= Pali °kamma; to prec.), publica- tion, proclaiming, making known: Bbh 408.14 tesām (sc. dharmāṇāṃ) samākhyānaṃ vivaraṇā °karma.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/Uttaptarāṣṭra (3357) + ((uttaptarAzwra, uttaptarAzwra) ? Uttaptarāṣṭra¦, Senart's em. at Mv i.139.13--14 for mss. Āttapta°, Attapta°, see s.v. Ātapta°. But the em. may be right: having a pure rule or kingdom, see uttapta.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/uttari (3382) + ((uttari, uttari) uttari& … (uttari, uttari) uttari¦ (apparently the usual form; also uttarī, chiefly if not wholly m.c.; uttariṃ, once uttarīṃ; uttare, °reṇa; possibly uttaraṃ, but use of this as separate adv. uncertain; in prior part of cpds. uttari-, °re-, °raṃ-, besides normal Skt. uttara-; Pali apparently only uttariṃ as separate word, uttari- in prior part of cpds, besides uttara-) adv., and prep. or postposition with abl. or gen., further, beyond, of time, space, number, etc.; synonym of bhūyas; all the forms enumerated seem to be equivalent and interchangeable to the extent indicated above; none seem recorded in these uses in Skt. or Pkt. acc. to the dictionaries; once uttarī may be intended as n. sg. m. of an adj., Bbh 102.15 (prose) na ebhya uttarī na ebhyo bhūyān anyo hetur vidyate, no other cause is found beyond these, greater than these (cf. the next passages); with de- pendent abl., usually atas, tatas: nāsty ata uttari nāsty ato bhūyaḥ (cf. prec.) Bbh 25.17 (prose); nāta uttari nāto bhūyaḥ 36.18; (cf., without dependent, kutaḥ punar uttari kuto bhūyaḥ 297.22;) tatottarī (m.c.?) agaṇiyu tasya āsīt saṃghas…SP 192.7 (vs; for tata uttari), beyond that (number), incalculable was his assembly; ataś [Page123-b+ 71] ca bhūya uttari viśiṣṭatarāṃ (both edd. as cpd. uttari-vi°) …pūjāṃ kariṣyāmi SP 412.3 (prose); tata uttari (of time) SP 160.4 (prose); ato 'py uttari (of serial numbers) LV 148.12 (prose, and repeatedly in sequel); tatottari LV 154.7 (prose! for tata ut°); tata uttarīṃ (this form is isolated) bahukalpaṃ Dbh.g. 17(353).17, many kalpas beyond this; ata uttari Gv 104.25; LV 239.15 (both prose; to LV corresponds Mv ii.119.5 and 120.16 where uttari has no dependent form); ato ca uttari Mv iii.55.15 (prose); tato vottari tiṣṭhet Sukh 4.12 (prose), or should remain (a time) beyond that; ato bahū uttari lokadhātu Sukh 46.1 (vs); varṣaśataṃ vā tato vottari Gv 522.6 (prose); tata uttare Dbh 48.15 (prose); atottareṇa LV 172.21 (vs; for ata ut°); uttari manuṣyadharmād…jñānadarśanavi- śeṣaṃ sākṣātkartum (263.11 °śeṣaḥ sākṣātkṛto) LV 246.16; 263.11 (both prose; cf. the cpd. uttari-manuṣya° below), …beyond human conditions; with dependent gen., mama uttari yo (ed. uttariyo) viśiṣṭo LV 119.3 (vs), who is distinguished beyond me; naitasya (ed. ne°) ācariya uttari LV 125.5 (vs), there is no teacher higher than he; tasyottareṇa Mv i.2.2, Senart em., but read with mss. pratyot°, q.v.; i.250.5 (śloka vs) dīpaṃkarasya ottareṇa (see this; bad meter), prob. read °karasyottareṇa, which may mean °sya-ut°, after Dīpaṃkara; uttareṇa Vairambhasya mahā- samudrasya Divy 105.29 (prose) beyond…; adv., without dependent: form uttari, uttari cābhyanumodayiṣyanti SP 338.3 (prose), and further they will…; yad uttary arhattve pratiṣṭhāpayet 348.2 (prose), if further he should establish them in arhatship; dānanisargaḥ punar uttari pravartate sma LV 95.7 (prose); (tathā) cottari paryeṣate LV 245.20 (prose); uttari senām āmantrayate sma 319.19 (prose), (Māra) further addressed his host; Mv ii.119.5 and 120.16 (parallel to LV 239.15, above, where ata uttari); uttari viśeṣaṃ (Senart °ri-viś° as cpd.) ārabheyam Mv iii.173.4 (prose), may I attain further (exceptional) dis- tinction (as compared with the retinue, who were now his equals); Mv iii.396.9 (prose; parallel to Pali Sn prose after 517, where uttariṃ, v.l. uttari); Sukh 10.12 (prose); RP 4.3 (vs); Śikṣ 16.14 (prose); Dbh.g. 20(356).17; 23(359).2; in some of the preceding uttari occurs in situations where we should except an adjective, which seems even more called for in the next, where, however, f. or m. gender would be demanded: (na sā strī…saṃvidyate) yā tasyā rūpeṇa samā kutaḥ punar uttari Gv 172.21 (prose)…no one who would be equal to her in beauty, how much less beyond (superior to) her!, and parallels in the sequel with masc. for fem., but always uttari, 172.23, 26, etc.; uttarī (prob. m.c., but cf. Bbh 102.15 above), na uttarī prārthayi (ger., or aor.?) SP 213.10, not asking (or, we did not ask) further; uttariṃ (not m.c., tho in vss!), Dbh.g. 6(342).9; te kalpakoṭīm athavāpi cottariṃ…Sukh 45.6; uttare, sometimes, as in the first two, interpretable as n. sg. m. of uttara (§ 8.25), but so closely parallel in use to uttari that it is better taken as adv.: jātyā ca so viṃśatir uttare vā SP 313.8 (vs); sadṛśo 'sti na te kutottare LV 364.18 (Lefm. with mss. kutontare, Foucaux cites kutottare from a ms., and this is certainly meant); na me 'sty ato 'rtha(ḥ), ata uttare gaṇana apratimasya jñānam (so read) LV 151.4--5 (vs); kaścid uttare naivasaṃjñānāsaṃjñā- yatanasamāpatter mārgaḥ LV 245.3 (prose); uttare vai nānāmiṣeṇa saṃtarpya Gv 146.3, similarly 146.16; 152.15 (all prose); te kalpakoṭīr athavāpi uttare Sukh 74.17 (cf. 45.6, above; vs but end of pāda), they, for crores of kalpas or even further…; in LV 119.6 (vs) reading un- certain, kuta uttaraṃ (so Lefm. with ms. A, other mss. °ri, unmetr.; Calc. °rī, perhaps rightly) vā, how could there be one higher (prob. adverb); [in Mv ii.243.7 (prose) ed. tasya pañjarasya uttariṃ sthitvā, but read with v.l. upari, on top of the cage; this mg. is not found for uttari(ṃ);] in composition, uttari-jñāna-viśeṣasūcanatāyai Gv 191.11 (prose; apparently substantially = uttara); note esp. [Page124-a+ 71] uttarottari-(v.l. °ra-)-viśiṣṭatara-kuśalamūla- LV 429.14 (prose), more and more exceedingly superior roots of merit; (ekam pudgalaṃ sthāpayitvā) śaikṣapratipady uttari- karanīyaṃ Sukh 2.13 (prose), (except one person) who had something left to do in the śaikṣa course (the rest all being arhats); note that Pali has the same cpd. uttari- karaṇīya, but acc. to PTSD only as a karmadharaya, an additional duty, not as a bahuvrīhi as here; in some of the above it is not certain whether uttari- is compounded with the following word or a separate adverb; in LV 246.16; 263.11, above, uttari must be prep., governing manuṣyadharmād; to these passages correspond Mv ii.121.7, 12; 122.2 uttari-manuṣyadharmasya jñānāye darśanāye saṃbodhāye; Senart takes the word as a cpd., depending on jñānāye etc., prob. rightly, tho the gen. manuṣyadharmasya might be dependent on prep. uttari; the latter construction is impossible, and a cpd. (= Pali uttarimanussadhamma, superhuman faculties or conditions; the analysis of the Pali comm. cited by Childers is incon- sistent with that indicated by LV 246.16 and 263.11) must be assumed in Mv ii.130.12 kaṃcid uttarimanuṣya- dharmaṃ; Divy 145.21, 28 and 146.16 uttarimanuṣya- dharme (so with mss., ed. wrongly em. uttare man°); Śikṣ 62.4 uttarimanuṣyadharmair; besides this, the same cpd. is recorded in BHS (not in Pali) as uttara-manuṣya- dharma-(-pralāpa, m.), Mvy 8367, declaring (falsely the possession of) superhuman faculties (one of the parajika sins); also uttaraṃ-man° Divy 144.4, 28; 145.18 (mss., in 144.4 ed. em. °re); Bhīk 26a.3; uttare-man° Divy 144.9, 13, 21, 23, 27; 145.3, 11, 13, 17; 146.8, 25 (in all these read as cpd.; ed. takes uttare as separate adj., misled by the fact that the cpd. is a loc., ending °dharme; see above for evidence that uttare = uttari as adv. and prep.); in Divy 144.5 apparently anuttare is used as synonym of uttare in this cpd. (taken by ed. as separate adj.), yady ekaṃ śramaṇo Gautamo 'nuttare-manuṣyadharme riddhi- prātihāryaṃ vidarśayiṣyati vayaṃ dve (see anuttara; but this word does not fit and must be either a cor- ruption, or a sign of misunderstanding by the author of the passage; elsewhere in the same passage only forms of uttara-, uttari- etc. are used).man° Divy 144.9, 13, 21, 23, 27; 145.3, 11, 13, 17; 146.8, 25 (in all these read as cpd.; ed. takes uttare as separate adj., misled by the fact that the cpd. is a loc., ending °dharme; see above for evidence that uttare = uttari as adv. and prep.); in Divy 144.5 apparently anuttare is used as synonym of uttare in this cpd. (taken by ed. as separate adj.), yady ekaṃ śramaṇo Gautamo 'nuttare-manuṣyadharme riddhi- prātihāryaṃ vidarśayiṣyati vayaṃ dve (see anuttara; but this word does not fit and must be either a cor- ruption, or a sign of misunderstanding by the author of the passage; elsewhere in the same passage only forms of uttara-, uttari- etc. are used).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vāratraka (13528) + ((vAratraka, vAratraka) v … (vAratraka, vAratraka) vāratraka¦, adj. (to varatrā; Skt. Gr. id.; Pali vārat- tika), made of straps, leathern: chinde (v.l. chinda, with Pali) vāratrakaṃ pāśaṃ Mv ii.235.7, and: dṛḍho °ko pāśo 10 (vss); same vss in Pali (vārattikaṃ, °ko) Jāt. iii.184.20; 185.3.āśo 10 (vss); same vss in Pali (vārattikaṃ, °ko) Jāt. iii.184.20; 185.3.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vāsana (13567) + ((vAsana, vAsana) vāsana& … (vAsana, vAsana) vāsana¦, nt., much more commonly °nā (= Pali °nā, no °na recorded; °nā, but not °na, is used in a closely similar way in Skt.), impression, result of past deeds and experience on the personality; Lévi, Sūtrāl. xx-xxi.54 imprégnation, les appétits en tant que résultant d'actes antérieurs; commonly (PTSD, LaV-P. on AbhidhK. iv. 249, Suzuki, Gloss.) derived from Skt. vāsayati, per- fumes; Suzuki, l.c., perfuming impression, memory, habit- energy; LaV-P. op. cit. vii.72, 77 etc., traces; the nt. °nam occurs in AbhidhK. LaV-P. iv. 249 and Index, also Laṅk 265.17 (vs) vāsanair; regularly in bad sense, as some- thing to be got rid of, Sūtrāl. l.c., above; rāgadoṣakaluṣā sāvāsanā (for sa°, m.c.) uddhṛtā LV 291.1 (vs), passion, hatred, and impurity, with the (evil) impressions (of the past; so Tib., bag chags bcas), are destroyed; sarvā rāga- kileśa bandhanalatā sāvāsanā (as in prec.; so mss., here Lefm. em. so vā°!) chetsyati LV 294.6 (vs), he will cut off all the creepers of bondage…together with the impres- sions (Tib. as above); °nā Mvy 6594 = Tib. bag chags (so regularly), habit, inclination, propensity (Das), Jä. passion instead of habit; stated to be usually bad tho sometimes good; LV 428.2 (prose); 433.19 (prose); Gv 496.13 (prose); Laṅk 37.19; 38.2 ff.; vāsanā-vāsita, per- [Page479-a+ 71] meated by impressions, Laṅk 92.16 etc., here regularly in bad sense (cf. below); vāsanābhiniveśa-vāsita Laṅk 80.8--9; sometimes in a good sense, vāsanā-bhāgīyāṃ sattvāṃ vāsanāyām avasthāpayanto (or °yamāno) Mv i.34.5; ii.419.5, (the Buddha) making creatures that participate in (good) impressions (note preceding parallels puṇya and phala) firm in (such an) impression; see vāsita-vāsana, which is complimentary in LV and Mv; perh. indifferent, incl. both good and bad, yathāgatisaṃbandha-vāsanā- vāsita-tāṃ ca (yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti) Dbh 75.21-22. participate in (good) impressions (note preceding parallels puṇya and phala) firm in (such an) impression; see vāsita-vāsana, which is complimentary in LV and Mv; perh. indifferent, incl. both good and bad, yathāgatisaṃbandha-vāsanā- vāsita-tāṃ ca (yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti) Dbh 75.21-22.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vāyana (13513) + ((vAyana, vAyana) vāyana& … (vAyana, vAyana) vāyana¦, nt. (recorded once in Skt., pw 7.373 °na- kriyā, weaving-activity), (1) (act of) weaving: paṭa-vāyana Mmk 57.27, 29; 59.27; (2) causing (a weaver) to weave (a robe for himself; a sin for a monk): Mvy 8409 = Tib. ḥthag tu ḥjug pa, causing to weave; refers to the rule of Pali Vin. iii.256.26--27; var. vayanam, which Mironov adopts, but noting v.l. vāyanam; in view of the causative mg., the ā-form seems likely to be right (cf. vāpayati, Pali vāyāpeti); vayana is unrecorded except Skt. Gr. (BR). [In Mvy 6248 pw reads vāyana for vayana, q.v.] be right (cf. vāpayati, Pali vāyāpeti); vayana is unrecorded except Skt. Gr. (BR). [In Mvy 6248 pw reads vāyana for vayana, q.v.])
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vaśībhūta, (1) (13421) + ((vaSIBUta, vaSIBUta) vaś … (vaSIBUta, vaSIBUta) vaśībhūta, (1)¦ adj., also vaśi° (= Pali vasī°, defined PTSD mastering; in Skt. has opposite mg., subjected, subdued), become possessed of control, in BHS regularly, perh. always, a synonym of arhant (doubtless orig. as controlling himself, or controlling his destiny): Mvy 1077 = Tib. dbaṅ du gyur pa, attained to power, in a list of śrā- vaka-guṇāḥ; as ep. of monks who are also called arhant, SP 1.6; yāni…°ta-śatāni bhagavatā pūrvaṃ śaikṣa- bhūmau sthāpitāny evam avavaditāny…abhūvan SP 70.13,…arhants who, when formerly located in the śaikṣa (q.v.) stage, were thus instructed (what follows is Hīnayāna doctrine, appropriate to śrāvakas!), misunderstood by Burnouf and Kern; pañca tāni vaśibhūtaśatāni Mv i.69.2 (vs), Senart p. xxvi cinq cents arhats, correctly; the same, vaśibhūtā(ṃ) 69.14; 70.8 (vss); vaśibhūtā 74.21 (prose!), Senart arhats, which is proved by 75.7, 11, 15 etc. where individuals are named, in the acc. case, Pralambabāhuṃ vaśibhūtaṃ, Vicitracūtaṃ (? Senart with mss. Vicinta°) vaśi°, Haryakṣaṃ nāma vaśi°, etc., the arhant…; (Bodhi- sattvāḥ)…asādhāraṇā pratyekabuddhādibhiḥ vaśibhūta- gaṇādibhiś ca śaikṣa-pṛthagjanādibhiś ceti Mv i.142.5 (prose), who are unlike Pratyekabuddhas, companies of arhants, śaikṣas and common people, and their like; śāstā vaśībhūtapuraskṛtaḥ i.187.15 (vs), the Teacher attended by arhants; pañcānāṃ vaśībhūtaśatānāṃ (v.l. vaśi°) samavāye i.193.8 (prose), in a company of 500 arhants (on Mt. Gṛdhra- kūṭa); also (like arhant, Mvy 4 and often) a Buddha: vaśībhūta ity ucyate LV 425.18; pūjayanti (sc. Bodhi- sattvāḥ) vaśibhūta-koṭiyo (acc. pl.) Mv i.47.3 (vs); vaśī- bhūtasya (so mss., Senart em. °tāna) yā ceṣṭā, bodhi- sattvāna tādṛśī Mv i.107.6 (vs), as the behavior of a Buddha, such is that of Bodhisattvas (in the eighth bhūmi; cf. 105.13 aṣṭamāṃ bhūmiṃ prabhṛti…bodhisattvāḥ samyaksaṃ- buddhapūjayā pūjayitavyā iti); (2) n. of a Bodhisattva: Vaśī° Gv 442.12.Senart em. °tāna) yā ceṣṭā, bodhi- sattvāna tādṛśī Mv i.107.6 (vs), as the behavior of a Buddha, such is that of Bodhisattvas (in the eighth bhūmi; cf. 105.13 aṣṭamāṃ bhūmiṃ prabhṛti…bodhisattvāḥ samyaksaṃ- buddhapūjayā pūjayitavyā iti); (2) n. of a Bodhisattva: Vaśī° Gv 442.12.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vaktra (13124) + ((vaktra, vaktra) [vaktra … (vaktra, vaktra) [vaktra¦, nt., Mv iii.185.17, repeated 19 (vs) atha gāyasi vaktrāṇi, either corruption or false Sktization for Pali vattāni, same line, Jāt. iii.447.18; Senart assumes that this Pali word = Skt. vṛttāni, meters, which is plau- sible. However, Ratnach. records (without citation from literature) an AMg. vatta = Skt. vyakta, defined singing while making the syllables and sounds distinct, an excellent mode of singing. May not the Pali vattāni, and our word, be equivalents of this? Our word might then be a false Sktization, or error, instead of vyaktāni.]our word, be equivalents of this? Our word might then be a false Sktization, or error, instead of vyaktāni.])
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vi(c)chandayati (13725) + ((viCandayati, vi(c)Candayati) < … (viCandayati, vi(c)Candayati) vi(c)chandayati¦, for which forms of vi-chind- occur [Page484-b+ 71] in mss., cf. also vicchindika and prec.; see Wogihara, Lex. (mss. vary in Bbh between a and i); in Pali (kāya-)- vicchinda occurs as title of Jāt. 293, surely meaning aversion from the body, not cutting off of…; in Pv. comm. 129.26 atidānato vicchinditukāmo clearly means wanting to dissuade from over-generosity, = BHS vi-chand-; Pali (kāya-)vicchandaniya(-kathā) and (kāya-)vicchandanika- (-sutta) cannot be separated from (kāya-)vicchinda, above; in Divy 590.24 even the v.l. vicchedayām āsuḥ occurs for vicchandayām āsuḥ. It is clear that Pali and BHS both show what must, therefore, be a very old confusion between chand- and -chi(n)d- here. As Kern (cited PTSD s.v. vicchinda), Wogihara, and some others have seen, the orig. form was surely vicchandayati; the forms with chi(n)d- are due to popular etym. (in some occurrences the word means something close to cuts off). The funda- mental mg. is makes undersirous (denom., vi plus chanda); so Tib. mos pa zlog pa on Mvy, ḥdun pa zlog on KP, both mg. desire-deterring, desire-dissuading, but on LV simply zlog par byed pa, dissuasion-(deterring-)making: °dayati Mvy 6527, foll. by vicakṣuḥ-karaṇāya; bhūyo- bhūyaḥ sa māṃ °dayati, bhadramukhāniṣṭo 'sya karmaṇo phalavipākaḥ Divy 10.6, similarly 11.24, dissuades; °dayām āsuḥ (v.l. see above) 590.24; (Māraḥ…) bodhisattvaṃ …evaṃ °dayiṣyati AsP 331.16, will (try to) dissuade; (iha…bodhisattvasya…pāpamitraṃ, yaḥ prajñāpāra- mitāyāṃ) carantaṃ virecayati (q.v.) vichandayati ŚsP 1185.19, modulated in the sequel (the means of dissuasion are given 1186.1 ff.; they consist of attacks on the dog- matic interpretation of Buddhism accepted in this school); (devaputrāḥ…Māraṃ…) vicchandayanti LV 333.20 and 335.10 (prose), dissuade, discourage Māra (by pre- dicting his defeat); °dayati vikṣipati KP 1.6; when the thing dissuaded from is expressed it is regularly abl., dānād vicchandayan Jm 24.7; (saṃgrahavastubhyo) vic- chandya Śikṣ 50.12; adattādānād °dayati Gv 155.15; vichandya (v.l. vichindya) with ablatives Bbh 16.2 ff., so also °dayet 27.12; °dayati (v.l. °chind°) 262.13; but once apparently acc., (yasmāt tvaṃ bhikṣucaraṇapranā- maṃ) māṃ °dayitum icchasi Divy 383.6, since you wish to dissuade me (against, from) bowing at the feet of monks (or is this acc. a Bhvr. adj., me characterized by bowing etc. ?).aṇapranā- maṃ) māṃ °dayitum icchasi Divy 383.6, since you wish to dissuade me (against, from) bowing at the feet of monks (or is this acc. a Bhvr. adj., me characterized by bowing etc. ?).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/viṭhapana (13770) + ((viWapana, viWapana) viṭ … (viWapana, viWapana) viṭhapana¦, nt., and °nā, once viṣṭhapana (n. act. in -ana to next), fixation, establishment, creation, making; esp. with implication of something illusory and fleeting: sarvadharmā viṭhapana-(so with Mironov)-pratyupasthāna- lakṣaṇāḥ Mvy 185, all states of being are characterized by involvement in (illusory) creation; °na-pratyupasthāna- lakṣaṇam Mvy 7233, Tib. rnam par bsgrub pa (this, or with bsgrubs, is the usual Tib. rendering); māyākṛtaṃ sarva- saṃskṛtaṃ °na-pratyupasthāna-lakṣaṇam Śikṣ 180.4 (here māyākṛtaṃ is decisive; Bendall and Rouse cite Tib. as rnam par bsgrabs pas, read bsgrubs); Gv 524.1 corrupt, eṣāṃ dharmāṇāṃ dharmatā, aviṣṭhapana-(read viṣṭh°, for viṭh°)-pratyupasthāna-lakṣaṇāḥ…sarvadharma-(read °mā with 2d ed.) bodhisattvajñānādhiṣṭhitāḥ, evaṃ sva- bhāvāpariṇiṣpannā māyāsvapnapratibhāsopamāḥ; (sattvā- nāṃ…) citta-māyā-°na-tāṃ Dbh 74.4, the fact that creatures are created by mental illusion (cf. māyopamaṃ cittam iyam ucyate cittadharmatā Śikṣ 236.2); but in Śikṣ 236.3 this implication is hardly to be found: yat punaḥ sarvasvaṃ parityajya sarvabuddhakṣetrapariśud- dhaye pariṇāmayatītīyam ucyate viṭhapanā (fem.); here, in a formal definition, the mg. seems to be firm fixation (Bendall and Rouse edification, which I do not find in it); at least no very clear suggestion of unreality seems found in the foll.: abhisaṃbodhivikurvita-°nena bodhisattva- samādhinā Gv 38.17--18; upāyakauśalya-°na-dharmatayā 469.18 (cf. however KP 32.1, 7, s.v. viṭhapayati); nt., °na, Gv 449.7, 15; f., °nā, 524.6; buddhakṣetra-°panālaṃ- kārābhinirhāratayā, or °nirhṛtatayā, or °nirhāraṃ, Dbh 39.14; 45.6; 55.17; same cpd. (°nirhāraṃ) with traidhātuka- instead of buddhakṣetra- 55.10--11, with rūpakāyalakṣa- ṇānuvyañjana- instead of id., 55.18--19; in this cpd. viṭhapanālaṃkāra is to be taken as a dvandva, establish- ment and adornment, as proved by reverse order in: vyūhālaṃkāra-viṭhapanā-prāptaś 62.11 (here f. °nā).s cpd. viṭhapanālaṃkāra is to be taken as a dvandva, establish- ment and adornment, as proved by reverse order in: vyūhālaṃkāra-viṭhapanā-prāptaś 62.11 (here f. °nā).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vicakṣu(s) (13690) + ((vicakzu, vicakzu(s) vic … (vicakzu, vicakzu(s) vicakṣu(s)¦, adj. (= Pali vicakkhu-, with -kamma; in Skt. blind, but in the Skt. Lex. Trik. = vimanas, a BHS-Pali usage), perplexed, confused (in mind); only in comp. with karaṇa or karman, the making perplexed: vicakṣuḥ-karaṇāya, in order to make confused, Mvy 6528; yan nv aham (Māra) upasaṃkrāmeyaṃ °ṇāya (sc. the Buddha) AsP 78.7; so also °karmaṇe LV 378.15 (the daughters of Māra); (yaṃ nūnāhaṃ upasaṃkrameyaṃ) °karmāya Mv iii.416.1, 15 (Māra); °karmāsya (sc. dharma- bhāṇakasya) karoti dharmaṃ pratikṣipati Śikṣ 96.10, (he who) causes confusion for the preacher, rejects the Doctrine.maṃ pratikṣipati Śikṣ 96.10, (he who) causes confusion for the preacher, rejects the Doctrine.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vidarśana (13790) + ((vidarSana, vidarSana) v … (vidarSana, vidarSana) vidarśana¦, nt., and °nā (AMg. vidarisaṇa, and with caus. mg. vidaṃsana; to Skt. vi-darś- plus -ana), (1) °nā, insight, vision, lit. and fig.; in this mg. app. always fem., and often assoc. with samatha, or śam°, replacing more usual vipaśyanā: samatha-(so, or śam°, read with v.l. and Tib.)-vidarśanā-suviśuddha-nayanasya (bodhisattva- sya) LV 9.6 = Tib. zhi gnas (śamatha) daṅ lhag mthoṅ (wide vision) etc., with eye well purified in (or by) tranquillity and insight (vision); °nā-saṃbhāro dharmālokamukhaṃ 35.15; -samatha-(so with v.l., = śam°)-°nāloka-(°nā plus āloka)-prāpta(ḥ) 426.8; samatha-°nā-paripūrṇa-saṃbhā- ra(ḥ) 427.22; °nā-saṃbhāraṃ paripūrayiṣyati 441.6 (cf. samatha-saṃbh° parip° 5); śukla-°nā-bhūmiḥ (one of the śrāvaka-bh°) Mvy 1141 (Tib. rnam par mthoṅ ba), clear insight; °nayā prativipaśyataḥ Laṅk 19.2; (2) °na, nt., with caus. mg., display, making to appear (by magic): Bbh 58.23; defined 59.20 ff. as magical display, by a Buddha or Bodhisattva, of various edifying visions to an assembly; one kind of dhyāna is (pāpakāriṇām) apāya- bhūmi-vidarśanaṃ dhyānaṃ Bbh 210.7.> (by magic): Bbh 58.23; defined 59.20 ff. as magical display, by a Buddha or Bodhisattva, of various edifying visions to an assembly; one kind of dhyāna is (pāpakāriṇām) apāya- bhūmi-vidarśanaṃ dhyānaṃ Bbh 210.7.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vijñāpaka (13763) + ((vijYApaka, vijYApaka) v … (vijYApaka, vijYApaka) vijñāpaka¦, adj. or subst. (= Pali viññāpaka; Skt. vijñāpayati plus -aka), instructing; instructor: in su-vi° SP 301.1, 10; LV 403.5, 9; 404.8, Bhvr., lit. having a good instructor, but in the sense of making things easy for an instructor, i.e. easily instructed (proved by SP passage, s.v. viśodhaka, q.v.)./i> instructor, i.e. easily instructed (proved by SP passage, s.v. viśodhaka, q.v.).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vijñapana (13751) + ((vijYapana, vijYapana) v … (vijYapana, vijYapana) vijñapana¦ (nt.; cf. Skt. vijñāpana, Pali viññāpana; to Skt. vijñapayati), the making known: (rātridevatāṃ…) sarvasattvakāyasaṃsthānasadṛśasvaśarīra-°na-kāyāṃ Gv 341.17, and, (samantamukhābhimukha-)-°na-kāyāṃ 19; (ekaikasmāt paramāṇurajasaḥ) sarvaratnameghasarvata- thāgatapratibhāsa-°panān niścaritvā 531.25.saḥ) sarvaratnameghasarvata- thāgatapratibhāsa-°panān niścaritvā 531.25.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vijñapti (13753) + ((vijYapti, vijYapti) vij … (vijYapti, vijYapti) vijñapti¦, f. (in Skt. generally from an inferior to a superior, implying a request; Pali viññatti), (1) procla- mation, announcement, making known (a mg. found also in Skt.): Mvy 1887 = Tib. rnam par rig byed (wrongly pw 7.374); abhāvasamudgata-°ti-śabdo niścarati Samādh 8.11, the sound of proclaiming (all things as) arisen from non-becoming came forth; svapnopama-°tim Gv 82.19, and many like cpds. in the foll.; (divyaśrotra-)°ti- Gv 251.10, announcement of (the gift, or faculty, of) supernatural power of hearing; Mv i.311.6, possibly request, see s.v. prajñapti 3; (2) in Laṅk, relative, exoteric knowledge, = vijñāna in this mg. and prajñapti 4, q.v.: e.g. Laṅk 270.1 lokaṃ °ti-mātraṃ; 274.10 °ti-mātraṃ tribhavam; 269.12, see gotra (4); see Suzuki, Studies, 440.elative, exoteric knowledge, = vijñāna in this mg. and prajñapti 4, q.v.: e.g. Laṅk 270.1 lokaṃ °ti-mātraṃ; 274.10 °ti-mātraṃ tribhavam; 269.12, see gotra (4); see Suzuki, Studies, 440.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/-vijñaptika (13754) + ((vijYaptika, -vijYaptika) <b&g … (vijYaptika, -vijYaptika) -vijñaptika¦, ifc. Bhvr. (= prec.), in a-vi° (Tib. rnam par rig pa med pa, cf. Mvy 1887 s.v. °ti), without any making known, or (cf. vijñapti 2) free from (limited, qual- ified, exoteric) knowledge: (yad…nityānityayor madhyaṃ tad arūpy anidarśanam anābhāsam) °tikam apratiṣṭham aniketam KP 56.3; cittaṃ hi…(very similar list of epithets) KP 98.2 (cited Śikṣ 234.2) with °tikam.) °tikam apratiṣṭham aniketam KP 56.3; cittaṃ hi…(very similar list of epithets) KP 98.2 (cited Śikṣ 234.2) with °tikam.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vinyastaka (1) (13899) + ((vinyastaka, vinyastaka) … (vinyastaka, vinyastaka) vinyastaka (1)¦ = Skt. °ta, deposited: Mmk 63.6 (prose); (2) fem. °tikā, a certain posture (of the hands?); cf. udvyastikā, vyastikā, and atyastikā (this latter adjoins vinyastikā and must therefore have a different meaning): Stein ms. fragm. 1.4a (La Vallée-Poussin, JRAS 1913.844).tikā and must therefore have a different meaning): Stein ms. fragm. 1.4a (La Vallée-Poussin, JRAS 1913.844).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vipraghātika (13958) + ((vipraGAtika, vipraGAtika) vipraghātika¦, adj. (cf. prec.), murderous: niyatam anyonya-°tiko bhaviṣyati MSV ii.18.10; °tikā, subst., = prec.: anyonya-°kāṃ kartum MPS 51.6.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/viḍaṅgikā (13772) + ((viqaNgikA, viqaNgikA) v … (viqaNgikA, viqaNgikA) viḍaṅgikā¦ (not found recorded), in na °kayā Mvy 8563; the rule (one of the śaikṣa-dharmāḥ) is completed by adding antargṛhe pravekṣyāmaḥ, and niṣatsyāmaḥ, Prāt 531.17, 18; La Vallée Poussin, JRAS 1913.844, Stein [Page487-a+ 71] ms. fragm. 1.1.37, 38. Acc. to Tib. mdom (ḥdoms) mi snaṅ, also Chin. and Jap., on Mvy, showing the private parts; but acc. to Finot's report of Chin. on Prāt, bending over (nous courber). acc. to Finot's report of Chin. on Prāt, bending over (nous courber).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/visāriṇī (14310) + ((visAriRI, visAriRI) ? v … (visAriRI, visAriRI) ? visāriṇī¦, in Divy 562.23 (prose) sa tābhyāṃ yāvat trir apy ukto visāriṇī kṛṣṇā nivāryamāṇā (so text, em., mss. °ṇau, intending °ṇo, which read) nāvatiṣṭhate, he (the king), tho spoken to (in admonition) by those two (ministers) as many as three times, being held back…did not remain (in good conduct; he kept backsliding into evil ways). The words visāriṇī kṛṣṇā perhaps corruptly represent an abl. phrase, from his evil course (cf. kṛṣṇa 1). As they stand, they could apparently only be a strange parentheti- cal clause; the corruption (? visāriṇī, or viśār° ?) was black (dark, evil). The Index to ed. renders kṛṣṇā by tongue of fire, which seems unacceptable; presumably it takes visā° as spreading; but even with the em. to nivāryamāṇā this hardly gives an intelligible result.lt;i>tongue of fire, which seems unacceptable; presumably it takes visā° as spreading; but even with the em. to nivāryamāṇā this hardly gives an intelligible result.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/viṣaktikā (14270) + ((vizaktikA, vizaktikA) viṣaktikā¦ (= Pali visattikā) = prec.: tarataitāṃ °ti- kāṃ Ud iii.14 (= Pali Sn 333 visattikaṃ); (visaktikā) 15; (kālenottarate °tikām) xv.4 (= Pali Ud. vii.8); xvi.6; yasya jālinī °tikā tṛṣṇā xxix.64(55).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vyutkaṇṭhaśa(ḥ) (14723) + ((vyutkaRWaSa, vyutkaRWaSa(H) < … (vyutkaRWaSa, vyutkaRWaSa(H) vyutkaṇṭhaśa(ḥ)¦, adv., lit. with open throat or out- stretched neck: na °śa(ḥ) piṇḍapātaṃ paribhokṣyāmaḥ, LaVallée-Poussin, JRAS 1913.845.18; = vyutkhaṇḍaśaḥ, q.v.; corresp. to Pali avagaṇḍakārakaṃ Vin. iv.196.11 (so as to fill the cheeks with food, CPD).gt;, q.v.; corresp. to Pali avagaṇḍakārakaṃ Vin. iv.196.11 (so as to fill the cheeks with food, CPD).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/yāvataka, °ttaka, °ntaka, °tika, °ttika (12480) + ((yAvataka, yAvataka, °ttaka, °ntaka, °tika … (yAvataka, yAvataka, °ttaka, °ntaka, °tika, °ttika) yāvataka, °ttaka, °ntaka, °tika, °ttika¦, adj., and °kam, adv. (based on Skt. yāvat; Pali yāvataka; AMg. jāvanta, jāvantia; the forms in °ntaka could be ka- extensions of an a-extension of Skt. yāvant; AMg. °ntia supports °ntika), as much, pl. as many; adv. as long, as far: yāvantakam (all mss., Senart °ttakam) avakāśam Mv i.158.11 (prose); yāvantakena mūlyena krītāni Mmk 695.10; pl. yāvattakā nāga-rājāno Mv i.208.6 (here v.l. yāvatākā) = ii.10.18 (prose); yāvatakā(ḥ) ii.301.10 and 12 (prose), v.l. both times °ttakā(ḥ); adv. yāvatakaṃ (v.l. °ttakaṃ)…vasitukāmaḥ iii.255.3 (prose), as long (a time) as you want to stay; (mss.) yāvattakaṃ (v.l. yāvatakaṃ; in iii.437.17 mss. °tikaṃ, °ttikaṃ) yānasya bhūmi(ḥ) tāvattakaṃ (i.255.9 tāvad; in the others vv.ll. tāvantakam, tāvattikaṃ) yānena gatvā (or, yātvā) Mv [Page447-b+ 71] i.255.9; iii.115.10; 437.17, as far as there was room for the wagon, so far going by wagon. See tāvattakaṃ.[Page447-b+ 71] i.255.9; iii.115.10; 437.17, as far as there was room for the wagon, so far going by wagon. See tāvattakaṃ.)

Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/-sphoṭakam (17491) + ((sPowakam, -sPowakam) -sphoṭakam¦, adv. (cf. sphoṭā, °ṭika, and Skt. sphoṭa): na jihvā-°kam (sc. paribhokṣyāmaḥ) Mvy 8586 (a śaikṣa rule), (we will) not (eat) making a smacking noise with the tongue.)

Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/ādi (2677) + ((Adi, Adi) ādi … (Adi, Adi) ādi¦, beginning (= Skt.): ādiṃ, acc. (= Pali ādiṃ katvā, with acc. object) and ādau, loc., with following kṛtvā, and preceding acc. (once gen.), lit. putting…first; so beginning with, starting with, from…on (the loc. ādau used precisely like the acc. ādiṃ; putting at the beginning = making the beginning; loc. only in Mv): tuṣitabhavanavāsam ādiṃ kṛtvā, beginning with (the Bodhisattva's) dwelling in the Tuṣita-heaven (= from then on) Śikṣ 292.5 = Dbh 14.21, cf. tuṣitabhavanam ādau kṛtvā sarveṣāṃ bodhi- sattvānāṃ…Mv i.147.15; āvīcim ādiṃ kṛtvā sarvanai- rayikāṇāṃ sattvānāṃ…LV 86.11, of all hell-inhabitants [Page093-b+ 71] from Āvīci on; mātuḥ kukṣim ādau kṛtvā bodhisattvānāṃ yāvat parinirvṛtā Mv i.145.2, beginning with the mother's womb, of Bodhisattvas, until they have entered complete nirvāṇa; bhartāraṃ ādau kṛtvā Mv i.147.8 (no man has any carnal desire for the destined mothers of Buddhas) from their husbands on; bodhisattvasya garbhāvakrāntim ādau kṛtvā Mv i.157.15; śākyamuniṃ samyaksaṃbuddhaṃ ādau kṛtvā ḍaśa bhūmayo deśitā Mv i.161.7, beginning from (the time of) Śākyamuni the Buddha, the Ten Stages have been taught (not before! so, I think, the parallels require us to interpret, contrary to Senart n. 506); with gen. of the dependent noun (rather than acc.), evidently construed as modifier of ādiṃ: tṛṣṇāyāḥ paunarbhavikyā ādiṃ kṛtvā Laṅk 180.10, beginning with (starting from; lit. making a beginning of) desire for rebirth. Cf. Mbh. Crit. ed. 2.52.17d saha strībhir draupadīm ādi-kṛtvā, along with the women, beginning with Draupadī (i.e. D. and the others). This seems to be unparalleled in Skt. See also s.v. ādīkaroti.>; lit. making a beginning of) desire for rebirth. Cf. Mbh. Crit. ed. 2.52.17d saha strībhir draupadīm ādi-kṛtvā, along with the women, beginning with Draupadī (i.e. D. and the others). This seems to be unparalleled in Skt. See also s.v. ādīkaroti.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/āgataka (2553) + ((Agataka, Agataka) āgata … (Agataka, Agataka) āgataka¦, f. °ikā, adj. (to Skt. and Pali āgata), (one that has) arrived: -ka perhaps m.c., Divy 603.9 (vs) °kasya; endearing dim. (§ 22.34) LV 321.19 suvasantake… āgatake; 322.6 °tikā(ḥ); 323.14 read with v.l. °tikāṃ (acc. sg. f.; ed. °tiko) na hi bhuñjasi kāminikāṃ; specifying ka (§ 22.39), Mv i.232.7 yaṃ nūnāhaṃ āgatako yena dīpavatī rājadhānī cakravartipuraṃ…paśyeyaṃ ti, suppose I, as a returner (one characterized by having returned) to Dīpavatī, behold the Cakravartin's city; Senart, note 557, assumes wrongly that the suffix has mg. of fut.;to Dīpavatī, behold the Cakravartin's city; Senart, note 557, assumes wrongly that the suffix has mg. of fut.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/ālopa (2990) + ((Alopa, Alopa) ālopa< … (Alopa, Alopa) ālopa¦, m. (= Pali id.), mouthful (of food); cf. next: Mv i.339.13 ālopa-kāram (ger., see §§ 22.5; 35.3, 5) āhāram āharesi (sc with v.l.), and 16 ālopa-kārakam (ger.) āhāram āharetsuḥ, making a mouthful of it, took food; Mvy 5766; 8572; 8574--6; Prāt 533.1--6 (= Mvy 8572--6); Divy [Page107-a+ 71] 290.23 carama ālopas; 470.17; 481.9; Av i.341.13 °pam anuprayacchati; Śikṣ 84.3; 138.5; 215.16; Bbh 76.19 (na) cāvaśiṣṭaṃ bhavati yāvad dvitīyam ālopaṃ prakṣipati.; 138.5; 215.16; Bbh 76.19 (na) cāvaśiṣṭaṃ bhavati yāvad dvitīyam ālopaṃ prakṣipati.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/āmukhī-karaṇa (2834) + ((AmuKIkaraRa, AmuKI-karaRa) āmukhī-karaṇa¦ (n. act. to next), the making present, realization, manifestation: LV 432.22 -bodhicittāmukhī- karaṇa-; 441.6 -samāpatty-āmukhīkaraṇa-tayā (instr. of tā); Śikṣ 33.15 (cf. note p. 399); 276.6 punar-āmukhīkara- ṇena.aṇa-tayā (instr. of tā); Śikṣ 33.15 (cf. note p. 399); 276.6 punar-āmukhīkara- ṇena.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/Ānanda (2724) + ((Ananda, Ananda) Ānanda& … (Ananda, Ananda) Ānanda¦ (= Pali id.), (1) n. of a well-known disciple of the Buddha, a Śākyan: son of Śuklodana Mv iii.176.14, and of Mṛgī Mv ii.157.9; iii.176.15; called servant (upasthā- yaka) of Buddha Divy 90.7--8; 396.15--18; 612.1--2; called Ānanda-sthavira Mv ii.114.9, Ānanda-bhadra SP 217.8; 218.12; in Mv iii.47.10 ff. story of how his followers among the monks proved imperfect, and how he was rebuked and instructed by Mahākāśyapa; called a śaikṣa SP 2.8; a few (out of many) other occurrences are Mv i.77.16; iii.225.10 ff.; SP 215.1; 216.3; 221.3; Divy 20.6; 56.2; 69.9; 72.17; 76.10 (= 465.11); 91.21; LV 2.4; 60.12; 73.2; 87.3; 443.7; Suv 202.5, 6; Sukh 2.11; 92.7; Karmav 155.2; Bhīk 3b.2; (2) n. of a Śākyan youth (perhaps = prec.?): LV 152.12; 153.21; (3) n. of a cakravarti-rājan (listed among other names ordinarily applied to disciples of Buddha): Mvy 3609; (4) n. of a devaputra: LV 6.12 (but omitted in some mss. and prob. not original); (5) n. of a yakṣa: Māy 18; (6) n. of a king (prob. not = 3): MSV i.114.7.me mss. and prob. not original); (5) n. of a yakṣa: Māy 18; (6) n. of a king (prob. not = 3): MSV i.114.7.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/ārambaṇa (2887) + ((ArambaRa, ArambaRa) āra … (ArambaRa, ArambaRa) ārambaṇa¦, nt. (= Pali ārammaṇa; in mg. 1 = Skt. ālambana; in BHS this, q.v., is also used in mg. 3), (1) basis, support, point d' appui; basis, reason, (logical) ground; in Bhvr. cpds., having…as basis, based on…: SP 6.13 (see s.v. āśravaṇa); 71.7 -vividha-hetu-kāraṇa-nidarśanā- rambaṇa-niruktyupāyakauśalyair; 318.6--7 yāṃ ca… tathāgataḥ…vācaṃ bhāṣata ātmopadarśanena (add with WT vā paropadarśanena) vātmārambaṇena vā parā- rambaṇena vā…, either on his own authority (Kern) or that of others, or on the basis of (presentation of) himself (in visible form) or of others (so essentially Burnouf; per- haps more exactly, on the basis of giving an account, a description, sc. of himself, by himself or by others); 318.14 vividhair ārambaṇair, with various bases or authorities; 319.12 tad ārambaṇaṃ kṛtvā, probably making that my reason or basis; 320.3 tathāgatārambaṇa-manaskāra- kuśalamūlāni, roots of merit (due to) attentiveness based upon the T.; LV 244.5 (dhyānagocarāṇāṃ) ca samāpatty- ārambaṇānāṃ laukikasamādhīnām; Mv ii.260.15 mahan- tānāṃ varṇānām ārambaṇam…(16) bhūtānāṃ ca varṇānām ārambaṇam anuprāpnuvanti (Bodhisattvas), apparently basis of great castes…and of bygone castes* (so Senart, but he disclaims understanding what is meant); Gv 18.21 -bodhy-ārambaṇa- (1st ed. misprinted; corr. 2d ed.) -kuśalamūla-; 64.8 and 116.5 ārambaṇīkṛtya, making a basis, object of attention (with acc.); in Śikṣ 253.3 ārambaṇena = ālambanapratyayena (cf. Mvy 2269; Pali ārammaṇapaccaya), the third of the four pratyaya, q.v.; (2) physical basis, location (= Skt. viṣaya): Gv 82.14 yasmin yasminn adhvani (time, i.e. present, past, or future) yasmin yasminn ārambaṇe (cosmic location, of a Tathā- gata)…tathāgataṃ draṣṭum ākāṅkṣāmi; Gv 512.4--5 ābhāsam agamann ekasminn ārambaṇe yathā caikasminn ārambaṇe tathāśeṣasarvārambaṇeṣu, location(s), of the palatial structures presided over by Maitreya; (3) like Pali ārammaṇa, also = Skt. viṣaya in sense of sense- object, of which in Pali there are six (the 6th being dhamma, object of manas); Śikṣ 250.5 cakṣurindriyādhipateyā rūpārambaṇa-prativijñaptiḥ, recognition of the sense-object form, dependent on the sense-organ eye (sight); Mv i.120.11, read with mss. ārambaṇārambhaṇacittaṃ hetuno parikar- menti,…the thought as it grasps the sense-objects (here perhaps more particularly the objects of the manas, ideas, to which Pali ārammaṇa is sometimes restrictedly applied). -*(Mv ii.260.15--16) Better, basis of great and true renown, or qualities, or (physical) appearance? (Addition in proof.) the sense-object form, dependent on the sense-organ eye (sight); Mv i.120.11, read with mss. ārambaṇārambhaṇacittaṃ hetuno parikar- menti,…the thought as it grasps the sense-objects (here perhaps more particularly the objects of the manas, ideas, to which Pali ārammaṇa is sometimes restrictedly applied). -*(Mv ii.260.15--16) Better, basis of great and true renown, or qualities, or (physical) appearance? (Addition in proof.))
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/ārocaka (2913) + ((Arocaka, Arocaka) ārocaka¦, f. °ikā, adj. (to ārocayati with -aka), announcing, making known: preṣyadārikayā kālārocikayā MSV ii.83.16; °cakaḥ 84.5.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/āryapuṅgala (2932) + ((AryapuNgala, AryapuNgala) <b& … (AryapuNgala, AryapuNgala) āryapuṅgala¦, m. (= Pali ariya-puggala), a model human personality: LV 423.13 parijñātam (so read with v.l. for text °nam) āryapuṅgalair (said of the dharma- cakra). Prob. refers to persons in the eight stages of (Hīnayāna) religious development, Dharmas 102; see aṣṭamaka, śaikṣa.tages of (Hīnayāna) religious development, Dharmas 102; see aṣṭamaka, śaikṣa.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/āsamudācārika (3073) + ((AsamudAcArika, AsamudAcArika) &l … (AsamudAcArika, AsamudAcArika) āsamudācārika¦, adj., with dharma, (rule) applying to customary behavior (samudācāra 1): Bhīk 11a.1 keśāva- tārikāyā ahaṃ…bhikṣuṇyā āsamudācārikān dharmān prajñapayāmi…(2) keśāvatārikā bhikṣuṇī yathāprajñap- tān āsamudācārikān dharmān asamādāya vartate, sāti- sārā bhavati; MSV i.vi.9, 13; vii.15 etc.p- tān āsamudācārikān dharmān asamādāya vartate, sāti- sārā bhavati; MSV i.vi.9, 13; vii.15 etc.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/āsevaka (3084) + ((Asevaka, Asevaka) āseva … (Asevaka, Asevaka) āsevaka¦, or °kā, some kind of garment: SP 283.9 (vs), cited Śikṣ 352.13, āsevaka (unmetr.! one ms. and Śikṣ °kaṃ; WT with most mss. °kāṃ; Kashgar rec. °kā) kṛsna tathādaditvā. Tib. acc. to Bendall rdul gzan, dust garment (Jä. cloak, against dust on a journey), but acc. to WT, and my own copy of Tib. SP, rṅul gzan, which = saṃkakṣikā, q.v.; Burnouf and Kern woolen garment; note that Tib. rdul and rṅul are very easily confused in writing; in MSV ii.52.5 āsevaka (ms., ed. em. āsīvaka) seems to mean patch (so Tib., lhan thabs kyis klan pa); in the next line, 6, sevakaṃ (ms., ed. em. sīv°) dattvā dhāraya, seems to show the same mg., and in 11 below, text āsīvakāṃs (by em.? ms. āsev° as before?) tu dattvā dhārayitvayam, confirms this mg. (reference is to materials unsuitable for making robes).ext āsīvakāṃs (by em.? ms. āsev° as before?) tu dattvā dhārayitvayam, confirms this mg. (reference is to materials unsuitable for making robes).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/ātāpin (2642) + ((AtApin, AtApin) ātāpin& … (AtApin, AtApin) ātāpin¦, adj. (= Pali id., from Pali ātāpa, oftener ātappa, zeal, with suffix -in; neither occurs in Skt.), zealous: °pī, n. sg. Mvy 1805; LV 239.4 (apramatta ātāpī); same passage Mv ii.118.11 and 120.3; similar phrase ii.285.1, also Divy 37.10, MSV i.50.14 etc., and fem. (apramattā) °pinī Divy 618.3; Ud xix.1 (aśvaḥ…) ātā- pinaḥ, n. sg. (ardent, spirited); Śikṣ 31.3 āhāraprajñātāpino, n. pl., diligent in making proper distinction in food (Ben- dall and Rouse). [Page092-a+ 71]pl., diligent in making proper distinction in food (Ben- dall and Rouse). [Page092-a+ 71])
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/āvāra- (3006) + ((AvAra, AvAra-) āvāra-&l … (AvAra, AvAra-) āvāra-¦ (m.; rare in Skt. except in cpds., cf. dur- āvāra, BR), guard, in °ra-nibandhana, nt., imprisonment under guard: Mv i.188.17 (vs) kṛtvāvāranibandhanam, making (i.e. applying to his victims)…(so mss., possibly intending vāra°, but this word is hardly used except at the end of cpds.; āvāra occurs also in Pali; Senart emends to kārā-nib°).this word is hardly used except at the end of cpds.; āvāra occurs also in Pali; Senart emends to kārā-nib°).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/āvarjanā = āvarjana (2997) + ((AvarjanA, AvarjanA = Avarjana) & … (AvarjanA, AvarjanA = Avarjana) āvarjanā = āvarjana¦, winning to oneself, the making kindly disposed: in LV 245.14--15--read: bodhisattvo rudrakasya rāmaputrasya saśiṣyasyāvarjanāṃ (so 2 mss. incl. the best; ed. °janī-) kṛtvā…prakrāmad. (The gen. requires noun āvarjanāṃ.) Tib. ḥdun par byas nas, which is wrongly rendered by Foucaux; it appears to mean lit. having made reconciled or desirous, i.e. having made to be of good will (towards himself, the Bodhisattva).> or desirous, i.e. having made to be of good will (towards himself, the Bodhisattva).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/āyatana (2855) + ((Ayatana, Ayatana) āyata … (Ayatana, Ayatana) āyatana¦, nt. (in Skt. seat, abiding-place, home; the following senses seem hardly, if at all, to occur in Skt., but most of them apparently in Pali), (1) department, field (of art): in śilpāyatana (= Pali sippāy°), Mv ii.434.16 sarvaśilpāyatanehi…kuśo kumāro viśiṣyati, Prince Kuśa excelled in all departments of art; but the same word is also used (2) personally, applying to practitioners of the arts (perhaps as vessels, pātra, of the arts, cf. 3 below): Mv iii.113.12 sarve ca kapilavāstavyā śilpāyatanā (as masc. ? one ms. °nāḥ!), tad yathā lohakārakā etc. (list of artisans), all the artisans of Kapilavastu, such as…; similarly iii.442.17 śilpāyatanā (no v.l.), tad yathā lohakārakā etc.; in the same way tīrthyāyatana (vessel of heresy?) is used of heretical teachers Av i.231.3 yānīmāni…pṛthag loke [Page101-b+ 71] tīrthyāyatanāni, tad yathā, Pūraṇaḥ Kāśyapo Māskarī etc. (all persons); Pali has titthāyatana, nt., only as heretical school or doctrine (acc. to Ledi Sadaw JPTS 1913.117 harbours of error), or at least, it seems, never clearly of persons (some passages are ambiguous and might be so interpreted); Pali sippāyatana also does not seem to be applied to artisans, but only to crafts; (3) a worthy object (cf. an-āy°), = Skt. pātra: Divy 419.(22--)23 (api tu Buddhadharmasaṃghe) prasādam utpādaya, eṣa āyatana- gataḥ prasāda iti,…this is favor bestowed on a worthy object; (4) stage of ecstasy or trance (four such), see ākā- śānantyāyat°, vijñānānantyāyat°, ākiṃcanyāyat°, nai- vasaṃjñānāsaṃjñāyat°: listed Mvy 3110--3113; also 1492--5 in list of samāpatti, q.v.; Dharmas 129; see also s.v. deva; (5) sense; organ of sense (six in number), dis- tinguished as ādhyātmika āy° (= Pali ajjhattika āy°) or as sparśāy° (= Pali phassāy°); likewise object of sense (also six), distinguished as bāhira (= Pali id.) or bāhya āy°: Mvy 2027 dvādaśāyatanāni, listed 2028--2039 in pairs, each cpd. with āyatanam (cakṣur-āy° etc.); the standard list contains six of each category, viz. cakṣus and rūpa, śrotra and śabda, ghrāṇa and gandha, jihvā and rasa, kāya and spraṣṭavya (q.v.), manas and dharma (2); Dharmas 24 lists each group of six as a (dvandva) cpd. concluded by āyatanāni (with sparśa in lieu of spraṣṭavya); Śikṣ 244.15 ṣaḍ imāni…sparśāyatanāni, katamāni ṣaṭ, cakṣuḥ sparśāyatanaṃ rūpāṇāṃ darśanāya, etc., including kāya (read kāyaḥ) sparśāy° spraṣṭavyānāṃ sparśanāya, manaḥ sparśāy° dharmāṇāṃ vijñānāya; ādhyātmikam āy° and bāhiram āy° Mv iii.66.3 ff. (parallel passage in Pali, MN i.190.20 ff.); ṣaḍ-āyatanam, the six senses (sense-organs and their respective objects, each pair regarded as a unit), one of the steps in the pratītya-samutpāda (= Pali saḷ- āyatana), Mvy 2246; Mv ii.285.9 f.; LV 347.2, 4; etc., cf. Lévi, Sūtrāl. xi.30, Transl. n. 2; actions are rooted in them, LV 374.13 (vs) iha me karmavidhānā…ṣaḍāyatanamūlā, chinnā drumendramūle (i.e. by attaining Buddhahood); compounded or associated with skandha, q.v., and dhātu (element, q.v.), the total being an expression for states of physical existence, LV 420.17 (vs) na skandha āyatana dhātu (better as dvandva cpd.?) vademi buddhaṃ, I do not call…the Buddha; LV 177.5 (cited Śikṣ 240.5; vs) skandhadhātvāyatanāni (prob. read with Śikṣ skandhāya- tanāni, better meter; so also Tib.) dhātavaḥ; Laṅk 18.6 skandha-dhātv-āyatanopagānāṃ sarvadharmāṇām; (6) abhibhv-āyatana, see s.v.; (7) kṛtsnāyatana, q.v., s.v. kṛtsna.ment, q.v.), the total being an expression for states of physical existence, LV 420.17 (vs) na skandha āyatana dhātu (better as dvandva cpd.?) vademi buddhaṃ, I do not call…the Buddha; LV 177.5 (cited Śikṣ 240.5; vs) skandhadhātvāyatanāni (prob. read with Śikṣ skandhāya- tanāni, better meter; so also Tib.) dhātavaḥ; Laṅk 18.6 skandha-dhātv-āyatanopagānāṃ sarvadharmāṇām; (6) abhibhv-āyatana, see s.v.; (7) kṛtsnāyatana, q.v., s.v. kṛtsna.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/bhautika (11355) + ((BOtika, BOtika) bhautik … (BOtika, BOtika) bhautika¦, (adj.?) subst. nt. (cf. Skt. id.; here in specialized mgs.), (1) possibly adj., real or material, in Laṅk 17.5, but the reading is very doubtful and the sense at least equally so, see s.v. abhauti and below; (2) subst. nt., object of sense: in Dharmas 40 = viṣaya or indriyārtha (five are listed: rūpa, śabda, gandha, rasa, and sparśa, corresponding, tho in different order, to the five mahā- bhūtāni listed in 39 just before). Acc. to Suzuki's Index to Laṅk, the Chin. versions of Laṅk indicate bhautika = the [Page413-a+ 52] 4 viṣaya or color, odor, flavor, contact (note omission of sound, and the fact that in Laṅk 124.8 ākāśa is added only parenthetically; cf. the 4 dhātu of Pali, paṭhavī-, āpo-, tejo-, vāyo-dhātu, Childers, s.v.); in Laṅk 205.10 (omit bhūta-with 2 mss.) bhautika-svalakṣaṇa-vināśānu- palabdhir, evidently products of the bhūtāni, presumably as in Dharmas 40. The passage Laṅk 123.11--124.16 must, it seems, somehow be interpreted in the light of these passages, but is obscure to me (cf. also Laṅk 355.1). Suzuki is not very helpful on it; e.g. 124.13 na tu mahābhū- tānām certainly cannot mean which (primary elements) are non-existent, but rather: (the mahābhūtāni are the causes of the bhautikāni), but not (the bhautikāni) of the mahābhūtāni, i.e. but not vice versa. In Mvy 1847 bhau- tika-rūpam appears to be parallel and complementary to 1846 upādāya-rūpam, q.v.; this suggests that bhautika- rūpam = Pali bhūta-rūpa (Childers and PTSD s.v. rūpa), which acc. to Vism. = the four mahābhūtāni, earth, water, fire, and air (listed Mvy 1838--1841), contrary to Dharmas and the Chin. as cited by Suzuki, above; for the viṣayas are included among the 24 upādā(ya)-rūpa of Pali. On the basis of Mvy 1846--7 we might conjecture that in Laṅk 17.5 (see abhauti) abhautika = upādāya(-rūpam), and bhautika = bhautika (Pali bhūta)-rūpam. But if Dharmas and Chin. are right, bhautika would mean virtually the opposite of Pali bhūta(-rūpa).)-rūpa of Pali. On the basis of Mvy 1846--7 we might conjecture that in Laṅk 17.5 (see abhauti) abhautika = upādāya(-rūpam), and bhautika = bhautika (Pali bhūta)-rūpam. But if Dharmas and Chin. are right, bhautika would mean virtually the opposite of Pali bhūta(-rūpa).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/bhūmi (11296) + ((BUmi, BUmi) bhūmibhūmi¦, f., (1) (as in Skt.) earth, ground: bhūmyāṃ va carā(ḥ) = bhūmya (q.v.) or bhaumya (gods); in LV 187.12 (prose) udyāna-bhūmim upaśobhitaṃ (n. sg.) seems to present bhūmi as nt., but Tib. seems to have read simply udyānam (skyed mos tshal), without bhūmi; udyānabhūmi (Pali uyyāna°) is however common, SP 96.11 etc.; (2) capital, amount (of money; unrecorded, but seems used in same mg. Mbh. Crit. ed. ii.47.2c, where it contrasts with phala, interest): kāśibhūmiṃ kṣamati Mv iii.375.18, see s.v. kāśi, 2; (3) (= Pali id.) stage, state, [Page411-a+ 71] condition: kumāra-bhūmīm (childhood) atināmayitvā SP 68.7 (vs); śaikṣa-bhūmau, loc. (Pali sekha-bh°), the stage of a śaikṣa, q.v., SP 70.13; nirvāṇa-bhūmi-sthitā(ḥ) sma ity ātmāna (i.e. °naṃ? WT ātmanaḥ) saṃjānatāṃ (gen. pl. pres. pple.) SP 71.2 (prose), supposing themselves (erroneously) to be fixed in the state of nirvāṇa; apāya- bhūmiḥ, state of misfortune (one of three such, see apāya) SP 96.11; pithanārthāya apāyabhūmināṃ LV 178.7 (vs), to block the way (see pithana) to the states of misfortune; in LV 178.9 (vs) text baddhvā dvāra nirayāya bhūmināṃ, but read tri-r-apāya-bhū° with Tib. ṅan soṅ gsum poḥi sayi sgo chod de; dānta-bhūmim (state of being self-con- trolled) anuprāptaḥ SP 256.2; more specifically, (4) stage of progressive religious development; for the śrāvaka, seven are listed Mvy 1140--1147: śuklavidarśanā-bh°, gotra-, aṣṭamaka-, darśana-, tanu- (var. tanū-), vītarāga- (var. vigatarāga-), kṛtāvi-; the same ŚsP 1562.21 ff.; in ŚsP 1473.11 ff. (where śuklavipaśyanā-bh° for the first) and 1520.20 ff. these (nirdarśana- for 4) are followed by pratyekabuddha-bh°, bodhisattva-bh°, and buddha-bh°, making in all ten bhūmi of a bodhisattva (!), bodhisattvasya…daśa bhūmayaḥ, 1473.17--18; this list noted only in ŚsP; the usual list of ten bodhisattva-bhūmi is that given Mvy 885--895; Dharmas 64; Dbh 5.7 ff.; Sūtrāl. xx--xxi.32 ff., viz. pramuditā (Sūtrāl. muditā), vimalā, prabhākarī, arciṣmatī, sudurjayā (Sūtrāl. durjayā), abhimukhī, dūraṃgamā (Mvy Kyoto ed. °maḥ, read °mā with Mironov), acalā, sādhumatī, dhar- mameghā; the last three are named Laṅk 15.5; in Bbh 332.20 ff. the ten bodhisattva-bhūmayaḥ of Dbh (which is specifically referred to) are called bodhisattva-vihārāḥ; the 10 bodhisattva-bhūmi usually means this group, often referred to, so e.g. in Mmk 15.24 (while in Mmk 13.8 eight bodhisattva-bhūmi, presumably the first eight of the standard ten, are mentioned as attained by- Pratyeka- buddhas); a different list of ten ‘bodhisattvāna bhūmayo’ in Mv i.76.11 ff. (vss), viz: durārohā, baddhamālā (q.v., text °mānā), puṣpamaṇḍitā, rucirā, cittavistarā, rūpavatī, durjayā (cf. No. 5 of the list above), janmanideśa (-bhūmi?), yauvarājya(-bhūmi?), and abhiṣeka(-bhūmi); only the last of these, q.v., is mentioned elsewhere, in Gv; on the other hand, Bbh has an otherwise unknown list of bodhi- sattva-bhūmi, numbering six, 84.22 ff., or seven, 367.6, listed 367.3 ff. and identical with the other list except for an additional first member, gotra-bhūmi; the (other) six are adhimukticaryā- bh°, śuddhyadhyāśaya- (or śuddhādhy°), caryāpratipatti-, niyata- (or niyatā bhūmi), niyatacaryā- (or °ryā-pratipatti-), and niṣṭhā- gamana-bh°.; only the last of these, q.v., is mentioned elsewhere, in Gv; on the other hand, Bbh has an otherwise unknown list of bodhi- sattva-bhūmi, numbering six, 84.22 ff., or seven, 367.6, listed 367.3 ff. and identical with the other list except for an additional first member, gotra-bhūmi; the (other) six are adhimukticaryā- bh°, śuddhyadhyāśaya- (or śuddhādhy°), caryāpratipatti-, niyata- (or niyatā bhūmi), niyatacaryā- (or °ryā-pratipatti-), and niṣṭhā- gamana-bh°.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/bhṛkuṭīka (11323) + ((BfkuwIka, BfkuwIka) bhṛkuṭīka¦, adj. (cf. Pali bhākuṭika, adj., and -bhṛku- ṭika), frowning: in RP 31.2 (vs) read āvāsagṛdhra (= °rāḥ) °kās (n. pl. m.).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/bhumī (11278) + ((BumI, BumI) ? bhumī< … (BumI, BumI) ? bhumī¦, LV 155.11 (vs), so Calc. and Lefm., who cites all mss. as bhūmī (unmetr.): na ca utthitu āsani no ca bhumī; Tib. gdan las ma bzheṅs (from seat not arise) brtsol ba ma mchis su (not making any effort; brtsol = vyāyāma, vyavasāya). Possibly read bhramī, aor. of root bhram? and did not stir.yāma, vyavasāya). Possibly read bhramī, aor. of root bhram? and did not stir.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/chidrīkaraṇa (6415) + ((CidrIkaraRa, CidrIkaraRa) chidrīkaraṇa¦ (nt.; to next), in a-cchid°, the (not) making defective: °raṇāvipādanatayā (i.e. -avipād°) Bbh 187.14.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/chorayati (6429) + ((Corayati, Corayati) cho … (Corayati, Corayati) chorayati¦, rarely (Mv iii.20.2) choḍ° (cf. prec.; not in Pali; AMg. and JM. ppp. choḍi(y)a, discharged, released; Hindi choṛnā, let go, release, abandon, etc., see Turner, Nep. Dict. s.v. choṛnu), (1) clears away, removes: (withered flowers from caityas) choretva jālaṃ (see jāla) jinacetiyeṣu Mv ii.391.22; 392.4, 8, 12, 16, 20 (vss); same passages Śikṣ 306.2, 4 choritva, but 6, 8, 10 apanīya (ms.; wrongly em. to upa° in ed.); Tib. cited by Bendall as bsal ba, which can only mean remove, clear away; immediately following verses deal unambiguously with meritorious clearing away of withered flowers, and in Mv ii.394.6, 10 choretva is again used, with objects osannapuṣpaṃ and nirmālyaṃ; Senart and Bendall misunderstand; pātrādhiṣṭhānaṃ chorayitavyam MSV iii.98.3--4, he must put away the (food-) bowl-stand; (2) throws away (refuse, food-leavings, dirty water, etc.): chorayiṣyāmaḥ Mvy 8595 = Prāt 534.13 (water with which the food bowl has been washed); Mvy 8596 (leavings of food); ekānte chorayitvā (id.; text sthor°) Mmk 107.27; chorito (food regarded as unclean) Divy 86.23; annapānaṃ choryate Divy 84.21; ucchiṣṭoda- kaṃ choritaṃ 185.28; tad (foul stuff) ekānte chorayitvā Av i.255.7; chorayitvā (a dead body) Divy 166.1; sapta parvatā utpāṭitā, utpāṭayitvā laghunīvānyapradeśe cho- rayitvā Kv 31.24, having plucked up and thrown away; with gen., tasya pātraśeṣaṃ °yanti MSV i.5.14, threw to that (ape) what (food) was left in their bowls; (3) discharges (bodily discharges): chorayiṣyāmaḥ (°mi; not in an im- proper place) Mvy 8627--28; emits (a sigh), ucchvāsaṃ choritam Kv 57.15, 16; (4) casts off, puts aside, lays down (garments, ornaments): vastrāṇy ābharaṇāni ca pṛthivyāṃ chorayanti sma LV 321.2; mukuṭaṃ…chorayitvā LV 135.11 (vs), (Śuddhodana) laying off his diadem (etc., in saluting the Bodhisattva); (5) abandons, leaves (a place): choritva kṣetrāṇi svaka-svakāni SP 251.5 (vs), leaving their several (Buddha-) fields (they have come here; mis- understood by Burnouf and Kern); kva tvaṃ gato 'si mama śayi chorayitvā LV 230.18 (vs; Gopā apostrophizes the Bodhisattva), abandoning my bed; (6) abandons, gives up: rājyaṃ ca rāṣṭraṃ ca chorayitvā Mv ii.483.3 = iii.18.6 (vs); choritā (? precise mg. uncertain from lack of context) Mvy 2553; gives away (in largess), paṭakāś choritāḥ MSV ii.107.2; (7) abandons, deserts (a person): taṃ (sc. rājānaṃ) choḍitvā (v.l. choḍayitvā) Mv iii.20.2 (prose); choritaḥ (a man) Divy 6.6; 334.22; chorayantu (a woman, in a cemetery, after cutting off her hands, feet, ears, and nose) Divy 353.23; sa tam ekānte prakramya (read prakrāmya? [Page237-a+ 4] caus.) chorayitvā prakrāntaḥ (Speyer em. violently) Av i.245.4, making him go off to one side and deserting him, he departed; (8) gets rid of, relieves oneself of (periods of life in the world): iyataḥ Subhūte kalpān bodhisattvo… [Page237-b+ 4] chorayati vipṛṣṭhīkaroti saṃsārād vyantīkaroti AsP 343.18--19, so many aeons the B. gets rid of, abandons, puts an end to, from the round of existence (i.e. he shortens his necessary stay in the saṃsāra).āntaḥ (Speyer em. violently) Av i.245.4, making him go off to one side and deserting him, he departed; (8) gets rid of, relieves oneself of (periods of life in the world): iyataḥ Subhūte kalpān bodhisattvo… [Page237-b+ 4] chorayati vipṛṣṭhīkaroti saṃsārād vyantīkaroti AsP 343.18--19, so many aeons the B. gets rid of, abandons, puts an end to, from the round of existence (i.e. he shortens his necessary stay in the saṃsāra).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/dhātu (7891) + ((DAtu, DAtu) dhātudhātu¦, m. or f. (nt. forms occur rarely; in Skt. recorded only as m.; in Pali app. usually, acc. to PTSD only, f., but acc. to Childers m. and f.); in BHS most commonly m.; f. examples, ākāśadhātuṃ yaḥ sarvām SP 253.13, pṛthivīdhātuṃ ca yaḥ sarvāṃ 254.1; yattikā pṛthivīdhātu Mv i.126.12; svakāye tejodhātūye (instr.) 357.16--17; see also lokadhātu, often f. as well as m.; nt., tāni dhātūni Mv ii.93.20 (vs); in Mv iii.65.10 ff. adj. forms of all three genders, catvāro (dhātavaḥ), repeatedly, 10--12; catvāri, 11; tiṣṭhamānāvo (f. n. pl.) and bhajyamā- nīyo, 11; (= Pali id. in all mgs. except 6; in some included here, viz. 1 and 2, more or less similarly in Skt.; some [Page282-b+ 71] Pali mgs. etymologically explained in Vism. 485.2 ff.;) the most fundamental meaning is perhaps element, cf. Lévi, Sūtrāl. i.18 note 1, ‘l’idée centrale reste toujours celle de élément primordial, original, principe’; Tib. regularly ren- ders khams, except in cpd. dharma-dh° where it renders dbyiṅs; once (below, 6) it uses rluṅ; conscious recognition of several different mgs. in a four-pāda vs: sattvadhātu paripācayiṣyase, lokadhātu pariśodhayiṣyasi, jñānadhātum utthāpayiṣyase (meter!), āśayasya tava dhātu tādṛśaḥ Gv 484.15--16, you will completely mature the (or, a) mass of creatures, you will completely purify the world-system(s), you will raise up on high the sphere (state of mind? see below) of knowledge; such is the natural character of your disposition; (1) physical element, constituent of the material world, of which, like Pali, BHS normally recognizes (a) four, earth, water, fire, and air or wind, pṛthivī, ap, tejas, vāyu; listed Mvy 1838--41 pṛthivī-dhātuḥ etc. but given the caption catvāri mahābhūtāni 1837; and cf. Śikṣ 250.14 under (b) below; in a cliché, na…karmāṇi kṛtāny upa- citāni vāhye pṛthivīdhātau vipacyante nābdhātau na tejodhātau na vāyudhātāv api tūpātteṣv (em., but prob- able), eva skandhadhātvāyataneṣu vipacyante Divy 54.5 ff.; 131.9 ff.; 141.9 ff.; (with slight alterations 191.16;) 311.18 ff.; 504.19 ff.; 581.29 ff.; 584.16 ff.; Av i.74.4 ff., (the effects of) deeds done do not mature in the four external physical elements, but in the skandha, dhātu (sense 4, q.v.), and āyatana (q.v.); iha dhātu-bhūta (so divide) caturo… viśoṣitā me bhavasamudrā LV 373.13(--14; vs), here I have dried up the four ‘oceans’ of existence (there are four oceans in normal Hindu geography, surrounding the earth) which consist of (-bhūta) the (four) elements; catvāro… dhātavaḥ Mv iii.65.10; caturo dhātava LV 284.5 (vs; Foucaux renders directions, claiming support of Tib., but Tib. khams, the regular rendering of dhātu); abdhātuṃ pratyāpibanti SP 122.5 (pratically simply water); tejo- dhātu, see this separately; pṛthivīdhātu Mv i.126.12; SP 254.1; but also (b) again as in Pali, not five as in Skt. but six, the above four plus ākāśa (as in Skt.; note ākāśa- dhātu alone SP 253.13; 342.11) and also vijñāna (Pali viññāṇa), listed Dharmas 58 as ṣaḍ dhātavaḥ; important is Śikṣ 244.11 ff. (similarly Bcṭ 326.24 ff.): ṣaḍdhātur ayaṃ …puruṣaḥ…katame ṣaṭ? tad yathā: pṛthivīdhātur abdh° tejodh° vāyudh° ākāśadh° vijñānadh° ca…ṣaḍ imāni…sparśāyatanāni (see āyatana 5)…cakṣuḥ sparśāyatanaṃ rūpāṇāṃ darśanāya, (and so) śrotraṃ… ghrāṇaṃ…jihvā…kāya(ḥ) sparśāyatanaṃ spraṣṭavyā- nāṃ sparśanāya, manaḥ spa° dharmāṇāṃ vijñānāya… (245.1 ff.) adhyātmikaḥ pṛthivīdhātuḥ, which is whatever is hard in the body, as hair, nails, teeth, etc.; (245.4) bāhyaḥ pṛthivīdhātuḥ is whatever is hard in the outside world. Similarly with abdhātu 246.16 ff.; tejodhātu 248.2 ff.; vāyudhātu 248.11--249.3; ākāśadhātu 249.3 ff., in the body of man, is such things as the mouth, throat, etc. (empty space, we would say); in the outside world, what is hollow and empty (as a hole in the ground); vijñānadhātu 250.5 ff., (line 7) ṣaḍindriyādhipateyā (see ādhipateya) ṣaḍviṣayā- rambaṇā (read °baṇa-, in accord with line 5 cakṣurindriyā- dhipateyā rūpārambaṇaprativijñaptiḥ; see ārambaṇa 3) viṣayavijñaptir ayam ucyate vijñānadhātuḥ (this is only adhyātmika; there is no external vijñāna); in 250.14 ff. it is made clear that the sparśāyatanāni, i.e. the sensory organs or powers (244.15 ff.), are constituted by equili- brtum or tranquillity (prasāda 2, q.v.) of the four physical elements (a, above, here called mahābhūtāni, as in Mvy 1837): katamac cakṣurāyatanam? yac caturṇāṃ mahā- bhūtānāṃ prasādaḥ, tad yathā, pṛthivīdhātor abdhātos tejodhātor vāyudhātor yāvat, etc.; these four only make up the several senses; ākāśa, emptiness, cannot be involved, and vijñāna (six-fold) is what results from the operation of each sense on its appropriate objects; (2) element in the body exclusively and specifically (aside from 1 above [Page283-a+ 71] which applies to the body but also to all the external world), pretty much as in Skt. (BR s.v. dhātu 3), but I have found no numerical listing of them in BHS (in Skt. various numbers occur, rarely 3 = the 3 doṣa, wind, gall, phlegm; but regularly 7, sometimes 5 or 10), main con- stituent of the body: in Suv 179.5 six (ṣaḍdhātu-kauśalya, see below, end, note*); abhiṣyaṇṇā vātātapā saṃvṛttā Mv iii.143.16, cf. abhiṣyaṇṇehi dhātūhi 144.6; 153.11; 154.8, see s.vv. abhiṣyaṇṇa and vātātapa, excessive or over- exuberant bodily humors (a cause of disease; Pali uses abhi(s)- sanna of the dosa, Skt. doṣa, [three] bodily humors); dhātu- vaiṣamyāc ca glānaḥ Divy 191.28, sick from an upset con- dition of the humors; tvaṃ vaidya (n. sg.; so divide) dhātu- kuśalas LV 184.21 (vs), thou, a physician skilled in the humors or bodily elements; kaccid dhātavaḥ pratikurvanti SP 429.4, I hope your bodily humors (or elements) are acting properly?; (3) the 18 dhātu, psycho-physical constituent elements of the personality in relation to the outside world (Pali id.), are the 12 āyatana (i.e. the 6 senses plus 6 sense-objects, see s.v. 5) plus the 6 corresponding sensory perceptions, vijñāna; listed Mvy 2040--58, cakṣur-dhātuḥ, rūpa-dhātuḥ, cakṣur-vijñāna-dhātuḥ, and so with śrotra (śabda), ghrāṇa (gandha), jihvā (rasa), kāya (spraṣṭavya), mano (dharma); same in abbreviated form (with sparśa for spraṣṭavya) Dharmas 25; aṣṭādaśa dhātavaś LV 372.7; see also varṇa-dhātu; (4) constituent element of the mind, ‘heart’, or character, and so by extension (psychic) char- acter, nature, natural disposition; as element of the citta, Av ii.140.13 ff., śamatha-vipaśyanā-paribhāvitam…(14) āryaśrāvakasya cittaṃ dhātuśo (cf. Pali dhātuso in quite similar sense, SN ii.154.19 ff., referring to dhātu 153.23 ff.; note avijjā-dhātu 153.29) vimucyate. tatra sthavira katame dhātavaḥ? yaś ca…(141.1) prahāṇa-dhātur yaś ca virāga-dhātur yaś ca nirodha-dhātuḥ, kasya nu…pra- hāṇāt (2) prahāṇadhātur ity ucyate?…(3) sarvasaṃskā- rāṇāṃ…prahāṇāt prahāṇadhātur ity ucyate, and so identically with virāga and nirodha; in this sense I under- stand nānādhātu-jñāna-balam Mvy 123 (one of the 10 balāni of a Buddha), and (also one of the 10 balāni) nānādhātukaṃ (-ka Bhvr.; = °dhātuṃ) lokaṃ vidanti Mv i.159.14; nānādhātum imaṃ lokam anuvartanti paṇ- ḍitāḥ (= Tathāgatāḥ) Mv i.90.17; Pali similarly has anekadhātu and nānādhātu as eps. of loka, and knowledge of them as one of the 10 balāni, e.g. MN i.70.9--10, where comm. ii.29.20 ff. is uncertain, cakkhudhātu-ādīhi (see 3 above) kāmadhātu-ādīhi (see 5 below) vā dhātūhi bahu- dhātuṃ…lokaṃ ti khandhāyatanadhātu-lokaṃ (see be- low); but DN ii.282.25 ff. seems to prove that the mg. is different, anekadhātu nānādhātu kho…loko…, yaṃ yad eva sattā dhātuṃ abhinivisanti, taṃ tad eva thāmasā …abhinivissa voharanti: idam eva saccaṃ moghaṃ aññaṃ ti; tasmā na sabbe…ekantavādā ekantasīlā ekantachandā ekanta-ajjhosānā ti (here, dhātu is surely something like nature, disposition, as comm. says, ajjhāsaya, iii.737.18); similarly, nānādhimuktānāṃ sattvānāṃ nānā- dhātv-āśayānām āśayaṃ viditvā SP 41.3; 71.8, knowing the disposition of creatures who vary in interests and who vary in character and disposition; CPD s.v. anekadhātu (as ep. of loka) is not quite clear, saying with many elements, or natural conditions (or dispositions); confirmation of this interpretation may be found in a cliché, (bhagavāṃs teṣāṃ, or the like)…āśayānuśayaṃ (see anuśaya) dhā- tuṃ prakṛtiṃ ca jñātvā (evidently disposition, character, or state of mind) Divy 46.23; 47.9--10; 48.12--13; 49.11--12; (in 209.12 cpd. āśayānuśayadhātuprakṛtiṃ ca, in view of ca prob. to be read °dhātuṃ;) 462.9--10; 463.18--19, etc.; Av i.64.12--13; also āśayasya tava dhātu tādṛśaḥ Gv 484.16, above, and possibly jñāna-dhātu in the same line, but here sphere (5, below) may be meant; here also, it seems, must be included dhātu, state of mind, psychic characteristic, when used parallel (or in composition) with [Page283-b+ 71] skandha and āyatana (where, if sense 3 were intended, āyatana would be included in dhātu so that tautology would result), as: te skandhā tāni dhātūni tāni āyatanāni ca, ātmānaṃ ca adhikṛtya bhagavān tam (mss. etam; Senart's em. leaves the meter still bad) arthaṃ vyākare (v.l. °ret) Mv ii.93.20--21 (vss); na skandha-āyatana- dhātu (read as one dvandva cpd., as suggested by Tib. phuṅ po skye mched khams rnams, the last syllable being the plural suffix, put after the third noun only, saṅs rgyas yin mi smra) vademi Buddhaṃ LV 420.17 (vs), I do not say that the skandha, sense-organs and their objects, and states of mind are Buddha; skandhadhātvāyataneṣu Divy 54.5 ff. etc. (see 1a, above), roughly, in the mental (not gross-physical) constitution; in LV 177.5 (vs) read, skandhāyatanāni dhātavaḥ, with citation of the line Śikṣ 240.5, as required by meter and supported by Tib. (Lefm. skandhadhātvāyatanāni dhātavaḥ); (5) sphere, region, world, state of existence (Pali id.); so in lokadhātu, q.v.; sometimes dhātu alone appears to be short for loka-dhātu, world(-region): ratnāvatī nāma dhātv aika (read ekā?) yatrāsau bhagavān vaset Mmk 139.1 (vs, bad meter); evam aśeṣata dharmata dhātuṃ sarv’ adhimucyami pūrṇa jinebhiḥ Bhad 3, thus completely according to what is right I devote myself to the world(-region) that is all full of Buddhas (wrongly Leumann); three states of existence, kāma-dh°, rūpa-dh° (qq.v.), and ārūpya- (q.v.) dh° (all in Pali); nirvāṇa-dhātu (Pali nibbāna°, usually with adj. anupā- disesa), the sphere or state, condition, of nirvāṇa, usually with adj. anupadhiśeṣa, SP 21.9; 411.5; Kv 18.19 (text arūpaviśeṣe, read anupadhiśeṣe, nirvāṇadhātau), or niru- padhiśeṣa, Divy 22.9; 242.16; 394.8; asadṛśa nirvāṇa- dhātu-saukhyam Sukh 9.1 (vs); see also dharma-dhātu, sphere of religion; jñānadhātum utthāpayiṣyase Gv 484.16 (above), you will raise up on high the sphere (? possibly state of mind, mg. 4) of knowledge; (6) from this last, world, sphere, develops the meaning mass, abundance, large quantity (not recorded in Pali nor recognized by Lévi, Sūtrāl. i.18 note 1), chiefly in comp. with sattva: tvayā Mañjuśrīḥ kiyān sattvadhātur vinītaḥ SP 261.8, how large a quantity of creatures have you, M., trained (religiously)? (so both Burnouf and Kern; no other interpretation seems possible); dūrapraṇaṣṭaṃ sattvadhātuṃ viditvā SP 187.1 (Burnouf, la réunion des êtres; Kern creatures, adopting a v.l. sattvān which is not recorded in either ed.); (yathā- bhinimantritasya) sattvadhātoḥ paripākakālam LV 180.4 (Tib. khams = dhātoḥ); vyavasthāpitaḥ sattvadhātuḥ LV 351.9 (see s.v. dharmadhātu; note that Tib. renders dhātu by dbyiṅs after dharma-, but by khams after sattva-); na tv eva śakyaṃ gaṇayituṃ sarvasattvadhātū (v.l. °tuṃ) daśasu diśāsu…Mv ii.295.11; yāvanti buddhakṣetrasmiṃ sattvadhātu (so mss., evidently pl.; Senart °tū) acintiyā 352.12; sattvadhātavaḥ parimokṣitāḥ Kv 13.24; sattva- dhātu- (in comp.) 15.5; °tu paripācayiṣyase Gv 484.15 (vs, above); na ca sattvadhātuṃ parityajanti Gv 471.23; rarely with any other word than sattva, śiśire hi yathā himadhātu mahān (a great mass of snow) tṛṇagulmavanau- ṣadhi-ojaharo (one cpd. word) LV 175.3 (vs), cited Śikṣ 206.1; here Foucaux translates wind, claiming support of Tib. rluṅ, which does indeed primarily mean wind, but is also used of the bodily humors, which is one of the mgs. of dhātu (2, above); Foucaux's mg. could only be right if we em. to vāyu (or vāta), but Śikṣ confirms dhātu, which cannot possibly mean wind in the ordinary natural sense; it seems that Tib. misunderstood the passage and used a word which is a synonym of khams (= dhātu) in one of its senses, but does not fit here; (7) (orig. elemental bodily substance, 2 above; hence) relics, bodily remains (after death; = Pali id.), sg. or pl.: (buddhānāṃ) dhā- tustūpāḥ SP 7.3; 340.12, relic-stūpas; dhātu SP 99.1 (sg.); 324.1 (pl.); jina-dhātuṣu 341.2; (yaś ca parinirvṛtasya, v.l. adds tathāgatasya,) sarṣapaphalamātram api dhātum [Page284-a+ 71] (so read) satkareyā Mv ii.362.15; lokanāthasya dhātuṣu Mv ii.367.3; dhātu-vibhāgaṃ kṛtvā Divy 90.9, division, distribution of the relics; śarīra-dhātūn Divy 368.27, °tuṃ 380.19; dhātu-pratyaṃśaṃ dattvā 380.20; dhātavaḥ 381.2; dhātu, sg., Suv 13.6 ff.; dhātu- (in comp.) RP 6.9; dhātū- nām 57.3; see also dhātu-vigraha and (dhātv-) avaro- paṇa. -- [Note*: on the medical use of dhātu, see No- bel, JAOS Supplement 11 to Vol. 71 No. 3, 1951; on Suv 179.5 (above; 2) esp. p. 8.]at mass of snow) tṛṇagulmavanau- ṣadhi-ojaharo (one cpd. word) LV 175.3 (vs), cited Śikṣ 206.1; here Foucaux translates wind, claiming support of Tib. rluṅ, which does indeed primarily mean wind, but is also used of the bodily humors, which is one of the mgs. of dhātu (2, above); Foucaux's mg. could only be right if we em. to vāyu (or vāta), but Śikṣ confirms dhātu, which cannot possibly mean wind in the ordinary natural sense; it seems that Tib. misunderstood the passage and used a word which is a synonym of khams (= dhātu) in one of its senses, but does not fit here; (7) (orig. elemental bodily substance, 2 above; hence) relics, bodily remains (after death; = Pali id.), sg. or pl.: (buddhānāṃ) dhā- tustūpāḥ SP 7.3; 340.12, relic-stūpas; dhātu SP 99.1 (sg.); 324.1 (pl.); jina-dhātuṣu 341.2; (yaś ca parinirvṛtasya, v.l. adds tathāgatasya,) sarṣapaphalamātram api dhātum [Page284-a+ 71] (so read) satkareyā Mv ii.362.15; lokanāthasya dhātuṣu Mv ii.367.3; dhātu-vibhāgaṃ kṛtvā Divy 90.9, division, distribution of the relics; śarīra-dhātūn Divy 368.27, °tuṃ 380.19; dhātu-pratyaṃśaṃ dattvā 380.20; dhātavaḥ 381.2; dhātu, sg., Suv 13.6 ff.; dhātu- (in comp.) RP 6.9; dhātū- nām 57.3; see also dhātu-vigraha and (dhātv-) avaro- paṇa. -- [Note*: on the medical use of dhātu, see No- bel, JAOS Supplement 11 to Vol. 71 No. 3, 1951; on Suv 179.5 (above; 2) esp. p. 8.])
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/dhūta-guṇa (7944) + ((DUtaguRa, DUta-guRa) dh … (DUtaguRa, DUta-guRa) dhūta-guṇa¦, m., usually pl. (also dhuta°, q.v.: corresp. to Pali dhūtaṅga, dhu°; Pali also has dhūtaguṇa, Dhp. comm. iii.399.18; and dhu°, q.v.; cf. also dhuta- dharma), the qualities or virtues of the purified man (Tib. sbyaṅs pa, pure), viz. of an ascetic who lives an unworldly life (see dhuta, which is also used alone in the sense of °guṇa); also as Bhvr., one who possesses these qualities: °ṇa-samanvāgato SP 135.9; °ṇa-sākṣātkṛtā(ḥ) Divy 62.3; °ṇa-vādinām agro Divy 61.28; 395.23; said of Kāśyapa, see s.v. dhuta°; there are 12 °ṇāḥ (Bhvr., m., persons so characterized) in BHS, Mvy 7011 and 1127, listed 1128-1139 as pāṃśukūlika, traicīvarika, nāma(n)tika, paiṇḍapātika, aikāsanika, khalu-paścād-bhaktika, āraṇyaka, vṛkṣamūlika, ābhyavakāśika, śmāśānika, naiṣadika, yāthāsaṃstarika, qq.v.; same in diff. order and with minor variants (recorded s.vv.) Dharmas 63, and (without the name dh°) AsP 387.3--8; in Pali there are 13 dhutaṅga, see Childers, and esp. Vism. i.59.15 ff. where they are listed and defined; they include Pali equivalents of all the above except the third, and in addition two others, sāpadānacārika, and pattapiṇḍika. 13 dhutaṅga, see Childers, and esp. Vism. i.59.15 ff. where they are listed and defined; they include Pali equivalents of all the above except the third, and in addition two others, sāpadānacārika, and pattapiṇḍika.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/dharma (7706) + ((Darma, Darma<h>2) 2 <b& … (Darma, Darma<h>2) 2 dharma¦, normally m. as in Skt.; occasionally (as in Pali, see Childers s.v. dhammo) nt.: SP 70.2 (vs) acc. to Kashgar rec. duḥśrāddheyam idaṃ dharmaṃ deśitam adya śāstṛṇām (ms.), but Tib. seems to support Nep. mss. which lack dharma; idam…dharmaṃ śrutvā SP 71.3 (prose; KN em. to imaṃ, which WT keep without note); aśrutvaiva…idam…dharmaṃ SP 60.4 (here kept with all mss. in both edd.); mā…a-dharmaṃ utpadyate LV 15.10 (prose), may no wickedness arise; idaṃ dharmaṃ LV 396.1 (prose; acc. sg.); paramaṃ dharmaṃ Mv ii.99.5 (n. sg.; in next sentence dharmo).--(1) characteristic, quality, substantially as in Skt. (BR s.v. 2), but used in BHS, as in Pali dhamma, very commonly and in a way which seems specially pointed and deserving of special [Page276-b+ 71] mention: asti-dharma, see s.v. 1 asti; vināśa-dharmeṇa (subject to destruction, perishable) mānsena Mv i.94.12; divyāś ca kāyāḥ parihāṇa- (v.l. °ṇi-) dharmāḥ SP 162.3 (vs), and divine bodies were characterized by diminution, i.e. became few (meaning proved by parallel 170.2; wrongly Burnouf and Kern); māreṇa…īrṣyādharmaparītena LV 267.2 (prose), full of the quality of jealousy; catvāra ime… duḥkhavipākā dharmāḥ RP 19.16 (prose), qualities that result in misery, i.e. vices; in Mv iii.200.5 are mentioned eight āścaryādbhuta dharma, marvelous qualities, of the Buddha, seven of which (the eighth apparently being omitted by mistake) are listed 200.6--202.2; they cor- respond imperfectly to the eight yathābhucca vaṇṇa of Pali DN ii.222.7, listed 222.13--224.14 (DN nos. 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8 = Mv nos. 2, 7, 3, 4, 6); śuddhāvāsā ca devā aṣṭādaśa āmodanīyāṃ dharmān (the eighteen ‘qualities of rejoicing’, here conditions of, elements or matters for re- joicing) pratilabhanti Mv ii.259.10 (they are listed in the sequel); (2) like Pali dhamma, dharma (or dharmāyatana) is the object of manas (as rūpa of cakṣus, etc.); sometimes rendered idea; it seems likely that, at least in origin, it meant quality, characteristic (= 1), as that element in the outside world which the indriya manas (as distinguished from the five external organs of perception) concerned itself with; see AbhidhK. LaV-P. i.45, where it is ex- plained that ‘tho all the āyatanas are dharmas’ (qualities), ‘because it includes many and the chief (agra) dharma, one āyatana is specifically so called;’ in any case this exclusively Buddhist use occurs: dharmāyatanam Mvy 2039; Dharmas 24; dharmadhātuḥ Mvy 2057 (after mano- dhātuḥ, as dharmāyatanam 2039 follows mana-āy°); manendriyaṃ dharmavicāraṇeṣu Suv 56.12; similarly 57.8, etc.; see also dharmāyatanika, s.v. āyatanika; (3) in Laṅk used in a peculiar sense; pañcadharmāḥ Laṅk 229.6; °rma- id. 2.2; the list of them is given id. 228.5 pañca- dharmo (v.l. °mā, which seems surely correct), nimittaṃ nāma vikalpas tathatā samyagjñānaṃ ca, which are then defined in the sequel, but I confess I find the definitions hard to understand; Suzuki, Studies 155 ff., discusses the passage and renders dharma by category; it seems likely that it started out as a specilized application of mg. (1), quality; (4) very commonly, as with Pali dhamma, state of existence, condition of being; crystallized in the phrase or cpd. dṛṣṭa dharma, the present state, the present life, see dṛṣṭa-dharma; (nāhaṃ…ye) dharmā anityās te nityato deśayāmi, nāpi ye dharmā nityā te anityato deśayāmi Mv i.173.2, I do not teach that impermanent states are permanent, nor permanent ones impermanent; mostly restricted to states of empiric, hence transitory, worthless, existence: nairātmyaṃ…dharmāṇāṃ Laṅk 1.4; nairātmy’ aśubhāś (so divide, as Foucaux implies) ca dharm’ ime LV 176.19 (vs); māyasamāṃs tatha svapnasamāṃś ca …samudīkṣati dharmāṃ; LV 308.9 (vs), but note in 10 that the word is used in two radically different senses, īdṛśa dharma-nayaṃ vimṛṣanto (considering as such the rule, nature, condition, of the states of existence)…dhyāyati saṃsthitu dharme, he meditated…steadfast in the Doctrine; dharma pratītya-samutthita buddhvā LV 308.13 (vs, just after prec.), realizing that the states of being have originated by dependent-causation; śāntāḥ kila (read with WT °lā or with Ḱ °laḥ) sarv’ imi dharm’ anāsravā…(4) na cātra kaścid bhavatīha dharmo SP 117.3--4 (vs; Burnouf and Kern take dharma in 3 as law), all the conditions of being (in the saint) are calmed, free of the impurities (so that) there is not (any longer) in them under these conditions any state of (conditioned, empiric) existence; by extension, however, even nirvāṇa is called a dharma, state of being: (śreṣṭho…) dharmāṇa nirvāṇaṃ iva Mv i.166.18 (vs), (Buddha is the best of creatures) as nirvāṇa of states of being; nirvṛtau…dharma (loc. sg.) RP 6.9 (vs), in the state (of) nirvāṇa. See also the following cpds., esp. dharma- [Page277-a+ 71] kāya. For Dharma as n. pr. see prec.; for dharma as adj. see next. I have not listed dharma law, doctrine (second of the 3 ratna, Dharmas 1 etc.), since it is both extremely common and hardly un-Skt. It may refer particularly to the collections of sūtras which set forth the Doctrine; see e.g. dharma-caryā.--dharma is also one of the four pratisaṃvid, q.v.; on the mg. here see esp. AbhidhK. LaV-P. vii.89. ff., with references (note Dbh 77.3 ff.); it seems likely to belong to mg. (4) but definitions are con- fusingly variant and obscure.nirvāṇa. See also the following cpds., esp. dharma- [Page277-a+ 71] kāya. For Dharma as n. pr. see prec.; for dharma as adj. see next. I have not listed dharma law, doctrine (second of the 3 ratna, Dharmas 1 etc.), since it is both extremely common and hardly un-Skt. It may refer particularly to the collections of sūtras which set forth the Doctrine; see e.g. dharma-caryā.--dharma is also one of the four pratisaṃvid, q.v.; on the mg. here see esp. AbhidhK. LaV-P. vii.89. ff., with references (note Dbh 77.3 ff.); it seems likely to belong to mg. (4) but definitions are con- fusingly variant and obscure.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/dharmatā (7738) + ((DarmatA, DarmatA) dharm … (DarmatA, DarmatA) dharmatā¦ (= Pali dhammatā), natural and normal custom, habit, natural condition, what is to be expected, normal state, rule, standard custom, ordinary thing; (as in Pali) often in n. sg., frequently at the beginning of a sentence and often followed by khalu (sometimes hi), (you are to know that) it is the regular thing, often then gen. of person, as e.g. buddhānāṃ, rarely loc., and a clause stating what the ‘regular thing’ is; but sometimes also referring to what precedes: dharmatā (usually foll. by khalu or hi)…Mv i.338.19 (…(i)yaṃ teṣāṃ sattvānāṃ…); iii.255.17 (…buddhānāṃ…); Divy 3.2; 18.8; 67.16, etc.; Av i.4.6; 10.6, etc.; Jm 88.3; 98.16; iyam atra dharmatā LV 219.5; RP 10.9; dharmatā hy eṣā dharmāṇāṃ Laṅk 9.4 (vs), for this is the normal condition of states-of-existence; lokahitāna dharmatā SP 392.2 (vs); buddhānāṃ eṣā (read with v.l. eṣa, m.c.) dharmatā Mv iii.327.12 (vs); loc., eṣa buddheṣu dharmatā Ud xxi.12 (same vs with gen. in Pali AN ii.21.22); dharmatā-pratilambha eṣa caramabhā- vikānāṃ bodhisattvānāṃ…LV 161.12 (here I fail to see that -pratilambha adds anything in particular; the cpd. seems to mean about the same as dharmatā alone, it is the established, normal procedure…); (bodhisattva- sya…) abhijñādharmatā LV 85.10, normal state of (having the) abhijñā; dharmatā-prāpta Mv i.301.8, arrived at the normal (correct, to-be-expected) state, said of the mind of a Pratyekabuddha; pratyātma-dharmatā-śuddhaṃ (nayaṃ) Laṅk 8.1 (vs); śruṇuya yo ti dharmatāṃ LV 54.2 (vs), who ever hears your true nature (regular procedure; con- trasted with one who just sees or listens, i.e. to a few words); lokānuvartanakriyā-dharmatāṃ anuvartya LV 179.18; jarādharmatāyām anatītāḥ Mv ii.151.7, not free from (subjection to) the normal condition of old age; jāti- dharmatāyāḥ (abl.) Av i.211.15, from the normal condition [Page278-b+ 71] of birth; instr., by the method (means) of…, by way of…: (śatana-patana-vikiraṇa-) vidhvaṃsana-dharmatayā Divy 180.24; 281.31; atyantakṣīṇakṣaya-dharmatayā (so, as cpd.) niruddhāḥ LV 419.16 (vs), Tib. śin tu zad ciṅ byaṅ baḥi chos-ñid-kyis (dharmatayā) ni ḥgags; paramagatigato 'si dharmatāye Mv iii.381.8, you have gone to the highest goal according to your natural, normal procedure; dharmatāṃ vā pratisaraty Bbh 255.13, see pratisarati. In Bhad 3 Leumann interprets dharmata-dhātuṃ as m.c. for dhar- matā-dh° which he assumes = dharma-dh°; but dharmata is rather for °taḥ, abl. of dharma, as a separate word. the highest goal according to your natural, normal procedure; dharmatāṃ vā pratisaraty Bbh 255.13, see pratisarati. In Bhad 3 Leumann interprets dharmata-dhātuṃ as m.c. for dhar- matā-dh° which he assumes = dharma-dh°; but dharmata is rather for °taḥ, abl. of dharma, as a separate word.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/dhyāmīkaraṇa (7981) + ((DyAmIkaraRa, DyAmIkaraRa) <b& … (DyAmIkaraRa, DyAmIkaraRa) dhyāmīkaraṇa¦, adj. and subst. nt. (to next), making dark, eclipsing: (f. adj. °ṇī) sarvagrahanakṣatra-dhyāmīka raṇi (voc. sg.) Sādh 416.23; °ṇam, presumably subst. nt., Mvy 6624 = Tib. mog mog par bya ba (byas pa), making (made) very dark.Mvy 6624 = Tib. mog mog par bya ba (byas pa), making (made) very dark.)

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