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Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/parijaya (8994) + ((parijaya, parijaya) par … (parijaya, parijaya) parijaya¦, m. (see next; = Skt. paricaya, § 2.28, cf. s.vv. paricita, paricetar), intensive cultivation, thorough acquaintance, familiarity, careful consideration (with loc.): Mvy 6532; Bbh 11.16 a-parijayād; AsP 293.1 prajñāyāṃ parijayaṃ karoṣi; 322.3; 332.9 dhyāna-parijayaṃ ca karoti; 356.14 ānimitte ca parijayaṃ karoti; 370.3 śūnya- tāyāṃ; 370.16, 17. Prakritic j for c: Leumann cited by Wogihara in Bbh. Lex. 32. According to Wogihara, in AsP 332.9 the word would mean conquest, mastery, from root ji, and also in a ms. citation from Yaśomitra, AbhidhK. (cf. LaV-P. vi.150) yogācāras trividhaḥ, ādikarmikaḥ, kṛtaparijayaḥ (un maître, LaV-P.), atikrāntamanasikāraś ca. I see no reason to separate these passages from the others. It is clear to me that BHS has only one word parijaya, and I think Leumann's interpretation is the true one. Tib. on Mvy yoṅs su (= pari) byaṅ bar (some- times purification, but also acc. to Das skilled; also used for paricita, °cetar, qq.v.; note that Mironov reads parijita, °jetar for these) byas pa (made, the making), or ḥdris par (acquaintance) bya ba (making, being made). Chin. and Jap. seem to follow Tib.etar for these) byas pa (made, the making), or ḥdris par (acquaintance) bya ba (making, being made). Chin. and Jap. seem to follow Tib.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/paritasyati (9016) + ((paritasyati, paritasyati) <b& … (paritasyati, paritasyati) paritasyati¦ (= paritrasyati, °sati; Pali paritassati, °tasati, which seems to be blended with derivs. of Skt. tṛṣ-; cf. MN i.136.16 (na) paritassati; comm. ii.111.11 ff. glosses, bhaya-paritassanāya taṇhā-paritasanāya vā na paritassati, is not disturbed either by fear (?) of danger or desire(?) for cravings, distinguishing the two nouns pari- tassanā and °tasanā but associating both with the verb paritassati; the forms with -tras- may indicate the true origin, or may be hyper-Skt., association with root tras- being then secondary; cf. Dhātup. tas = upakṣaye, but with var. upakṣepe), is wearied, exhausted, troubled, dis- turbed; cf. AbhidhK. LaV-P. vi.145 note 5 paritasyati, upakṣīyata ity arthaḥ (see s.v. paritāsa): na °syati Mvy 6813 (ed. adds, as variant?, paritrasyati; Mironov °tas° without v.l.; follows parikhedaḥ; forms related to this word occur with other forms mentioned in this article) = Tib. yoṅs su (= pari) mi (= na) (ḥ) chad = decay, cease; so Chin. and Jap.; notkaṇṭhyate (see utkaṇṭhati) na °syati Bbh 193.6; a-paritasyamānaḥ Bbh 218.9. Cf. a-paritasyana(tā), and Wogihara, Lex. 32 ff.; Leumann's theory there cited seems hardly conclusive.;/b>) na °syati Bbh 193.6; a-paritasyamānaḥ Bbh 218.9. Cf. a-paritasyana(tā), and Wogihara, Lex. 32 ff.; Leumann's theory there cited seems hardly conclusive.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/pratisaraṇa (10198) + ((pratisaraRa, pratisaraRa) <b& … (pratisaraRa, pratisaraRa) pratisaraṇa¦, nt., °ṇa-tā (also written °śar° without differentiation of mg.; = Pali paṭi°; see esp. La Vallée Poussin, AbhidhK. ix.246--8, with valuable bibliography; [Page372-b+ 71] Wogihara, Lex. s.v.; n. act. to next, q.v., but influenced, prob. secondarily, in mg. by Skt. śaraṇa = Pali saraṇa), (1) basically, reference, point of reference, ‘point d'appui’ (LaV-P, better than Lévi's ‘ressource-respective’, Sūtrāl. xviii.31), going back to (something), and then also the thing to which the going back occurs; so, basis, point of dependence, support, thus naturally leading to (2) support in the sense of Skt. śaraṇa (MIndic saraṇa), refuge, that on which one relies; often the two mgs. cannot be clearly distinguished; Tib. (b)rten (pa, or ba), see Jä. (keep, hold, adhere to…depend, rely on…be given, addicted, depend on, arise or issue from…support), also rton (pa), to place confidence in, rely on; but sometimes (e.g. on apratiśaraṇa, q.v., LV 189.12) Tib. skyabs, regular equivalent of Skt. śaraṇa, refuge; (1) ‘point d'appui’, four in number: Mvy 1546 artha-pratisaraṇena bhavi- tavyaṃ na vyañjana-pra°, one must refer to, rely on, the real meaning, not the ‘letter’; 1547, dharma-pra°…na pudgala-pra°, the Law as such…not (as, or because, taught by) any person (Bbh 257.4 f.); 1548 jñāna-…na vijñāna-, see these words; 1549 nītārtha-(sūtra)-…na neyārtha- (sūtra-), see these words; same four listed Dharmas 53 (here written °śaraṇa); discussed in some detail Sūtrāl. xviii.31--33, and more clearly Bbh 256.23-- 257.22 (see also LaVP, above); artha-pratisaraṇānāṃ (bodhisattvānāṃ) Laṅk 223.8 (Tib. don la, to meaning, rten pa); (a sinful bodhisattva) vyañjana-pra° ca bhavati nārtha-pra° Bbh 175.16--17; caturbhiḥ pratisaraṇaiḥ (not listed) Bbh 219.9,…tasmād eṣāṃ dharmaḥ saprati- saraṇo bhavati 11 (becomes provided with its points of reference or bases); prob. in this sense, sarvārtha-°ṇa- tvād Bbh 91.20; (śrutaṃ…) artha-pratiśaraṇākāraṃ dharma-pratiśaraṇākāraṃ Śikṣ 191.1; (dharmārthikatā para-)mārthārthapratisaraṇa-tayā KP 156.2; (sarvajñatā- bhimukhānāṃ sarvajñatā-)-pratisaraṇānāṃ Gv 166.24; prob. also sa-pratiśaraṇaḥ (of the Buddha's dharma) Mvy 1301 (Tib. brten ba; cf. Bbh 219.11 above); (bhava- mūlakā…dharmā, states of being,…) bhavaprabhavā… bhava-pratiśaraṇā Mv iii.337.14 and 339.13, founded on existence or on becoming; uncertain whether here or with (2), dharmacaraṇaṃ…dharma-pratiśaraṇa-tāyai saṃ- vartate LV 32.11; (dharmārthikatā, cf. KP 156.2 above) …arthapratiśaraṇa-tāyai saṃvartate LV 33.2; karma- pratiśaraṇa or (Mvy) °sar°, Bhvr., one who or that which has, or recognizes, (past) actions as the base (of what hap- pens to the doer): °ṇam, nt., Mvy 2316 (Tib. brten pa); (sattvān…) karmayonīn karma°ṇān Karmav 30.4; °ṇo bhūtvāvasthitaḥ Divy 427.22 (a monk saw a murderer about to kill him, but perceiving that it was the result of his own past deeds, he made no attempt to escape, but calmly) waited, accepting (past) deeds as the basis (of his fate; here clearly not refuge!); Av ii.86.5 (wrongly em. Speyer); more fully, karmavipākapratiś° Śikṣ 316.16; (bodhicittaṃ…) dharaṇi-bhūtaṃ, sarvaloka-pratiśara- ṇatayā Gv 494.2, cited Śikṣ 6.1, like the earth because it is the basis (support) of all people (Bendall and Rouse refuge, implausibly); similarly (cakravāḍabhūtaṃ) sarva- lokapratisaraṇatayā Gv 494.15 (same passage; note variation between ś and s, not significant); (2) refuge, = Skt. śaraṇa (see above); some of the above cases may belong here; (bodhisattvaḥ…dharmatrāṇo dharma- śaraṇo) dharmapratiśaraṇo…LV 179.14 (but Tib. rten pa, perhaps understood as support, for the Law); °ṇa- bhūtaḥ (of the Tathāgata) 426.6; (bodhisattvānāṃ) sar- vajagat-pratisaraṇa-bhūtānāṃ Gv 99.6; (bodhisattvāḥ) pratiśaraṇa-bhūtā lokasya Gv 219.5; pratiśaraṇāvatāro dharmālokamukhaṃ LV 35.17 (? or to 1); (beggars) ye tasya gṛhaṃ (? read gṛha-) pratiśaraṇa-bhūtā Divy 176.26, who had come to be in a state of having his house as their re- fuge, reliance, i.e. his regular pensioners. of the above cases may belong here; (bodhisattvaḥ…dharmatrāṇo dharma- śaraṇo) dharmapratiśaraṇo…LV 179.14 (but Tib. rten pa, perhaps understood as support, for the Law); °ṇa- bhūtaḥ (of the Tathāgata) 426.6; (bodhisattvānāṃ) sar- vajagat-pratisaraṇa-bhūtānāṃ Gv 99.6; (bodhisattvāḥ) pratiśaraṇa-bhūtā lokasya Gv 219.5; pratiśaraṇāvatāro dharmālokamukhaṃ LV 35.17 (? or to 1); (beggars) ye tasya gṛhaṃ (? read gṛha-) pratiśaraṇa-bhūtā Divy 176.26, who had come to be in a state of having his house as their re- fuge, reliance, i.e. his regular pensioners.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/saurabhya (17348) + ((sOraBya, sOraBya) [saur … (sOraBya, sOraBya) [saurabhya¦, nt., false writing for sauratya, q.v., cf. Wogihara, Lex. 41 f.: with kṣānti, SP 234.8 (mss., ed. em.); LV 37.11; 181.13; 430.11 (ed. em.); Mv ii.354.1 = iii.278.5; ii.362.4; iii.195.12; Divy 39.12; 40.6; Sukh 60.16; Mmk 491.16; not with kṣānti, LV 127.20.]; Divy 39.12; 40.6; Sukh 60.16; Mmk 491.16; not with kṣānti, LV 127.20.])
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/sūrata (17249) + ((sUrata, sUrata) sūrata& … (sUrata, sUrata) sūrata¦, adj. (also surata, q.v., and cf. sauratya; = Pali sūrata, oftener sorata; usually in vss, but sometimes prose, and sometimes where meter does not determine quantity of the ū; the word is no doubt orig. a cpd. of su-and rata, tho in a sense not known to Skt., except both su° and sū° in Skt. Lex.; Leumann's etym., ap. Wogihara, Lex. aus der Bbh., from sūnṛta, whence *sūrṇta, then sūrata, as if proto-IE., is absurd), gentle, mild, frequent as ep. of Buddha: Mvy 2360 = Tib. des pa, defined fine, brave, noble, chaste; this word is the regular Tib. for this and sauratya, but in Śikṣ 196.2 Tib. acc. to note in ed. dul, gentle; SP 46.3; LV 170.22; 178.19; 193.10; RP 10.14; 13.5; 37.17; KP 107.26; Gv 480.6; foll. by sukhasaṃvāsa, q.v., Mv ii.357.12; Dbh 40.7 (prose)..22; 178.19; 193.10; RP 10.14; 13.5; 37.17; KP 107.26; Gv 480.6; foll. by sukhasaṃvāsa, q.v., Mv ii.357.12; Dbh 40.7 (prose).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/saṃgrāha (15580) + ((saMgrAha, saMgrAha) saṃ … (saMgrAha, saMgrAha) saṃgrāha¦ (m.?; the only real Skt. literary occurrences are Mbh. 5.152.17 susaṃgrāhāḥ [so Crit. ed., for vulgate asaṃ°], under good control, of horses; and one passage in Schmidt, Nachtrāge, = Griff am Messer), seizure, over- whelming (and dangerous) grasp (?): LV 374.17 (vs) iha rāgamadana-makaraṃ tṛṣṇormijalaṃ kudṛṣṭi-saṃgrāhaṃ saṃsārasāgaram ahaṃ saṃtīrṇo, I have here crossed the ocean of the saṃsāra, whose sea-monsters are passion and love, whose wave-water is thirst, whose overwhelming grasp is heresy (? both control and attachment seem inappropriate here; I have thought of emending to -saṃgāham, depths, profound abyss, but this is not quotable); neg. a-saṃgrāha, non-grasping, not (wrongly) clinging to, Bbh 44.6, 7 asad- bhūta-samāropāsaṃgrāha-vivarjito bhūtāpavādāsaṃgrā- ha-vivarjitaś (Wogihara, Index, renders by Chinese meaning not wrong holding).rāha, non-grasping, not (wrongly) clinging to, Bbh 44.6, 7 asad- bhūta-samāropāsaṃgrāha-vivarjito bhūtāpavādāsaṃgrā- ha-vivarjitaś (Wogihara, Index, renders by Chinese meaning not wrong holding).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/sahadhārmika (16575) + ((sahaDArmika, sahaDArmika) <b& … (sahaDArmika, sahaDArmika) sahadhārmika¦, adj. (to prec., q.v., plus -ika; = Pali sahadhammika, which in the Dictt. is sometimes assigned this mg., sometimes defined co-religionist, a mg. which need, and prob. should, never be assumed in BHS, nor, I suspect, in Pali), consonant with the (true) Doctrine; m., of a person, one who lives in consonance therewith (the mg. having the same doctrine is given by Wogihara's Chin. renderings in Bbh Index but is never necessary and some- times impossible): °ke dharmaśravaṇe Śikṣ 55.6; °keno (m.c. for °kena) vacanena 194.7 (vs), cf. Pali sahadhammiko vādānuvādo Vin. i.234.19--20, °ke vuccamāne Dhs. 1327; personal, yā ca °kasya darśanenābhipramodanā Bbh 30.11, joy at sight of one who is true to the Doctrine; °kaṃ ca dṛṣṭvā sumanā bhavati 184.26; (bodhisattvo vṛddhatara- kaṃ guṇavantaṃ…) °kaṃ dṛṣṭvā 161.12; °kasya bodhi- sattvasya kṛtapraṇidhānatayā 152.24, because a Bodhi- sattva that is consistent with the doctrine has (must neces- sarily have) made an 'earnest wish’ (vow for enlightenment); in the last the alleged meaning co-religionist is peculiarly impossible, but nevertheless given by Wogihara's Chin. (of the same Doctrine). On the Pali mg. see esp. Mahā- niddesa 485.16 (a gloss on Sn 965) paradhammikā vuccanti satta sahadhammike ṭhapetvā ye keci Buddhe appasannā …(also dhamme, saṃghe), te bhikkhū etc.; note that even the paradhammikā here are monks, but have no faith in the Buddha etc.; in contrast the sahadhammikā (of seven sorts; which seven?) are in accord with the true doctrine.en the paradhammikā here are monks, but have no faith in the Buddha etc.; in contrast the sahadhammikā (of seven sorts; which seven?) are in accord with the true doctrine.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/tathādarśana (6825) + ((taTAdarSana, taTAdarSana) <b& … (taTAdarSana, taTAdarSana) tathādarśana¦, adj. Bhvr. (evidently = evaṃdar- śana, °dṛṣṭi), holding such a view: Mv ii.120.17 (sa) cāhaṃ bhikṣavo tathādarśanato evaṃ va (one ms. omits va) [Page249-a+ 71] samāno yena gayānagaraṃ tad avasāri, and, O monks (realizing the worthlessness of the doctrine of Rāma, taught by his son), from the holder of such a doctrine (viz. from Udraka Rāmaputra), being just as I was, I went off to Gayā-city; in ii.119.6 we should expect a close parallel, in which the Bodhisattva leaves Ārāḍa Kālāma, but the text seems corrupt: sa khalv ahaṃ bhikṣavo tathādar- śanāya (so, or °nāyai, mss.; Senart em. °nāyaiva; required is rather °nato, prob. followed by evaṃ va) samāno, etc. (he goes to Rājagṛha). (Otherwise Senart; ignoring the Bhvr. nature of the cpd. which seems guaranteed by evaṃdarśana, °dṛṣṭi.) Also Mv ii.123.16 (prose) sa khalv ahaṃ…tathādarśanasamāno, I being of this opinion (as just stated in prec.).d by evaṃdarśana, °dṛṣṭi.) Also Mv ii.123.16 (prose) sa khalv ahaṃ…tathādarśanasamāno, I being of this opinion (as just stated in prec.).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/ucchaṅkha-, ucchaṅga-, utsaṅga- (3260) + ((ucCaNKa, ucCaNKa-, ucCaNga-, utsaNga-)< … (ucCaNKa, ucCaNKa-, ucCaNga-, utsaNga-) ucchaṅkha-, ucchaṅga-, utsaṅga-¦, cpd. with -pāda (or -caraṇa), (= Pali ussaṅkha-pāda,) ep. of a mahā- [Page118-b+ 71] puruṣa (esp. Buddha), no. 7 of the 32 lakṣaṇa; orig. form, etym., and mg. obscure; acc. to Pali DN comm. ii.446.28 ff. it means that the soles of the feet can be seen as they walk, because ‘the ankles are fixed high’; if from utsaṅga, having feet characterized by a ‘lap’ (an up-curve under the foot, making the sole visible?). Tib. on Mvy 260 says having the ankle-bone (or, joint of the ankle-bone) not visible (so one Chin. version, and Jap.); but Tib. on Bbh 375.14, cited by Wogihara, having feet not uneven; another Chin. gloss (also cited in Mvy 260, and elsewhere, Burnouf infra) refers the epithet to the knees; Gv 399.24 glosses suvyak- taparamopaśobhitopari-pādacchavikusumagarbhātireka- prabhāsvarā (not very clear or specific). These northern interpretations make the impression of floundering in a morass of ignorance. See Burnouf, Lotus, 573. Forms: utsaṅga-pāda Mvy 260 (but Mironov ucchaṅkha-); LV 106.1; Dharmas 83 (v.l. utsaṅkha-); utsaṅga-caraṇa Bbh 375.14; 378.19; 379.9; 381.10; ucchaṅga-pāda LV 429.13-- 14; ucchaṅkha-pāda, Mironov Mvy (see above); Mv i.226.16; ii.29.19; 304.19 (the mss. clearly intend this all three times! correct Senart's text); Gv 399.24 (note also v.l. utsaṅkha- in Dharmas 83, above). This form ucchaṅkha is closest to the Pali; the very obscurity of its etymology may argue for its originality.n Dharmas 83, above). This form ucchaṅkha is closest to the Pali; the very obscurity of its etymology may argue for its originality.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/uccagghati (3249) + ((uccagGati, uccagGati) u … (uccagGati, uccagGati) uccagghati¦, also °ghayati (= Pali ujjagghati; cf. saṃcagghati; sometimes written °caghati, doubtless by mere error; c for j is surely secondary but unexplained, cf. Pischel 190, 191, and Wogihara, Lex. 41), laughs at, mocks, sneers at, derides; often with forms of ul-lap- (-lāp-), q.v.: SP 382.12 ye te taṃ bodhisattvaṃ… ullāpitavanta uccaghitavantaḥ (WT uccaggh°), who yelled derisively and laughed at that B.; Śikṣ 12.15 uccagghantaḥ prakrāmeyuḥ, would depart sneering (at not receiving promised food); 13.1 devatā uccagghanti vivādayanti (a Bodhisattva who fails in his duty); 49.12 (prose) evaṃ vijṛmbhamāṇā uccagghanto; AsP 232.(12--)13 (te vijṛm- bhamānā) hasanta uccagghayanto likhiṣyanti; 18 paraspa- ram uccagghayamānā (v.l. °yanto) likhiṣyanti; 385.13 anyān…avamaṃsyate uccagghayiṣyati ullāpayiṣyati kut- sayiṣyati paṃsayiṣyati; 388.19.yanto likhiṣyanti; 18 paraspa- ram uccagghayamānā (v.l. °yanto) likhiṣyanti; 385.13 anyān…avamaṃsyate uccagghayiṣyati ullāpayiṣyati kut- sayiṣyati paṃsayiṣyati; 388.19.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/uddhara (3563) + ((udDara, udDara) uddhara … (udDara, udDara) uddhara¦ (m. ? only in comp.; to Skt. ud with hṛ; also an-uddhara-tā below), neglect, ignoring: LV 342.8 (vs) evaṃ hi teṣa bhavate guru-uddharāṇāṃ (so best mss. and ed.), for so it happens to those who ignore (the words of) the Master; RP 37.14 na karmakriyoddhareṇa (bhavitav- yam), one must not ignore, neglect…; an-ud° non-neglect, LV 432.18 -ānuśāsany-anuddhara-, non-neglect of instruc- tion; in LV 440.4 (prose), for ed. anuddhuratayā, read anuddharatayā (anuddhara-tā, abstr.; grāhyavacanatām, sc. pratilapsyate), (he will attain a state of having his words accepted) because (they) will not be ignored, lit. by reason of non-ignored-ness. (Possibly read with some mss. an- uddharaṇa-tayā, which would mean the same.)because (they) will not be ignored, lit. by reason of non-ignored-ness. (Possibly read with some mss. an- uddharaṇa-tayā, which would mean the same.))
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/udghaṭaka (3543) + ((udGawaka, udGawaka) udg … (udGawaka, udGawaka) udghaṭaka¦, m. (see also udghāṭaka, ghaṭaka; twice recorded udghaṭṭaka in mss.), lit. one who opens or reveals, i.e. explains (science or techniques; so Leumann, cited by Wogihara, Lex. 19); in cliché (aṣṭāsu parīkṣāsu, not in 100.5) udghaṭako vācakaḥ paṇḍitaḥ paṭupracāraḥ (…) saṃvṛttaḥ Divy 3.19; 26.14; 58.20; 100.5 (in the last two udghaṭṭakaḥ); same cliché reading ghaṭako for udgh° Divy 442.1; 523.25; and with udghāṭako MSV i.133.3; iii.20.2; he became an expounder, explainer, scholar, one of skillful performance (in the ‘eight testings’ of valuable things).xpounder, explainer, scholar, one of skillful performance (in the ‘eight testings’ of valuable things).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/udghaṭita-jña (3544) + ((udGawitajYa, udGawita-jYa) udghaṭita-jña¦, adj. or subst. m. (= Pali ugghaṭi- taññu; see Wogihara, Lex. 19: ‘das Geöffnete kennend’ = ‘sich auf das Offenliegende d.h. auf eine kurze Dar- stellung verstehend’), understanding (by) a condensed statement, opp. to vipañcitajña, vyanjitajña, qq.v, understanding (by) a full, detailed explanation: udghaṭi- tajñān (so with v.l., for text udghāṭ°) vipañcitajñān LV 400.1 (in a list of creatures, sattvān, of all kinds); same passage Mv iii.318.3 (read as in LV, or possibly °jñā for °jñān, but accs. pl.); Mvy 2384 °jñāḥ (Mironov udghaṭṭita°), [Page130-a+ 71] 2385 vipañcitajñāḥ (Tib. on 2384 mgo smos pas go pa, understanding by mention of chief points); AsP 243.19 nodghaṭitajño (so two mss.; text °ghaṭṭ°) vā na vā vipañ- citajño 'nabhijño vā bhaviṣyati; Bbh 295.15 vyañjitajñaḥ (q.v.) udghaṭitajñaḥ; implies high intellectual capacity, Mv iii.382.15 nipuṇo medhāvī udghaṭitajño (so read) tīkṣṇa- buddhiko; other passages Mv iii.270.9; SP 473.7 (here most mss. udghā°).l capacity, Mv iii.382.15 nipuṇo medhāvī udghaṭitajño (so read) tīkṣṇa- buddhiko; other passages Mv iii.270.9; SP 473.7 (here most mss. udghā°).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/ujjaṅkikā (3291) + ((ujjaNkikA, ujjaNkikA) u … (ujjaNkikA, ujjaNkikA) ujjaṅkikā¦, some kind of attitude or behavior which monks must avoid in begging food: Mvy 8546 nojjaṅki- kayā (instr.). Tib. ḥjol thabs su (? perhaps with robe dragging, sc. on the ground?); Chin. (here) apparently pulling at clothes while walking; elsewhere, acc. to Wogihara, Lex. 41, Chin. walking on tiptoe, and so Jap. on Mvy. The pw 7.322 says the ‘correct’ reading would be ujjakṣikā, and Wogihara, Lex. 41, suggests that the corresponding Pali is ujjhaggikā (or rather, by em. ujjagghikā), Vin. iv.187.16, which means laughing, derision, see uccagghati; this seems indeed quite possible.. iv.187.16, which means laughing, derision, see uccagghati; this seems indeed quite possible.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/upaniṣad (3717) + ((upanizad, upanizad) upa … (upanizad, upanizad) upaniṣad¦, f., upaniṣā, also written °śā, °sā, °sad (= Pali upanisā, in mgs. 1 and 2; on relation to Skt. upaniṣad see Schayer, RO 3.57 (1926), magic correspon- dence; Renou, in C. Kunhan Raja Presentation Volume, orig. connexion, from upa-ni-sad- approcher…être ou mettre en regard, confronter), (1) cause, basis: AbhidhK ii.106 duḥkhopaniṣac chraddhā, la foi nait de la souffrance (LaV-P.); ii.245 hetu, pratyaya, nidāna, kāraṇa, nimitta, liṅga, upaniṣad are synonyms (Vyākhyā); ib. Index, referring to v.40, mokṣadharmopaniṣad ucchedaḥ; Sūtrāl. xi.9 (base causale, Lévi); Bbh 2.26 (ādhāra ity ucyate,) upastambho hetur niśraya upaniṣat pūrvaṃgamo nilaya (cf. the synonym-list above, AbhidhK. Vy.) ity ucyate; Ud xiii.5 anyā hi lābhopaniṣad anyā nirvāṇagāminī, for the cause (basis) of gain is one thing, that which leads to nirvāṇa is another (same vs in Dhp. 75, with lābhūpanisā); see also under (3) below, and s.v. candropaniṣad; (2) like- ness, comparison (so Pāṇ.1.4.79), chiefly in a frequent cliché, found SP 333.7; 349.3; Mvy 5087; RP 59.16; KP 159.17; Sukh 31.9; Vaj 35.10; 42.7; Gv 542.3; AsP 72.4; 98.11; Śikṣ 187.1; 312.12, 21; Dbh 66.26; Bbh 104.9; 236.22; usually a long formula, ending kalām api gaṇanām apy upamām apy upaniṣadam (or °ṣām, etc.) api na kṣamate (or, nopaiti); sometimes abbreviated by yāvad (e.g. Vaj 42.7; Śikṣ, all 3 times) or vistareṇa yāvad (Bbh 236.22) or without any such phrase indicating abbreviation (e.g. Bbh 104.9); on the other hand, additional terms may be added, esp. at the end (before na…), as dhṛtipadam (q.v.) api RP, aupamyam api Vaj 35.10; AsP (both times but before upani°); Dbh. The forms of our word, besides the regular upaniṣadam, are: upaniṣām SP 333.7 (ed., but most mss. °ṣadam; one °sām api °ṣadam api); RP; KP; °sām AsP both times, and see SP 333.7 above; °śām Sukh; Gv; Dbh; in AsP (both times), as in one ms. of SP 333.7 (above), the item is duplicated, reading upaniśām apy upaniṣadam (72.4 °sadam) api; for the verb, na kṣamate (or pl. °nte) and nopaiti are equally common, while Sukh has the isolated na gaṇito bhavet. Tib. (on Mvy, and acc. to Bendall on Śikṣ 187.1) renders upaniṣad in this passage by rgyu, cause, but this clearly makes no sense. A sort of modulation of this cliché, with nom. sg. forms, in SP 299.13 na teṣāṃ saṃkhyā vā gaṇanā vopamā vopaniṣad vopalabhyate; also Dbh 66.8 (yeṣāṃ saṃkhyā nāsti) gaṇanā pramāṇam upaniṣad aupamyaṃ nāsti. [(3) acc. to Wogihāra, ZDMG 58.454, and Index to Bbh s.v., where [Page138-b+ 71] Dharmarakṣa is cited as authority, the word also means step, degree (Grad, Stufe), and W. finds this mg. in Bbh 144.21 f. This passage reads (18--23) tasyaibhir daśabhir ākāraiḥ kuśaladharmasaṃgrāhakaśīlavyavasthitasya kṣi- pram eva kuśalasaṃgraho bhavati, sarvākārasaṃgrahaś ca: yad uta, dānopaniṣadā śīlopaniṣadā kṣāntyupaniṣadā vīryopaniṣadā dhyānopaniṣadā pañcākārayā ca prajñayā. Clearly the 10 ākāra = the 10 pāramitā (Mvy 913 ff.), the last five being ‘forms’ of prajñā. But I doubt that upaniṣad here means degree, step, or stage; rather as in 1 above, by the cause of dāna etc., on the basis of…, by means of… (4) In Divy 530.21 for (tayā) svopanisad (uktā) read prob. svā pariṣad, her retinue, with note.]he last five being ‘forms’ of prajñā. But I doubt that upaniṣad here means degree, step, or stage; rather as in 1 above, by the cause of dāna etc., on the basis of…, by means of… (4) In Divy 530.21 for (tayā) svopanisad (uktā) read prob. svā pariṣad, her retinue, with note.])
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/uṭṭaṅkikā (3300) + ((uwwaNkikA, uwwaNkikA) u … (uwwaNkikA, uwwaNkikA) uṭṭaṅkikā¦, some kind of attitude or behavior which monks must avoid in begging food: Mvy 8545 noṭṭaṅkikayā (instr.). Tib. braṅ bas (? braṅ breast; also dwelling); Chin. (here), perhaps walking with the palm of the foot (? or, with hands touching the feet?); acc. to Wogihara, Lex. 41, another Chin. renders limping (das Hinken); Jap. squatting (at the entrance of a house).. 41, another Chin. renders limping (das Hinken); Jap. squatting (at the entrance of a house).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vaināśika (14521) + ((vEnASika, vEnASika) vai … (vEnASika, vEnASika) vaināśika¦, adj. or subst. m. (so in Skt., there applied only to Buddhists), one who believes in cessation of existence, in destruction (of entities): °ko yadāgatvā brūyād yady asti deśyatām Laṅk 360.1 (vs), when a destructionist shall come and say, If it exists, show it! This doctrine is reprobated in Laṅk (Suzuki misunderstands the term); katamo 'tra…°ko bhavati Laṅk 145.16; repeatedly in the sequel, e.g. buddhaśrāvakapratyekabuddha-°ko 146.3, 7, one who believes in the cessation of existence of…; (nāstyastitvā- bhimāniko) hi…°ko bhavati 146.14; (kalpākṣararahitāni prativikalpayan punar api) °ko bhavati 147.2.ce of…; (nāstyastitvā- bhimāniko) hi…°ko bhavati 146.14; (kalpākṣararahitāni prativikalpayan punar api) °ko bhavati 147.2.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/Vastusaṃgrahaṇī (13455) + ((vastusaMgrahaRI, vastusaMgrahaRI) Vastusaṃgrahaṇī¦, n. of a work, the last division of the Yogācārabhūmi (so Wogihara's note to both pas- sages): Bbh 103.11; 182.15.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vi(c)chandanā (13724) + ((viCandanA, vi(c)CandanA) <b&g … (viCandanA, vi(c)CandanA) vi(c)chandanā¦ (to next, n. act.; Wogihara gives °na, but without convincing evidence), dissuasion, determent: mahāyānaprasthitānāṃ ca sattvānā(ṃ) °nā KP 118.3; vicchandanāyāpi (read °nā yāpi) ca buddhayānaṃ (read °nād, abl.? so Tib., -las) id. 6 (vs), referring to 3 above, must surely mean and dissuasion from the Buddha-vehicle; °danayā (so read with v.l. for text °danatayā) ca striyaḥ strībhāvābhiratānāṃ ca strībhāvāt Bbh 29.21; tatparasya °danārthaṃ 173.13; duṣkaracaryādhimuktānāṃ sattvānāṃ vicchandanārthaṃ 271.13 (misprinted).thaṃ 173.13; duṣkaracaryādhimuktānāṃ sattvānāṃ vicchandanārthaṃ 271.13 (misprinted).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vi(c)chandayati (13725) + ((viCandayati, vi(c)Candayati) < … (viCandayati, vi(c)Candayati) vi(c)chandayati¦, for which forms of vi-chind- occur [Page484-b+ 71] in mss., cf. also vicchindika and prec.; see Wogihara, Lex. (mss. vary in Bbh between a and i); in Pali (kāya-)- vicchinda occurs as title of Jāt. 293, surely meaning aversion from the body, not cutting off of…; in Pv. comm. 129.26 atidānato vicchinditukāmo clearly means wanting to dissuade from over-generosity, = BHS vi-chand-; Pali (kāya-)vicchandaniya(-kathā) and (kāya-)vicchandanika- (-sutta) cannot be separated from (kāya-)vicchinda, above; in Divy 590.24 even the v.l. vicchedayām āsuḥ occurs for vicchandayām āsuḥ. It is clear that Pali and BHS both show what must, therefore, be a very old confusion between chand- and -chi(n)d- here. As Kern (cited PTSD s.v. vicchinda), Wogihara, and some others have seen, the orig. form was surely vicchandayati; the forms with chi(n)d- are due to popular etym. (in some occurrences the word means something close to cuts off). The funda- mental mg. is makes undersirous (denom., vi plus chanda); so Tib. mos pa zlog pa on Mvy, ḥdun pa zlog on KP, both mg. desire-deterring, desire-dissuading, but on LV simply zlog par byed pa, dissuasion-(deterring-)making: °dayati Mvy 6527, foll. by vicakṣuḥ-karaṇāya; bhūyo- bhūyaḥ sa māṃ °dayati, bhadramukhāniṣṭo 'sya karmaṇo phalavipākaḥ Divy 10.6, similarly 11.24, dissuades; °dayām āsuḥ (v.l. see above) 590.24; (Māraḥ…) bodhisattvaṃ …evaṃ °dayiṣyati AsP 331.16, will (try to) dissuade; (iha…bodhisattvasya…pāpamitraṃ, yaḥ prajñāpāra- mitāyāṃ) carantaṃ virecayati (q.v.) vichandayati ŚsP 1185.19, modulated in the sequel (the means of dissuasion are given 1186.1 ff.; they consist of attacks on the dog- matic interpretation of Buddhism accepted in this school); (devaputrāḥ…Māraṃ…) vicchandayanti LV 333.20 and 335.10 (prose), dissuade, discourage Māra (by pre- dicting his defeat); °dayati vikṣipati KP 1.6; when the thing dissuaded from is expressed it is regularly abl., dānād vicchandayan Jm 24.7; (saṃgrahavastubhyo) vic- chandya Śikṣ 50.12; adattādānād °dayati Gv 155.15; vichandya (v.l. vichindya) with ablatives Bbh 16.2 ff., so also °dayet 27.12; °dayati (v.l. °chind°) 262.13; but once apparently acc., (yasmāt tvaṃ bhikṣucaraṇapranā- maṃ) māṃ °dayitum icchasi Divy 383.6, since you wish to dissuade me (against, from) bowing at the feet of monks (or is this acc. a Bhvr. adj., me characterized by bowing etc. ?).aṇapranā- maṃ) māṃ °dayitum icchasi Divy 383.6, since you wish to dissuade me (against, from) bowing at the feet of monks (or is this acc. a Bhvr. adj., me characterized by bowing etc. ?).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vibandha (13999) + ((vibanDa, vibanDa) viban … (vibanDa, vibanDa) vibandha¦, m., and vipratibandha, m. (= Pali vibandha, Pv. comm. 207.16, obstacle, not fetter with PTSD), hindrance, obstacle, obstruction (wrongly defined by Wogihara, Lex. 37; correctly LaV-P. on AbhidhK. vi.300, vibandha = obstacle); the two words have been noted (except as just stated) only in Bbh and are used there interchangeably: (129.16) bodhisattvaḥ dāna-vibandham api dāna-vibandha-pratipakṣam api (what is an obstacle to giving, and what counteracts that obstacle) yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti.(18) tatra catvāro dāna-vibandhāḥ (v.l. °viprati- bandhāḥ; they are described in detail)…(130.2) dāna- vipratibandha-pratipakṣaṃ niśṛtya (taking recourse to that which counteracts the obstacle…)…dadāti…(130.6) vighāta-kṛtaṃ dāna-vipratibandha-hetuṃ…(131.6) ca- turvidhasya dāna-vibandhasya caturvidhaṃ dāna-vipra- tibandha-pratipakṣa-jñānaṃ veditavyaṃ…(131.23) dāna- vipratibandha-pratipakṣa-jñānam upādāya; again, one of the 6 upāya (q.v.) of a bodhisattva is the vibandha- sthāyin (upāya), that acts as a block (misunderstood by Wogihara l.c.), Bbh 264.8, discussed 267.3 katamo bodhi- sattvasya vibandha-sthāyī (v.l. °stha) upāyaḥ? iha bodhi- sattvaḥ…(5) sattvānāṃ vipratibandhenāvatiṣṭhate (is in the position of a block, hindrance, to the natural, worldly behavior of creatures); the text then explains how the Bodhisattva bribes creatures to abandon their natural immorality and live morally by promising them the worldly enjoyments they crave, on that condition; in this passage vipratibandha is constantly used, 267.5, 14, 19, 24; 268.3, 6; but at the end, 268.11, vibandha-sthāyī (or rather in mss. °stha) upāyaḥ is used again, and in 268.9, just above, evaṃ vibandha-sthitasya bodhisattvasya; once more, Bbh 388.6 (aprāpteṣu caiṣu, sc. dhyānādiṣu, cf. lines 3--4) prāptaye vibandha-saṃkleśaḥ, the (sort of) impurity (one of two kinds) that, when they have not been attained, consists in an obstacle to their attainment. sc. dhyānādiṣu, cf. lines 3--4) prāptaye vibandha-saṃkleśaḥ, the (sort of) impurity (one of two kinds) that, when they have not been attained, consists in an obstacle to their attainment.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vi-cañcita (13692) + ((vicaYcita, vi-caYcita) … (vicaYcita, vi-caYcita) vi-cañcita¦, ppp. (Skt. cañc-, otherwise not recorded with vi-), tremulous: pakṣmānta-°tāśrur Buddhac. i.61, Johnston. Cowell (i.66) reads virañcita; Leumann's spec- ulations reported in Wogihara, Lex. 37, are now seen to be baseless.ec- ulations reported in Wogihara, Lex. 37, are now seen to be baseless.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vivartanī (14191) + ((vivartanI, vivartanI) vivartanī¦ (to vivartati, 2), evolution, development, opp. saṃvartanī (1) q.v.: AbhidhK. (vyākhyā) LaV-P. iii.181 note 3 (bhājana- and sattva-vi°), see Wogihara, Lex. 38.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/vyāseka (14719) + ((vyAseka, vyAseka) ? vyā … (vyAseka, vyAseka) ? vyāseka¦, m. (cf. Pali vyāsiñcati, avyāseka), should mean pollution, defilement, which seems reasonably appro- [Page519-a+ 71] priate in the context: Mvy 7540. But Tib. ḥphyar ba, hang up, elevate (also sift, winnow, and show, represent); Chin. hang; Jap. merely translates Tib. and speculates etymologically, and futilely, ignoring the Pali. Cf. AbhidhK. LaV-P. vi.289 bahuvidhaviṣaya-vyāseka-visārin (of bud- dhi), qui se dispersent naturellement, distraites par la variété des objets (it is not clear to me how LaV-P. took vyāseka). se dispersent naturellement, distraites par la variété des objets (it is not clear to me how LaV-P. took vyāseka).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/Yogācārabhūmi (12509) + ((yogAcAraBUmi, yogAcAraBUmi) Yogācārabhūmi¦ (see yogācāra 1), n. of the work of which Bbh is a part: Wogihara, Preface to Bbh, page i.)

Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/-khadā (5451) + ((KadA, -KadA) -khadā< … (KadA, -KadA) -khadā¦, pit; see agnikhadā; also aṅgārakhadā, pit of coals, Av i.221.8 eṣāṅgārakhadā mahābhayakarī. See Wogihara, Lex. 26, where however it is said that the Buddhists use khadā only in agnikhadā (ignoring the above).ex. 26, where however it is said that the Buddhists use khadā only in agnikhadā (ignoring the above).)

Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/bhājana, (1) (11204) + ((BAjana, BAjana) bhājana … (BAjana, BAjana) bhājana, (1)¦ as m. (otherwise nt.), pot: bhavanti bhājanās (ed. em. °nā; Kashgar rec. varies) tasya SP 138.6 (vs); dhāret’ ime (sc. bhājana; acc. pl.) cetiya saṃmataite (n. pl., ete; Lefm. °tīte, see Crit. App.) LV 383.12 (vs); (2) inanimate object, as dist. from sattva, living being: °na-loka Sūtrāl. iv.15--20, comm. (Lévi, n. 4); AbhidhK. LaV--P. iii.138; °na-vivartanī and -saṃvartanī (qq.v.) ibid. iii.181 n. 3, cf. Wogihara, Lex. 38. Prob. so understand sarva-sattva-bhājana- (text °nā-)-loka-vyavacāreṣu Gv 180.8, in wanderings (or searchings) through the world(s) of all living beings and inanimate objects.Gv 180.8, in wanderings (or searchings) through the world(s) of all living beings and inanimate objects.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/dhūmakālika (7948) + ((DUmakAlika, DUmakAlika) … (DUmakAlika, DUmakAlika) dhūmakālika¦ (Pali id., see below; from Pali °kāla, death, destruction, Jāt. iii.422.14, plus -ika), subject to destruction; destroyed, lost: (17--18 tīrthikā…krāyur, so mss. for Senart kreyur, apratimaśāsana-doṣaṃ) dhūmakāli- kam iti śramaṇasya, etad eva ca tu rakṣaṇīyatā (so with most mss.) Mv i.69.19--20 (vs), the heretics may do harm (or, cause enmity) to the matchless doctrine of the Monk (Buddha), saying that (iti) it is perishable (is now going to be destroyed); but this very thing is a state that we must guard against (Senart quite differently, ignoring iti); saṃ- gātavyam imaṃ vācyaṃ mā haiva (text °vaṃ) dhūmakā- likaṃ Mmk 600.10 (vs), this text must be recited in unison, lest it be destroyed (lost); °ka-tā, abstr., (mā haiva prava- canaṃ kṛtsnaṃ…) dhūmakālikatāṃ vrajet Mmk 596.25 (vs), lest the whole Gospel become destroyed (lost). This, I believe, is the mg. of the Pali word too; both the Pali comm. and modern interpreters misunderstand it. In Vin. ii.288.20 (bhavissanti vattāro:) dhūmakālikaṃ samaṇena Gotamena sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, (if we do not preserve the Gospel, people will say:) a perishable set of religious teachings was taught by the monk G. to his disciples, or in other words, these teachings are perishing, or will perish. In Vin. ii.172.15, the only other passage recorded, dhūmakālikaṃ pi pariyositaṃ vihāraṃ navakam- maṃ denti, or they give as new work (the reparation of) a completed monastery that has proved perishable, that has [Page286-b+ 71] fallen into ruin, or begun to. The adj. dhūmakālika cannot mean, as is supposed, lasting to (the monk's) funeral, for then it would be synonymous with yāvajīvikaṃ, just before it, in line 15; the time expressions vīsativassikaṃ, tiṃsavassikaṃ, yāvajīvikaṃ, lines 14--15, all forbidden, contrast with lines 26--29 where jobs lasting from 5 or 6 to 10 or 12 years are permitted, but only upon an akataṃ or a vippakataṃ vihāraṃ; it is these latter expressions, in line 25, which contrast with the (forbidden) work on a dhūmakālikaṃ pariyositaṃ vihāraṃ. It seems that this derivative of (Pali) dhūmakāla came to be used figuratively in a way fairly remote from its original and literal mg., like English to go up in smoke = to be destroyed, completely lost.ressions, in line 25, which contrast with the (forbidden) work on a dhūmakālikaṃ pariyositaṃ vihāraṃ. It seems that this derivative of (Pali) dhūmakāla came to be used figuratively in a way fairly remote from its original and literal mg., like English to go up in smoke = to be destroyed, completely lost.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/dhandha (7679) + ((DanDa, DanDa) dhandha&l … (DanDa, DanDa) dhandha¦ (= Pali dandha; see also adhandha), slow, weak, dull: cf. Wogihara, Bbh. Lex. 28; opp. to kṣipra, Pali khippa. In Śikṣ (see note p. 395) and Divy always recorded as dhanva; as to AsP, see next two: dhandhā- bhijña Mvy 1245, 1246; Bbh 322.26; dhandham, adv., slowly Bbh 175.12 f.; other forms and cpds. Bbh 176.6, 19 f.; 193.5; 218.9; 322.26; Śikṣ 7.9; 51.6; Divy 488.27; 489.20; 490.7 f., 20; 492.21; 504.17.. Bbh 176.6, 19 f.; 193.5; 218.9; 322.26; Śikṣ 7.9; 51.6; Divy 488.27; 489.20; 490.7 f., 20; 492.21; 504.17.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/dhandhaka = dhandha (7680) + ((DanDaka, DanDaka = DanDa) <b& … (DanDaka, DanDaka = DanDa) dhandhaka = dhandha¦, slow; difficult, hardly to be expected: AsP 238.13 dhandhako (text corruptly dvan- dhako) hy anyeṣu (sc. hīnayāna-) sūtrānteṣu bodhisat- tvasamudāgamaḥ (Wogihara Bbh. Lex. 28 unerfahren, not happily).eṣu bodhisat- tvasamudāgamaḥ (Wogihara Bbh. Lex. 28 unerfahren, not happily).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/īryā-patha (3209) + ((IryApaTa, IryA-paTa) īr … (IryApaTa, IryA-paTa) īryā-patha¦, m. (= Pali iriyā-patha, AMg. iriyā- vaha; in mss., esp. of Mv and LV, often written iryā° or iryyā°, semi-MIndic, which Lefm. usually keeps but Senart emends to īryā°; once, at least, iriyā-patha, as in Pali, Mv ii.157.1, prose, kept by Senart; also airyāpatha, q.v.; see prec. and next), much commoner than the syn- onymous īryā, (1) movement (of physical movements of any sort): Mv i.22.11 (prose) chinna-iryāpathā (all mss., Sen. em. °īryā°) gacchanti (mss. gacchati), sinners in hell, confined in huts (gharakehi oruddhā), go with (freedom of) movement cut off, i.e. suffer restraint of movement (but possibly more specifically, suffer restraint of posture, see 4 below, e.g. are not allowed to sit or lie down); (2) ap- plied to any particular course of religious, esp. ascetic, performance, and specifically to disapproved ascetic practices of heretics, such as the ‘five-fire’ practice (men- tioned in the prec.): Divy 350.7 (sa) teṣāṃ-teṣām (of heretical ascetics) īryāpathān vikopayitum ārabdhaḥ; (3) generally less specific, behavior, deportment, good or bad, of people in general; but esp. of the approved deport- ment of pious Buddhists, of monks, or of Bodhisattvas or Buddhas; most commonly with favorable implication; but this may be made clear by an adjective, esp. prā- sādika, gracious, (religiously) attractive: Mv iii.27.3--4 prāsādikena īryāpathena (v.l. iryyā°), of a Pratyeka- buddha; in Śikṣ 348.6 prāsādika and aprāsādika īryā°, good and bad deportment, contrasted; Divy 82.14 śān- [Page116-1b+ 46] teneryāpathena, of Mahākāśyapa; LV 427.18 praśānteryā- pathaḥ, and 19 sarveryāpathacaryāviśeṣasamanvāgataḥ, attended by all excellent deportment and behavior, of the Tathāgata; creatures in general vary in deportment, LV 35.8 yathādhimukta-sattveryāpatha- (v.l. cited °iryyā°)- saṃdarśanāya; Gv 527.3--4 sarvasattvādhimuktisamair īryāpathaiḥ; specifically good deportment, SP 282.3 (vs) °pathaṃ yo mama rakṣamāṇo bhaveta bhikṣū…; LV 29.4 (vs) iryāpathe-ṣṭhā, abiding in…; 179.17 (bodhi- sattvo…sarvāntaḥpurasya…) īryāpatham upadarśya, having displayed proper behavior to all the harem (so Tib.); 220.6 īryāpathebhyaś (most mss. iry°) cyutāḥ, fallen away from right behavior; Dbh 71.19 tathāgateryāpathacaryā- cāritrānugato; Mv ii.157.1 (prose) iriyāpathasaṃpanno, perfect in deportment, of a monk; 390.8 (vs) īryāpathena su-upeta (with mss.) satvā, (there are no evil-doers here;) creatures are well endowed with proper deportment; Av ii.130.4 (corrupt); Mv i.174.11 (vs) īryāpathe (3 mss. iry°) ca vīrye ca dhyāne jñāne śame dame; iii.346.6 iryāpathe (so mss.) ca vīrye ca dhyāne jñāne tathaiva ca; often it is said that a newly-initiated person (of superior character) shows the īryāpatha, deportment, of a monk of long standing, LV 409.19--20 tad yathāpi nāma varṣaśatopapannasya bhikṣor īryāpathaḥ saṃvṛtto 'bhūt; Mv iii.65.5 iryāpatho (Senart em. īry°) sānaṃ saṃsthihe sayyathāpi nāma varṣaśatopasaṃpannānāṃ bhikṣūṇāṃ; similarly Mv ii.234.5; iii.92.10 (iryā instead of iryāpatho); 180.15; 181.7; 329.12; 413.13; Divy 37.3 (varṣaśatopasaṃpan- nasya) bhikṣor īryāpathenāvasthitaḥ; Av i.284.9 (dvādaśa- varṣopasaṃpannasyeva) bhikṣor īryāpathena…avasthi- taḥ; (4) as in Pali iriyāpatha, also used of four postures or bodily attitudes, that is modes of physical behavior, viz. walking, standing, sitting, and lying down: Mvy 212 vihāyasābhyudgamya caturvidham īryāpathaṃ kalpayati, mounting in the air, displays the four… (one of the abhijñā- karmāṇi); Mv i.168.10 (vs) īryāpathāṃ (3 mss. iry°) darśayanti catvāraḥ puruṣottamāḥ, no ca pariśramas teṣāṃ…, Buddhas display the four modes of behavior (like other men), and yet they are never weary (i.e. do not need to sit or lie down); AsP 520.12 dvābhyām everyā- pathābhyāṃ sthitvā, sthānena caṅkrameṇa ca (only standing and walking; he vows not to sit or lie down) kālam atināmayeyaṃ, repeated (var.) 521.6, which is cited Śikṣ 40.5 dvābhyām everyāpathābhyāṃ…; Gv 22.20 ff., īryāpatha repeatedly of physical movements (walking, standing, and sitting, line 22) of ordinary (not [Page117-a+ 33] religious) men; LV 9.8 caturīryāpatha-vinayanopavana- (so read, text °naupavana-)-suvardhita-taror (Tib. lus, body, for -taror, implying -tanor), (of the Bodhisattva) who possessed a ‘tree’ (body?) well-raised in the grove of (by?) exercise of the four modes of behavior; LV 256.18 (ṣaḍvarṣā bodhisattvo yathā niṣaṇṇa evāsthāt paryaṅkena) na ca īryāpathāc (all mss. ca iry° or cery°) cyavate sma, and did not abandon the posture (of sitting cross-legged); Mv i.236.14 (here mss. iry°) = 241.8 (vs) īryāpathaṃ… sarvābhibhuno (mss. °to) na vijahante (i.e. they walk and stand still when he does, see prec. line); only three, tribhir īryāpathair…sthānena caṅkrameṇa niṣadyayā RP 45.18.y?) exercise of the four modes of behavior; LV 256.18 (ṣaḍvarṣā bodhisattvo yathā niṣaṇṇa evāsthāt paryaṅkena) na ca īryāpathāc (all mss. ca iry° or cery°) cyavate sma, and did not abandon the posture (of sitting cross-legged); Mv i.236.14 (here mss. iry°) = 241.8 (vs) īryāpathaṃ… sarvābhibhuno (mss. °to) na vijahante (i.e. they walk and stand still when he does, see prec. line); only three, tribhir īryāpathair…sthānena caṅkrameṇa niṣadyayā RP 45.18.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/śīlavrata (15074) + ((SIlavrata, SIlavrata) ś … (SIlavrata, SIlavrata) śīlavrata¦, nt.; °ta-parāmarśa, m. (= Pali sīla- bbata-parāmāsa), (attachment to) practices and observances (other than those approved by Buddhists), or attachment to good works (alone, as means of salvation); one of the five dṛṣṭi is this °parāmarśa: Dharmas 68, Mvy 1959; paraphrased ahetv-amārga-taddṛṣṭi AbhidhK. LaV-P. v.15, and explained 18 (see also Childers s.v.); in Mv i.292.3 (vs) śīlavrata alone = °ta-parāmarśa: (satkā- yadṛṣṭī-vicikitsitaṃ, mss. °tā, ca) śīlavrataṃ (mss. śīlaṃ vrataṃ) cāpi yad asti kiṃcit (are got rid of); these three, [Page530-a+ 71] satkāyadṛṣṭir vicikitsā śīlavrataparāmarśaś ca Laṅk 117.15, constitute the three first saṃyojanāni, q.v.; śīla° is explained in Laṅk 119.2 ff. Elsewhere śīlavrata may be used in the ordinary good sense, as in Skt. and Pali. saṃyojanāni, q.v.; śīla° is explained in Laṅk 119.2 ff. Elsewhere śīlavrata may be used in the ordinary good sense, as in Skt. and Pali.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/-śakaṭikā (14755) + ((SakawikA, -SakawikA) -ś … (SakawikA, -SakawikA) -śakaṭikā¦ (lit. little cart), in aṅgāra-sthāpana-°kā, a (prob. movable) vessel for holding coals, for cooking: Mvy 9010 = Tib. (g)zhugs (fire) gliṅ (?); Das records zhugs liṅ = śakaṭikā, aṅgārasthāpana (so!), burning embers./i>) gliṅ (?); Das records zhugs liṅ = śakaṭikā, aṅgārasthāpana (so!), burning embers.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/śikṣāpada (14991) + ((SikzApada, SikzApada) ś … (SikzApada, SikzApada) śikṣāpada¦, nt. (Skt. in Harṣac.; = Pali sikkhāpada, see also śiṣyā°), moral commandment; as in Pali, there are five incumbent on all Buddhists, referred to as binding on an upāsaka and listed Mv iii.268.10--13, in the form of promises made, yāvajjīvaṃ prāṇātipātāt (adattādānāt, kāmehi mithyācārāt, mṛṣāvādāt, surāmaireyamadyapra- mādasthānāt) prativiramiṣyaṃ; the second five bind only monks, śrāmaṇerasya śikṣāpadaṃ iii.268.16--17, here not listed but referred to, yāvaj (this means that the first four are understood) jātarūparajatapratigrahaṇa-śikṣāpa- daṃ dhārayāmi 17; the first eight are listed Mvy 8693-- 8700 in the form of cpds. in -viratiḥ (6--8 being gandhamā- lyavilepanavarṇaka-[rouge etc.]-dhāraṇa-v°, uccaśayana- mahāśayana-v°, vikālabhojana-v°); here omitted is nṛtya- gītavāditā, which is separate in the Pali list but grouped with gandhamālyavilepana in AbhidhK. LaV-P. iv.47, altho this text proceeds to point out that the standard number ten is made up by separating these two (and adding the prohibition against gold etc., which curiously, in AbhidhK. as in Mvy, is left out of the formal list of eight); the order of the second group of five varies slightly in different lists; pañca śi° Mv i.211.14 = ii.15.13 (observed by the Bodhisattva's mother while carrying him); i.321.18; in Śikṣ 174.1 ff., besides the ‘five’ and ‘ten’ śi°, are men- tioned larger numbers, ye ca bodhisattvasaṃvaraṃ catur- thaṃ śataṃ (Tib. acc. to note 400) śikṣāpadānāṃ dhāra- yanti, ye punar abhiniṣkrāntagṛhāvāsā bhikṣavaḥ (250 śi°)…dhārayanti, and 500 which nuns keep; no number, Mv iii.52.2; 265.14 (buddhaprajñapti-śi°): Divy 51.8; 549.6.dhārayanti, and 500 which nuns keep; no number, Mv iii.52.2; 265.14 (buddhaprajñapti-śi°): Divy 51.8; 549.6.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/abhyupekṣya (1768) + ((aByupekzya, aByupekzya) (abhyupekṣya¦, ger. [of °kṣati, once in Skt. °kṣitavān Mbh 16.160 = 16.6.13, same mg. as here], ignoring, over- looking, putting up with (cf. upekṣā): Divy 168.24.))
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/aghaniṣṭha (148) + ((aGanizWa, aGanizWa) agh … (aGanizWa, aGanizWa) aghaniṣṭha¦, doubtless understood as sky-based (see agha, 1), a class of gods: Mvy 3107, where it follows akaniṣṭha, of which it is surely nothing but a folk-ety- mological distortion. So Wogihara, Lex. It occurs in no other of my texts unless in Bbh; Wogihara reads so in 62.6 and 68.5; actually it is read only in the latter place by one of the two mss. (which reads aniṣṭha in the former place), while the other ms. reads akaniṣṭha both times. Wogihara's suggested interpretation, and those he quotes from Yaśomitra and Chin., seem to me fantastic and worthless. Cf. lokaniṣṭha.e he quotes from Yaśomitra and Chin., seem to me fantastic and worthless. Cf. lokaniṣṭha.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/aṅgārin (164) + ((aNgArin, aNgArin) aṅgārin¦ (= Pali id.), (apparently) red (like coals, aṅgāra); only in the verse Therag. 527 = Jāt. i.87.1 = Mv iii.93.10 aṅgāriṇo, of trees (in the Pali; in Mv hopelessly corrupt, the noun being omitted).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/Agnighaṭa (109) + ((agniGawa, agniGawa) Agnighaṭa¦, n. of a hell: Kv 18.13 (misprinted °vaṭa); 98.2; pl. Kv 66.17. Not likely to be a MIndic corruption of agnikhadā (altho this is associated with hells in Kv), which occurs Kv 98.5 just after agnighaṭa.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/a-paritasyana (1302) + ((aparitasyana, a-paritasyana) < … (aparitasyana, a-paritasyana) a-paritasyana¦ (or °nā), °na-tā (= prec.; neg. of n. act. to paritasyati, q.v. with discussion and references; cf. Pali aparitassana, °nā), non-exhaustion, lack of discoura- gement, not being wearied or troubled in spirit: aparita- syanābhimukhenākhedacittotpādena (so ms., ed. em. aparitrasya°) Śikṣ 25.7, not turned towards weariness (note a-kheda-); aparitasyanatayā, ms. at Śikṣ 35.6 for apariṇamanatayā which ed. reads with Gv 463.21 (the source of the citation; see pariṇamana); nausamacittena gamanāgamanāparitasyanatayā (so mss., ed. em. °trasya°, without good reason) Śikṣ 35.9, with mind like a ship because unwearied in going and coming; this is cited from Gv 464.6 which reads parikhinnatayā, certainly an error for aparikh°, a synonym of aparitasyana(tā), cf. akheda- above on Śikṣ 25.7, and s.vv. paritasyati, °tras°. Wogihara, Lex. 32 note 1, assumes that the original form of these nouns contained °tasy° and that (a-)paritasana (prec.) is a ‘purism’. This can hardly be assumed in view of Pali paritasati beside °tassati, and BHS paritrasati beside °syati. form of these nouns contained °tasy° and that (a-)paritasana (prec.) is a ‘purism’. This can hardly be assumed in view of Pali paritasati beside °tassati, and BHS paritrasati beside °syati.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/arthika (1939) + ((arTika, arTika) arthika … (arTika, arTika) arthika¦ (Pali atthika; very rare in Skt., see BR 5.1048, and pw s.v.; essentially a Buddhist word; cf. anarthika), (1) desirous (of, instr. or in comp.): with instr., LV 111.13 (kāmaguṇebhir); 242.2 (id.); Mv i.327.2 (tehi bhājanehi); ii.354.2, and 355.1, 3 (buddhajñānena); ii.426.8 (striyāya arthiko, wanting a woman); iii.391.14 ahaṃ tvayā arthiko, 15 ahaṃ tvayā arthikā, I am in love with you, I want you; Divy 616.8 arthikāsi…Ānan- dena, are you in love with Ā.?; Divy 345.7 (puṇyena); RP 19.7 (buddhajñānena); Śikṣ 38.1 (kaḥ puruṣenārthikaḥ, who wants a man?); 342.20; in comp., LV 139.22 (na…) kulārthiko na gotrārthiko, guṇārthika eva; 179.10 dhar- mārthiko, 431.22 sarvarasārthikebhyaś; Mv ii.121.8 jyotiarthiko jyotigaveṣī; ii.124.1 prahāṇārthikasya (with v.l., see prahāṇa 1; Pali padhānatthikassa MN i.167.6); ii.183.5 and 238.16 puṇyārthika; as subst., petitioner, RP 17.1; aiming at (in comp.), vighātārthika aiming at prevention (of evil), Bbh 114.5, 14, etc. (common in Bbh, see Wogihara's Index); (2) ep. of a Buddha, or in the first passage of the Bodhisattva at the moment of his attaining Buddhahood; this usage seems unknown in Pali and I have not seen it noted previously; perhaps it means in possession of, having attained (his proper, i.e. the supreme religious) aim: Mv ii.284.19 (in a long list of epithets of the Enlightened One); Mv iii.63.10 alam arthikasya aprasādena, away with disbelief in the One (Buddha) who has attained the goal! (see s.v. aprasāda; misunderstood by Senart); (3) see pratyarthika.list of epithets of the Enlightened One); Mv iii.63.10 alam arthikasya aprasādena, away with disbelief in the One (Buddha) who has attained the goal! (see s.v. aprasāda; misunderstood by Senart); (3) see pratyarthika.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/ar(t)tiyati (1924) + ((artiyati, ar(t)tiyati) … (artiyati, ar(t)tiyati) ar(t)tiyati¦ or °tīyati, °te; in one doubtful passage perhaps ārtī°, otherwise always art° when not fused in saṃdhi with preceding vowel; forms occurring include ar(t)tīyati, °yanti, °tīyate, °tiyante, °tīyanto and °taṃ (pres. pple.), aritīyeran (! read art°), artita (ppp.); also ārtīyate (? v.l. attī°); attīyantā (and probably attīyate for prec.); ṛtīyate, °yante, °yamāna (pres. pple.; for ṛt° we usually find rit° written); ardīyamāna (pres. pple.); āstīryati; and noun attīyanā. The corresp. Pali (see CPD) is written aṭṭīyati, aṭṭhī°, aḍḍhī°, addiyati. Despite all this confusion, there is no doubt that we are dealing with essentially one word, with modifications due to diverse influences, including popular etymology and hyper-Sktism. Wogihara, ZDMG 58.454, gives the ‘correct form’ as ṛtīyate (which, or rather usually rit°, is customary in Bbh, but I believe occurs nowhere else), and the mg. as er schämt sich; both statements are wrong, I believe. As to mg., Wogihara was evidently influenced by the fact that the word is often associated in Pali with harāyati, jiguc- chati, and in BHS with jehrīyate, (vi)jugupsati, or equiv- alents. But it is also often used where shame cannot be involved. Most likely the MIndic word is a denominative from ārti (for which arti, with semi-MIndic shortening, is recorded even in Skt.). All forms are included here since the word is clearly a unit, but they are also entered under the several heading: (1) is grieved, perturbed, distressed: Mv i.219.17 = ii.21.19 kecit saṃsārapāśena arttiyante (ii.21.19 saṃsāracāreṇa artīyanti) yathā aham (said by the infant Bodhisattva), are distressed; Mv ii.161.7 bo- dhisattvo jātīye arttīyanto, being pained by (or, on ac- count of) birth, 11--12…maraṇena artt°, 13 śokehi artt°; Mv ii.242.13 arttīyati (Senart em. attī°); Mv i.89.18 (ākīrṇavihāreṇa) nārtīyanti; Mv ii.480.7 śokārtita; LV [Page066-b+ 71] 174.14 jarārtita; Bbh 166.11 ṛtīyamānaḥ (of a Bodhisattva); Bbh 171.9 ritīyamānaṃ. (2) In some transitional cases, leading over to the next group, the additional note of aversion, revulsion seems more or less clearly present: Bbh 282.7--8 tena pūrvakeṇādhimokṣeṇāritīyeran (read °ṇārtīyeran; but in same phrase line 23 °mokṣeṇa ritīyante), they would be annoyed by, sick of, disgusted with their for- mer enthusiasm; Bbh 168.23 ritīyate; Mvy 1830 nārtīyate (no context); (3) like preceding but accompanied by parallel forms of hrī-, jugups-, or the like: SP 108.6 daridracintayārtīyantaṃ jehrīyamāṇaṃ jugupsamānaṃ, distressed, ashamed, disgusted by the thought of being poor; Mv i.343.1 (tena adharmeṇa) attīyantā (Senart em. artī°) vijigupsantā or °satā (mss. °satāṃ, evidently pres. pple., Senart em. wrongly °sitā) distressed and disgusted by this immorality; Karmav 47.26 āstīryati jihreti vigarhati vijugupsati, is distressed, ashamed, offended, disgusted (by acts he has done); 49.2; Divy 39.7 ye 'nena pūtikāyen- ārdīyamānā jehrīyante vijugupsamānāḥ, being distressed, are ashamed, disgusted; (4) with abl., feels aversion (from): MadhK 297.2, text ārtīyate (ebhyo dharmebhyo), but v.l. attīyate, so prob. read; followed by jehrīyate vitarati vijugupsate; in line 4 below (see note 1) mss. dharmebhyo attīyanā (text artī°) vijugupsanā (nouns).;being distressed, are ashamed, disgusted; (4) with abl., feels aversion (from): MadhK 297.2, text ārtīyate (ebhyo dharmebhyo), but v.l. attīyate, so prob. read; followed by jehrīyate vitarati vijugupsate; in line 4 below (see note 1) mss. dharmebhyo attīyanā (text artī°) vijugupsanā (nouns).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/atyākhyāya (361) + ((atyAKyAya, atyAKyAya) [ … (atyAKyAya, atyAKyAya) [atyākhyāya¦ (tāṃ te gatiṃ gamiṣyanti), by em., LV 88.22 (prose). But Lefm. misedits and misunderstands [Page011-a+ 71] the passage, and Weller ignores it. Foucaux is practically right. Read with most and best mss. vyākhyāyatāṃ te tāṃ; all mss. have vyā°. not tyā°. Render What is the fate of those who expound the Buddhas past, present, and future, while yet ignoring (or concealing) the enlightenment of the Buddhas,--to that fate will they go.] concealing) the enlightenment of the Buddhas,--to that fate will they go.])
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/avakoṭimaka (2039) + ((avakowimaka, avakowimaka) <b& … (avakowimaka, avakowimaka) avakoṭimaka¦, adj. (= Pali okoṭ°), deformed, mis- shapen; so Tib. acc. to Speyer, byad (on i.280.3 byed) ṅan po; the precise mg. in Pali is disputed; Av i.280.3 and ii.152.10, in phrase durvarṇo durdarśano ava°; in Pali only in corresp. phrase dubbaṇṇa duddas(s)ika oko°. But mss. of Av avahoṭimako or °ḍimako, and in ii.152.10 Speyer adopts the latter, stating that it is also written so in the Ratnāvadānamālā version of the same story. It seems that it should be the same as the Pali word, which is well attested. Yet I think the form with h is supported by Laṅk 27.4, mss. uhātrimā, ed. em. uhoḍimā, and 33.15, text ahoḍimā, most mss. uho°; both initially in anuṣṭubh lines, where avaho° could be read as a stan- dard hypermetric type, or u- could stand for ava- (cf. § 3.55, ukirati); Tib. cited as ṅan paḥi mi, miserable man, in Suzuki, Index, which attributes to Wogihara the interpretation ūnendriya (fitting our word). man, in Suzuki, Index, which attributes to Wogihara the interpretation ūnendriya (fitting our word).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/avetya-prasāda (2284) + ((avetyaprasAda, avetya-prasAda) & … (avetyaprasAda, avetya-prasAda) avetya-prasāda¦, m. (= Pali avecca-ppasāda), serenity based on trusting faith (cf. Wogihara, Lex. 17): °daḥ Mvy 6823; buddhe 'vetya-prasādena AsP 59.20, and similarly in foll. (in Pali also with buddhe etc., loc.); °da- lābhī Bbh 161.2, and °da-prāptaḥ 327.2.so with buddhe etc., loc.); °da- lābhī Bbh 161.2, and °da-prāptaḥ 327.2.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/bāhyaka (10945) + ((bAhyaka, bAhyaka) bāhya … (bAhyaka, bAhyaka) bāhyaka¦, adj. (Skt. bāhya plus -ka svārthe; cf. bāhira-ka, in same mg.), external; after ito, to this (i.e. Buddhist); heretical: ito-bāhyakeṣu tīrthikeṣu Bbh 222.6; ito-°keṣu śramaṇa-brāhmaṇeṣu Bbh 389.7 (both prose); (dhārmikān, i.e. Buddhists)…no tu bāhyakān MSV iii.123.15.-°keṣu śramaṇa-brāhmaṇeṣu Bbh 389.7 (both prose); (dhārmikān, i.e. Buddhists)…no tu bāhyakān MSV iii.123.15.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/duṣṭhula (7435) + ((duzWula, duzWula) duṣṭh … (duzWula, duzWula) duṣṭhula¦, adj. (also spelled °ṣṭū°; = Pali duṭṭhulla, adj. and n.; cf. dauṣṭhulya; on etym see below), wicked, grievously evil: °lām āpattim Prāt 504.1 (Chin. une faute grave); MSV iii.79.5 (see atisārin), duṣṭūlāpattiḥ, a-duṣṭu° Hoernle, MR 12.5 (in a Vinaya fragment), rendered grave offense, not…; in Mvy 8424 °lārocana, 8473 °la-prati- [Page268-a+ 71] cchādana, Mironov °lāprati°, telling and (not) concealing what is wicked (no neg. in Tib. and Chin.), the word could (but need not) be considered equal to dauṣṭhulya; °la- samudācārāḥ, of wicked behavior, MSV ii.200.17 (of the ṣaḍvargika monks). In Prāt 479.12 duṣṭhulayā vācā (cf. Pali Vin. iii.128.22) could be rendered with lewd words (making sexual advances to a woman), which acc. to Childers and PTSD is a special (tho not the exclusive) mg. of Pali duṭṭhulla; since no other BHS occurrence of this word or dauṣṭhulya suggests this mg., it seems more probable that the standard meaning, gravely evil, prevails here too. Derivation from Skt. Gr. duṣṭhu (pendant to Skt. suṣṭhu) has been plausibly suggested by Lévi, Sūtrāl. vi.2 note 3, and others. Prob. Pali -ulla shows the older form of the ending: on the Pkt. suffix -ulla cf. Pischel 595. Probably dauṣṭhulya was first constructed as a hyper- Skt. form from duṭṭhulla; it was restricted to substantive use, and duṣṭhula (which seems to have been much rarer) was a back-formation from it, as adj. Leumann, cited by Wogihara, Lex. 27 f., came fairly close to this suggestion as an alternative (his first proposal seems to me implau- sible). to substantive use, and duṣṭhula (which seems to have been much rarer) was a back-formation from it, as adj. Leumann, cited by Wogihara, Lex. 27 f., came fairly close to this suggestion as an alternative (his first proposal seems to me implau- sible).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/duṣkuhaka (7431) + ((duzkuhaka, duzkuhaka) d … (duzkuhaka, duzkuhaka) duṣkuhaka¦, adj. (possibly cf. dukkuha Deśīn. 5.44, defined asahana, in comm. also arocakin), lit. hard to deceive, not credulous (cf. Wogihara, Lex. 24): duṣkuhakā Jāmbudvīpakā (or Jambu°) manuṣyā(ḥ), nābhiśradda- dhāsyasi (°yati, °yanti) Divy 7.29; 8.26; 9.30; 10.23; 11.18; 12.8; 13.4; 14.23; 335.20; 336.18; 337.14; (avalo- kiteśvaraṃ…) duḥkuhakaṃ lokam upadeśayantam Sādh 77.14..20; 336.18; 337.14; (avalo- kiteśvaraṃ…) duḥkuhakaṃ lokam upadeśayantam Sādh 77.14.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/dvīpa (7642) + ((dvIpa, dvIpa) dvīpa< … (dvIpa, dvIpa) dvīpa¦ (Pali dīpa, see below; as in Skt. usually m. but sometimes nt., e.g. Divy 214.25; Mv iii.378.2; the gender of the names follows that of the word dvīpa in the context; normally they are m.), one of the 4 continents, which to Buddhists are Jambudvīpa, Pūrvavideha (Prāgvideha LaVallée Poussin, AbhidhK. iii.145), Apara- godānīya (°ni, °ḍānī- in comp., °nika; rarely Avara°, Godānīya, qq.v.), and Uttarakuru (Kuru alone, AbhidhK l.c.); see the second and third s.vv. Listed LV 19.15 f.; 149.19 f.; the three outer ones cpd. with -lipi LV 126.4 f.; Mv i.6.2; ii.68.6; 158.18; iii.378.2; cf. AbhidhK. l.c.; [Page275-a+ 23] Mvy 3045, 3047, 3050, 3054, 3057; Dharmas 120; Divy 214.7, 10, 24; 215.15, 20; MSV i.94.4 f. The Pali forms are Jambudīpa, Pubbavideha, Aparagoyāna (! or v.l. °godhāna), and Uttarakuru.050, 3054, 3057; Dharmas 120; Divy 214.7, 10, 24; 215.15, 20; MSV i.94.4 f. The Pali forms are Jambudīpa, Pubbavideha, Aparagoyāna (! or v.l. °godhāna), and Uttarakuru.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/gupti (5787) + ((gupti, gupti) gupti< … (gupti, gupti) gupti¦, f., in Mv nt. in form (n. sg. °tiṃ), in Mv sometimes written gupta, nt., seems to be false Sktization of the word which appears in Pali as kutti, apparently = Skt. kḷpti, form, formation, fashion: note esp. svara-gupti = Pali sara-kutti (Jāt. vi.293.19; Vin. ii.108.18, comm. 1202.6 = sara-kiriyā), form (timbre? so Lévi, JAs. 1915, I, 404 n.) of voice, Bbh 61.(18--)20 (yādṛśī teṣāṃ varṇa- puṣkalatā bhavati, tādṛśī tasya; yādṛśa āroha-pariṇāhaḥ, tādṛśas tasya bhavati;) yādṛśī svara-guptis teṣāṃ, tādṛśī tasya bhavati (Chin. acc. to Wogihara sound, i.e. perhaps timbre, of words); very similarly Divy 222.21 (Indra made Mūrdhāta like himself; there was no difference between them, na…nānākaraṇaṃ vā yad utāroha-)pariṇāho (so read with mss., as in Bbh; ed. em. °hau) varṇapuṣkalatā svara-guptyā svaragupter nānyatra…; see also s.v. guptikā; in Mv a dozen times in a cliché where gupti (sometimes written gupta) is parallel and synonymous with liṅga, dhvaja, and kalpa (sometimes ākalpa; cf. Jāt. vi.293.19 ākappaṃ sara-kuttiṃ vā na rañño sadisam ācare); with minor variants the cliché reads yaṃ (yat) kiṃci(d) gṛhi- (or ṛṣi-, parivrājaka-, tīrthika-)-liṅgaṃ gṛhi-(etc.)-guptiṃ (mss. sometimes guptaṃ, very rarely guptiḥ; Senart sometimes em. gupti) gṛhi-(etc.)-dhvajaṃ gṛhi-(etc.)-kalpaṃ (mss. sometimes ākalpaṃ) sarvaṃ (sam-)antar(a)hitaṃ (antarahāye), describing sudden and miraculous changes in heretics upon their conversion-- they suddenly appear like Buddhist monks: Mv ii.234.(3--) 4; iii.65.(3--)4; 92.(8--)9; 180.14; 181.5; 329.11; 379.14; 413.(11--)12; 423.8; 430.16; 432.2; here prob. belongs also ācāra-gupti-kuhaka(ḥ) śramaṇaḥ KP 121.3; 123.1, 8; ācāraguptiḥ kuhako 126.12; here Tib. renders literally, (hypocritical) while guarding (propriety of conduct); as KP 123 makes clear in detail, it refers to a monk who [Page213-b+ 71] goes thru all the external proper forms of behavior but for interested, selfish motives (hence kuhaka); 2d and 3d Chin. translations render ācāra-gupti by (having) dignity of demeanor, and prob. gupti really meant external form, as very clearly in Mv. See next but one, and cf. gutti (for Skt. gupti, in a different sense).i>of demeanor, and prob. gupti really meant external form, as very clearly in Mv. See next but one, and cf. gutti (for Skt. gupti, in a different sense).)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/icchantika (3122) + ((icCantika, icCantika) i … (icCantika, icCantika) icchantika¦, adj. or subst. m., acc. to Suzuki (Studies, 219 n. 1, and 391), one destitute of Buddha-nature: Mvy 2210, 2223 = Tib. ḥdod chen (po), (subject to) great desire (somehow based on pres. pple. of icchati); Laṅk 27.5 katham °ko bhavet; 65.17 °kānāṃ…anicchanti- katā-mokṣam (read as one cpd. word) kena pravartate; and often in Laṅk. Wogihara, as cited by Suzuki l. c., thought that the word was derived from *itthaṃtvika (cf. itthatva), worldly; Tib. does not support this.was derived from *itthaṃtvika (cf. itthatva), worldly; Tib. does not support this.)
Dictionaries/Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary/icchatva (3121) + ((icCatva, icCatva) icchatva¦ = (and prob. false reading for) itthatva, q.v. However, if Wogihara were right in his interpretation of icchantika, q.v., this would support derivation of icchatva from itthatva.)

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