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• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2463  + ([dvādaṡa bhūmayaḥ]/ Twelve grounds; twelve levels of the [mahāyāna] paths. 1-10. (see {sa bachu})\n11. {byang chub tu sems ma bskyed pa'i sa/} prior to generating the mind\nof enlightenment\n12. {kun tu 'od kyi sa/} the ever-illuminating\nground.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2585  + ([dvādaṡa dharmapravacana]/ Twelve scriptur … [dvādaṡa dharmapravacana]/ Twelve scriptural categories.\n1. {mdo'i sde/} [sūtram]/ sets of discourses\n2. {dbyangs kyis bsnyad pa'i sde/} [geyam]/ intermediate verses\n3. {lung du bstan pa'i sde/} [vyākaraṇam]/ prophetic teachings\n4. {tshigs su bcad pa'i sde/} [gātha]/ versified teachings\n5. {ched du brjod pa'i sde/} [udānam]/\nspecific teachings\n6. {gleng gzhi' sde/} [nidānam]/ introductory teachings\n7. {rtogs pa brjod pa'i sde/} [avadānam]/ parables\n8. {de lta bu} {byung ba'i sde/} [itivṛttakam]/ legends\n9. {skyes pa'i rab kyi sde/} [jātakam]/ life stories\n10. {shin tu rgyas pa'i sde/} [vaipulyam]/ grand teachings\n11. {rmad du byung ba'i sde/} [adbhūta dharma]/marvellous teachings\n12. {gtan la phab pa'i sde/} [upadeṡa]/ finalized teachings.pa'i sde/} [upadeṡa]/ finalized teachings.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/1759  + ([dvādaṡa dhūta guṇāḥ]/ Twelve ascetic prac … [dvādaṡa dhūta guṇāḥ]/ Twelve ascetic practices; twelve disciplines of a strict practitioner.\n1. {gos phyag dar khrod pa/} [pāṁṡukūlika]/ wearing robes made of rags\n2. {chos gos gsum pa/} traicivarika/ wearing the three dharma robes\n3.{_phying ba pa/} [nāmatika]/ wearing robes made only of wool\n4. {stan gcig pa/} [aikāsanika]/ eating one's food in one sitting\n5. {bsod snyoms pa/} [paiṇḍapātika]/ subsisting on alms\n6. {zas phyis mi len pa/} [khalupaṡcād bhaktika]/ not accepting food after having risen from one's seat\n7. {dgon pa ba/} [āraṇyaka]/ dwelling in a hermitage\n8. {shing drung pa/} [vṛkṣamūlika]/ dwelling at the foot of a tree/ forest dweller\n9. {bla gab med pa/} [ābhyavakāṡika]/ dwelling in an open and unsheltered place\n10. {dur khrod pa/} [ṡmāṡānika]/ dwelling in cemeteries\n11. {tsog pu ba/} [naiṣadika]/ remaining in the sitting posture\n12. {gzhi ji bzhin pa/} [y_athāsaṁstarika]/ sleeping wherever one may happen to be.]/ sleeping wherever one may happen to be.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/1954  + ([dvādaṡa vedanā skandhāḥ]/ Twelve aggregat … [dvādaṡa vedanā skandhāḥ]/ Twelve aggregates of feeling.\n1. {mig gi 'dus te reg pa las byung ba'i tshor ba/} feeling produced through visual contact\n2. {sna'i 'dus te reg pa las byung ba'i tshor ba/} feeling produced through olfactory contact\n3. {rna ba'i 'dus te reg pa las byung ba'i tshor ba/} feeling produced through aural contact\n4. {lce'i 'dus te reg pa las byung ba'i tshor ba/} feeling produced through gustatory contact\n5. {lus kyi 'dus te reg pa las byung ba'i tshor ba/} feeling produced through physical contact\n6. {yid kyi 'dus te reg pa las byung ba'i tshor ba/} feeling produced through mental contact\n7. {dbang shes su gyur ba'i tshor ba/} feeiing from sense powers\n8. {yid shes su gyur ba'i tshor ba/} feeling from mental consciousness\n9. {zang zing dang bcas pa'i tsor ba/} disturbed feeling\n10. {zang zing med pa'i tshor ba/} undisturbed feeling\n11. {zhen pa pa sten pa'i tshor ba/} feelings stimulating attachment\n12. {mngon par 'byungab ba bsten pa'i tshor ba/} feelings expressing experiences.shor ba/} feelings expressing experiences.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/160  + ([dvādaṡa āyatanāni]/ Twelve sources of perception. A. 1-6. Six outer sources of perception (see {yul drug}) B. 7-12. Six inner sources of perception (see {dbang po drug}).)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/519  + ([gati]/ Migrators; sentient beings. Generally classified into two categories: 1. the unfortunate beings (ngan-'gro) 2. the fortunate beings (bde-'gro).)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2291  + ([naiyāyika]/ Logicians. Proponents of non- … [naiyāyika]/ Logicians. Proponents of non-Buddhist tenets who follow Brahma [akṣapāda] in asserting that all objects of knowledge are included in six categories (see {tshig don drug}). This school is known by the name 'logician,' because they follow the logical system taught by their teacher {akasaapa}ā{da}. The general presentation of their tenets are basically the same as those asserted by the [vaiṡeṣika] (particularist) school of Hindu philosophy.particularist) school of Hindu philosophy.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/1183  + ([pañca tanmātrāṇi]/ The five mere existent … [pañca tanmātrāṇi]/ The five mere existents. According to the Sanikhya school of Hindu philosophy all phenomena are included into six categories.\n1. {gzugs/} [rūpa]/ form\n2. {sgra/} [ṡabda]/ sound\n3. {dri/} [gaṅdha]/ smell\n4. {ro/} [rasa]/ taste\n5. {reg bya/} spars'a/ object of touch.e\n5. {reg bya/} spars'a/ object of touch.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2248  + ([pratyekabuddha yāna]/ The Solitary Realiz … [pratyekabuddha yāna]/ The Solitary Realizer vehicle; the path of Pratekyabuddhas. The paths are similar to that of a Hearer (Sravaka); asserts the selflessness of a person and meditates on the twelve links of interdependent origination, and attains the state of aFoe-destroyer (Arhatship).s the state of aFoe-destroyer (Arhatship).)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/394  + ([saṁkhyā]/ The Enumerators. Propounders of … [saṁkhyā]/ The Enumerators. Propounders of non-buddhist tenets also called Kapilas, who assert that all objects of knowledge can be enumerated into twenty-five categories of phenomena (see {she bya nyer lnga}). They also assert that the Fundamental Principle which is partless, permanent and the agent of all actions, pervades all phenomena. There are two main schools of Samkhyas—the theistic and the non-theistic.amkhyas—the theistic and the non-theistic.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/328  + ([saṁsāra mārga]/ The paths of [saṁsāra]. A. The twelve links of interdependent origination (see {rtena'abrel yan lag bcu gnyis}). B. The non-virtuous activities.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2489  + ([trayastriṃṡa devāh]/ The Heaven of Thirty … [trayastriṃṡa devāh]/ The Heaven of Thirty-Three. Celestial abode of gods of the desire realm believed to be located on top of Mt. Meru, which is inhabited by the so called 'eight wealth-gods' ({nor lha brgyad}) the 'eleven wrathful' ({drag po bcu gcig}), the 'twelve suns' ({nyi ma bcu gnyis}), the 'two sons of thal-kar' ({thal skar gyi bu gnyis}) and Indra ({lha bdang brgya byin}).nyis}) and Indra ({lha bdang brgya byin}).)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/738  + ([udānavarga]/ Impersonal utterances of Bud … [udānavarga]/ Impersonal utterances of Buddha's teachings; the class of impersonal teachings. Those categories of Buddha's teachings uttered not for specific disciples but in , general without being requested for the purpose of flourishing of the Buddha Dharma.rpose of flourishing of the Buddha Dharma.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/1659  + ([vaibhāṣika]. A lower school of Buddhist p … [vaibhāṣika]. A lower school of Buddhist philosophy that asserts the division of all phenomena into the following five I categories, and assert three times as substantially existent.\n1. {'du ma byas rtag pa'i gzhi/} non-composite phenomena as permanent\n2. {snang ba sems kyi gzhi/} appearances as form (objects of perception)\n3. {gtsong bo sems kyi gzhi/} primary mind\n4. {'khor sems byung gi gzha/} secondary minds\n5. {ldan pa ma yin pa'i 'du byed kyi gzhi/} non-associated compositional factors.hi/} non-associated compositional factors.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2416  + ([vaipulya]/ Extensive teachings. One of the twelve scriptural categories; such as different levels of the perfection of wisdom teachings concerning the ten perfections of wisdom (see {phar phyin bcu}).)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/1657  + ([vaiṡeṣika]/ The Particularists. Proponent … [vaiṡeṣika]/ The Particularists. Proponents of non-Buddhist tenets following the sage Kanand, who asserted that all objects of knowledge are included in six categories (see {bye brag pa'i tsheg don drug}); they also assert that ablution, initiations, fasts, and offerings of fire rituals are perfect paths to liberation; accordingly, when the self is in isolation free from desire, hatred, anger or pleasure, liberation is attained.anger or pleasure, liberation is attained.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/1468  + ([vicāra bhāvanā]/ Analytical meditation. Meditation of checking or reviewing the topic through applying analysis.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2282  + ([vidyā mantra]/ The knowledge mantra. The mantras primarily meant for establishing the wisdom aspect of realizations and divine activities. In a more generalized sense this comprises the female form of deities, her mantras, [mudrās], etc.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2058  + ([yathāsaṃstarika]/ He who sleeps wherever he happens to be. One of the twelve ascetic practice (see {sbyangs pa'i yon tan bcu gnyis}); to sleep on a bed of grass or leaves, etc., which are laid out once without being rearranged for comfort's sake.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/29  + ([ānanda]; one of the twelve close disciple … [ānanda]; one of the twelve close disciples of Buddha [ṡakyamuni] known for his knowledge of scriptures. He was second of the seven hierarchs (see {ston pa'i gtad rabs bdun}) after the passing away of Buddha and recited by heart the [sūtrapitaka] during the first council held at [rājagṛha]. He was also one of the main disciples who attended Buddha's teachings on the four tantras of medicine.teachings on the four tantras of medicine.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/856  + ([ṡrāvaka]/ A Hearer. Originally, those dis … [ṡrāvaka]/ A Hearer. Originally, those disciples of Buddha who actually listen to Buddha's teachings and also propagate these to others. Their goal is to achieve nirvana for themselves. The four noble truths and the twelve links of independent origination are their primary fields of study and practice.heir primary fields of study and practice.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2409  + ([ṡākyasṛībhadra]/ [ṡākyaṡrī] Bhadra (1142- … [ṡākyasṛībhadra]/ [ṡākyaṡrī] Bhadra (1142-1225). A [kaṡmiri] pandit who was instrumental in establishing monastic institutions in Tibet. He became abbot of Sakya [paṇḍita] Kunga Gyaltsen; stayed for twelve years at Radreng, Lodrag and others by working incessantly for the spread of Buddhism in Tibet.antly for the spread of Buddhism in Tibet.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/1048  + ([ṡāsana]/ Teaching; doctrine. Teachings sp … [ṡāsana]/ Teaching; doctrine. Teachings spoken by Buddha himself, or recorded into writing by later disciples in the form of commentaries. Technically, Buddha's teachings can be subsumed under two categories: the transmission of oral and recorded teachings (see- {lung gi bstan pa}) and the transmission of insights (see- {rtogs pa'i bstan pa}). of insights (see- {rtogs pa'i bstan pa}).)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/161  + ([ṣaḍ āyatana pratītyasamutpāda]/ The inter … [ṣaḍ āyatana pratītyasamutpāda]/ The interdependent link of six sources of perception; the link of six cognitive faculties. The fifth link in the twelve linked chain of interdependent origination; the period of time when the six sense powers of a foetus first emerge although they are still unable to distinguish objects of sense.ll unable to distinguish objects of sense.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/988  + ({rten cing 'brel bar 'byung /}\n[pratītyas … {rten cing 'brel bar 'byung /}\n[pratītyasamutpāda]/ Interdependent origination; dependent co-origination. The meeting or coincidence of causes and conditions for creating a thing or a situation. In general, the twelve links of interdependent origination dealing with the cycle of rebirth, and in its highest sense it is the proof of all phenomena being dependent on each other and hence lacking inherent existence.ther and hence lacking inherent existence.)

• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/1000  + (Utterences of realizations ([Avadānam]); parables. One of the twelve scriptural categories that explains a topic with illustrations and examples for easy comprehension.)

• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/608  + (@ibe activity of practice. One of the four … @ibe activity of practice. One of the four ways of utilizing realizations (see {spyod pa'i sgo bzhi}) according to action tantra in which one transforms articles of offering, body and resources into gods of desire realms and Vidyadharas or [ḍākinīs] of the same rank.Vidyadharas or [ḍākinīs] of the same rank.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/345  + (A compiled treatise. A treatise that is a compilation of fragments on a particular topic from all [sūtra]s, e.g., the Ornament of Discourses ([mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra]/ mdo-sde-rgyan) or the Compendium of Precepts ([ṡikṣasamucchaya]/ bslab-btus).)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/403  + (A lord of actualization; [mahāsiddha]. One who has attained supreme realizations of either or both the [sūtra] and tantra traditions.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/1497  + (A non-Buddhist by emanation. Buddhas and Bodhisattvas who have chosen to emanate as teachers of non-Buddhist philosophy in order to lead those beings not yet ripened to progress on the higher states of realizations.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/768  + (A statement expressing quality. A statemen … A statement expressing quality. A statement in which the subject of concern for both the speaker and listener is presented as the quality of discussion, e.g. the statement, 'impermanence of sound'. This statement not only distinguishes impermanence of sound from the impermanence of others, such as a vase or pillar, but also excludes discussing the qualities of other phenomena within the topic of discussion. phenomena within the topic of discussion.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/518  + (Actualizing causes. Craving, grasping and … Actualizing causes. Craving, grasping and becoming are the actualizing causes in the twelve links of interdependent origination, for these are responsible for activating, at death, the seeds of karmic instinct implanted in one's mind which determine one's next rebirth.s mind which determine one's next rebirth.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2376  + (Citation; quotation; scriptural support.\n{lung ma bstan/}\n[avyākṛta]/ Unspecified phenomena. Something Buddha has\nnot specified as being either virtuous or non-virtuous, e.g. a person.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2017  + (Clear mental comprehension of words and meanings.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/1829  + (Conceptual cognition involving terms. A ty … Conceptual cognition involving terms. A type of conceptual generation produced in conjuction with the name of a thing, e.g. a concept that takes for granted, "anything that is capable of rasing a beam is a pillar."\n{ming gzugs kyi yan lag}\nThe interdependent link of name and form. The fourth in the link of the twelve interdependent originations. Name refers to sound, smell, taste, phenomena and form as the form\naggregate.phenomena and form as the form\naggregate.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2415  + (Extremely obscure phenomena. Phenomena that can oniy be established through recourse to scriptural quotation, e.g. the subtle aspects of the law of causality.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2516  + (Followers of the sage Kapila. A proponent … Followers of the sage Kapila. A proponent of non-Buddhist philosophy (Hindu) called the [sāṃkhyas] who assert the enumeration of all phenomena into twenty-five categories (see {shes bya nyer lnga}) and gains liberation through complete understanding of these phenomena complete understanding of these phenomena)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/265  + (Lineage of a teaching. A transmission of the lineage of a teaching in which a scriptural text is explained word by word from written commentaries and oral tradition.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/1846  + (Marvelous teachings. One of the twelve scriptural categories of Buddha's teachings, describing the marvelous qualities of the Hearers, Bodhisattvas and Buddhas or their heavens.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/364  + (Mt. Kailash. Also called the holy mountain … Mt. Kailash. Also called the holy mountain (gangs rin-po-che) located in the district of Purang in Ngari region of western Tibet, and is venerated by Bonpos, Hindus and Buddhists alike. It is located ai a height of 6656 meters above sea к Д and is the source of the river Ganges. After every cycle of twelve years in the Horse year, a grand ceremony of special pilgrimage takes place.eremony of special pilgrimage takes place.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/1586  + (Projecting causes; the three causes within the twelve links of interdependent origination which implant the causes for ripening karmas to be reborn in cyclic existence ([saṁsāra])— ignorance, karmic formation and consciousness.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2375  + (Prophetic teachings. One of the twelve scriptural categories that concerns prophesies given by Buddha about the past and future lives of an individual.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2374  + (Scriptural teachings. The transmission of Buddha's teachings extant in oral and scriptural form.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/1899  + (Six signs of irreversibility from the peak … Six signs of irreversibility from the peak level of the path of preparation.\n1. {lus la srin bu'i rigs mi 'byung ba/} families of worms cannot arise in his body\n2. {sems la gya gyu med pa/} he has no crookedness in his mind\n3. {sbyangs pa'i yon tan bcu gnyis bsten pa/} he trains in the twelve ascetic practices (see {sbyangs pa'i yon tan bcu gnyis})\n4. {ser sna dang 'chal ba'i tshul khrims sogs med pa/} he has no signs of meanness or immorality\n5. {chos nyid dang mi 'gal bar sher phyin dang ldan par 'gro ba/} he advances in the perfection of wisdom which is not in conflict with reality\n6. {gzhan don du dmyal bar 'gro} {'dod pa/} he wishes to enter hell for the welfare of others.s to enter hell for the welfare of others.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2393  + (Sixteen misconceptions; sixteen wrong view … Sixteen misconceptions; sixteen wrong views. Misconception concerning:\n1. {dmigs pa la log par rtog pa/} object\n2. {rnam pa la log par rtog pa/} aspect\n3. {'bras bu la log par rtog pa/} fruit\n4. {kun rdzob bden pa la log par rtog pa/} conventional truth\n5. {den dam bden pa la log par rtog pa/} ultimate truth\n6. {spyod pa'i ngo bo log par rtog pa/} nature of conduct\n7. {spyod pa'i rten sangs rgyas la log par rtog pa/} object of refuge\n8. {chos la log par rtog pa/} dharma\n9. {dge 'dun la log par rtog pa/} [saṅgha]\n10. {thabs mkhas pa la log par rtog pa/} skill in means\n11. {mngon rtogs la log par rtog pa/} realizations\n12. {spang bya la log par rtog pa/} abandonments\n13. {lam gyi ngo po la log par rtog pa/} nature of the path\n14. {spang gnyen gyi rnam dbye la log par rtog pa/} distinction between objects to be abandoned and their antidotes\n15. {chos rnams kyi mtshan nyid la log par rtog pa/} characteristics of phenomena\n16. {rang spyi'i mtshan nyid la log par rtog pa/} general and specific nature of phenomena. general and specific nature of phenomena.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/2475  + (Ten thorough trainings on the fourth groun … Ten thorough trainings on the fourth ground.\n1. {dben pa'i nags na gnas pa/} solitary dwelling in a forest\n2. {'dod pa chung ba/} having few desires\n3. {chog shes pa/} being contented\n4. {sbyangs pa'i yon tan la yid dam pa/} strictiy following the twelve ascetic trainings (see {sbyangs pa'i yon tan bcu gnyis})\n5. {bslab khrims yongs su mi gtong ba/} not forshaking discipline\n6. {'dod pa'i yon tan la smod pa/} loathing sensual objects\n7. {gdul bya so sa'i sgral ba dang 'tshams pa'i chos ston cing myang 'das la gzhol ba/} leading beings to the state of peace by giving teachings according to their capabilities\n8. {bdog pa kun gtong ba/} renouncing and giving away all possessions\n9. {dge ba sgrub pa la sems mi zhum pa/} never turning away from\ndoing wholesome practices\n10. {mngon zhen gyi lta ba med pa/} never holding wrong views.lta ba med pa/} never holding wrong views.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/115  + (The New Kadampa. The lineage of teachings directly originating from Tsong Khapa, based on the examples of the life and deeds of past Kadampa masters inclusive of the middle way view and secret mantrayana paths. This refers to the Gelug tradition.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/1039  + (The Twelve Dharma Protectors; the twelve s … The Twelve Dharma Protectors; the twelve sister-protectors of Tibet who have promised to protect the Buddha Dharma, belonging to the class of mother tantra.\n1){rdo rje kun grags ma/} Dorje Kundakma\n2){rdo rje g.yab ma skyong /} Dorje Yamakyong\n3){rdo rje kun bzang ma/} Dorje Kunzangma\n4){rdo rje gegs kyi gtso/} Dorje Gegkyi-Tzo\n5){rdo rje spyan gcig ma/} Dorje Chen Chigma\n6){rdo rje dpal gyi yum/} Dorje Pelgyi Yum\n7){rdo rje drag mo rgyal/} Dorje Dragmo Gyai\n8){rdo rje klu mo dkar mo/} Dorje Lumo Karmo\n9){rdo rje bod khams skyong /} Dorje Bodkham Kyong\n10) {rdo rje sman gcig ma/} Dorje Men Chigma\n11) {rdo rje g.yar mo sel/} Dorje Yarmo Sil\n12) {rdo rje g.yu sgron ma/} Dorje Yudron Ma. {rdo rje g.yu sgron ma/} Dorje Yudron Ma.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/828  + (The activity of entering into practice. On … The activity of entering into practice. One of the four ways of utьizing realizations (see {spyod pa'i sgo bzhi}) according to action tantra, in which one attempts to transform oneself into a proper receptacle of initiations by means of observing the precepts connected to the respective deity after having received the initiation of that deity.ing received the initiation of that deity.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/402  + (The conduct of a [mahāsiddha]. One of the … The conduct of a [mahāsiddha]. One of the four ways of utilizing tantric realizations. An adept having actualized the feat of utilizing the sky through tantric practices, complements this with practices of the six perfections\naccording to tantra, and finally gains a state of three-fold vajra conduct of body, speech and mind of a deity.nduct of body, speech and mind of a deity.)
• Dictionaries/Tsepak Rigdzin/1460  + (The eight adornments of a Tantric Yogi.\n1 … The eight adornments of a Tantric Yogi.\n1. {spyi gtsug tu mi 'gyur rdo rje phyed pa'i chas/} a half vajra on his crown is a sign of the immutability of his goals\n2. {khams gsum zil gnon lcang lo ral pa'i chas/} his matted hair is a sign of outshining the three realms\n3. {rdzu 'phrul shugs ldan thabs shes gshog pa'i chas/} the wings of method and wisdom are a sign of his miraculous powers\n4. {pha rol dpung 'joms phyag mtshan tshogs kya chas/} the different hand [mūdras] (gestures) are a sign of overcoming the opponent forces\n5. {gzhan gyis mu thub bsrung ba go khrab chas/} his armour protects him against harms caused by others\n6. {nyam nga kun bral rtog med ro ldan chas/} he wears the skins of different beings as a sign of his freedom from all fears\n7. {'khor 'das ro snyoms khrag gzhag rgya mtsho'i chas/} he uses blood and animal fat freely as a sign of his realizations of the sameness of existence and peace\n8. {nyon mongs kun bsregs bskal pa'i me dpung chas/} he uses fire freely as a sign of his freedom from all delusions. a sign of his freedom from all delusions.)