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Lotsawa Workbench The Lotsawa Workbench is an initiative of the Tsadra Foundation research department. Currently, this is just a test and we welcome any comments and suggestions. We hope to invite collaboration from users and stakeholders from Dharma groups as well as academia. Please contact us if you are interested in developing this project with us: research AT tsadra DOT org.

Essentials
Full Entry Entry's details, including senses, etc.
Tib-Eng Tibetan-English dictionaries.
Tib-Tib Tibetan-Tibetan dictionaries.
Tib-Skt Tibetan-Sanskrit dictionaries.
Tib-Chi Tibetan-Chinese dictionaries.
TMs Translation memories (TMs) containing the current headword.
Related EntriesLists of related entries (i.e, collocations including the headword).
Scholarship Additional lexicographical resources.
དགོངས་པ་
dgongs pa


Senses


Sense 1: Mind, thought, reflection, contemplation.
Meaning definitionThis field contains the lexicographer's definition of the lemma. In the case of polysemous lexemes, each sense of the lemma has only one definition. Each sense must therefore be documented through the procedure described here and should be added to this form by selecting the option "Add a sense." Mind, thought, reflection, contemplation.
ExamplesA dictionary example aims at illustrating a specific sense or construction. Ideally, each word sense should be illustrated with a relevant example, particularly in the case of non-generic lemmas, such as technical terms, idiomatic expressions, etc. A dictionary example has two main functions: (1) It produces referenced evidence for the dictionary entry with regard to the semantic definition, the grammatical categorization, the stylistic marking, etc. (2) It facilitates the understanding of the described lemma in the user's texts. As a consequence, a dictionary example should be typical: (a) It illustrates exactly the described sense or construction of a lemma, (b) It represents a common collocation, (c) It is as simple and short as possible without any unnecessary grammatical/semantic/stylistic complications. ཐུབ་པའི་དགོངས་པའི་རྒྱན་ / munimatālaṃkāraḥ
DialectThis field is used to record forms that do not belong to standard Tibetan as found in the corpus of Buddhist literature or Central Tibetan literature. By default, the value of this field is "standard." Possible values include regional dialects. s. SociolectThis field can be used to indicate that the lemma is used by specific groups (e.g., age group), Buddhist traditions, or professions. By default, the value of this field is "standard." s.
StyleThis field documents style, register, connotations and any kind of pragmatic information. Relevant values include "honorific," "formal," "standard," "vulgar." h. Stage – Time periodThis field is mainly used for archaic language. s.
Syntactic and morphological categoryThis field refers to subcategories of a part of speech, e.g. noun, proper noun, transitive verb, etc. The taxonomy of these categories comprise standard syntactic categories. The morphological categories to be specified here include noun class, gender, possessive class, verbal voice, inflection class. An inflected word (usually a verb) may fall into diverse morphological categories at once, e.g. voice x, conjugation class y. Some may be syntactically relevant lexical classes such as the gender of a noun, others may be purely morphological classes such as inflection classes. n. Tibetan syntactic categoryThis field contains information about the Tibetan syntactic category under which the lemma is classified.
SanskritThis field documents equivalent Sanskrit term(s) with unicode diacritic marks. cintā, buddhiḥ, citta ChineseThis field documents equivalent Chinese term(s) (unicode). 密意, 爲, 意樂
MongolianThis field documents equivalent Mongolian term(s). Origin and cognatesThis field is used to document loans from other languages as well as morphologically or semantically related words from genetically related languages.
EtymologyThis field contains information on the etymology of the lemma. Morphological structureThis field contains the constituents of the lemma. In the case of a nominal compound, they represent various stems. In the case of a derivative (e.g., verbal forms), they represent a stem and a derived form. Since the items listed here can be identical to certain lemmas of the database, hyperlinks are a way to link this entry to others.
Word formationThis field documents the word-formation process at the origin of the lemma stem, e.g. reduplication, bahuvrīhi, causative, denominal, intensive, etc. DerivativesIn this field, lemmas that have the current lemma in their field "Morphological structure" are automatically referenced.
Construction FrameThis field contains information about the syntactic and semantic construction frame. For example, different syntactic constructions for verbs with regard to their complement can be documented here. This field is used to provide specify the information contained in field "Morphological structure." PhraseologyThis field lists relevant collocations in which the lemma is found. These include fixed expressions, such as technical terms, common phrases, idioms, and proverbs. If these phrases have lemma status, a link will be automatically generated.
Semantic classesEach lexical item – at least those with a lexical meaning – belongs to one or more semantic classes. For instance, bear is an animal, anger is an emotion, bsang mchod is a ritual, etc. Even a simple word with a single sense may belong to several semantic classes.
Synonyms??? Antonyms???
Hyponyms??? Hyperonyms???
Bibliographical referencesInformation on the lemma may be included in published sources, primary and secondary. In some specific cases (e.g., technical terms, specialized terminology, etc.), it can be useful to list bibliographical references to further document a specific sense of the lemma. Any resource (monograph, article, dissertation, etc.) that is used as a reference should be added to the Bibliography page of the Lotsawa Workbench.
Encyclopedic informationThis field contains information on the concept communicated by the lemma, for example, in relation to a doctrinal, ritual, or cultural background. Links to external resources can be added to this field.
PictureThis field includes visual information about the lemma.
Other LinksThis field includes any other relevant link. Insert only one link per line by separating links with a line break.
CommentThis field contains any relevant information about the lemma that is not included in the fields above. Mahāvyutpatti 2634 has smad pa as a synonym for dgongs pa in reference to the Sanskrit term vigarhaḥ, in which dgongs must be a scribal error or variant spelling of gong pa.
ProblemsThis field mentions issues and questions about the lemma that have not been resolved yet. This information is useful to produce list of lemmas requiring additional work and investigation.
Sense 2: Intention, intent.
Meaning definitionThis field contains the lexicographer's definition of the lemma. In the case of polysemous lexemes, each sense of the lemma has only one definition. Each sense must therefore be documented through the procedure described here and should be added to this form by selecting the option "Add a sense." Intention, intent.
ExamplesA dictionary example aims at illustrating a specific sense or construction. Ideally, each word sense should be illustrated with a relevant example, particularly in the case of non-generic lemmas, such as technical terms, idiomatic expressions, etc. A dictionary example has two main functions: (1) It produces referenced evidence for the dictionary entry with regard to the semantic definition, the grammatical categorization, the stylistic marking, etc. (2) It facilitates the understanding of the described lemma in the user's texts. As a consequence, a dictionary example should be typical: (a) It illustrates exactly the described sense or construction of a lemma, (b) It represents a common collocation, (c) It is as simple and short as possible without any unnecessary grammatical/semantic/stylistic complications. ཆོས་རྣམས་ངོ་བོ་ཉིད་མེད་ཆོས་རྣམས་མ་སྐྱེས་དང་། །

ཆོས་རྣམས་མ་འགགས་ཆོས་རྣམས་གཟོད་ནས་ཞི་བ་དང་། ། ཆོས་རྣམས་ཐམས་ཅད་རང་བཞིན་མྱ་ངན་འདས་པར་ནི། ། དགོངས་པ་མེད་པར་མཁས་པ་སུ་ཞིག་སྨྲ་བར་བྱེད། །

All phenomena are without an essence, unborn, Unceasing, primordially in the state of peace, And naturally in the state of nirvāṇa. What wise person would say this without an underlying intent?

DialectThis field is used to record forms that do not belong to standard Tibetan as found in the corpus of Buddhist literature or Central Tibetan literature. By default, the value of this field is "standard." Possible values include regional dialects. SociolectThis field can be used to indicate that the lemma is used by specific groups (e.g., age group), Buddhist traditions, or professions. By default, the value of this field is "standard."
StyleThis field documents style, register, connotations and any kind of pragmatic information. Relevant values include "honorific," "formal," "standard," "vulgar." h. Stage – Time periodThis field is mainly used for archaic language.
Syntactic and morphological categoryThis field refers to subcategories of a part of speech, e.g. noun, proper noun, transitive verb, etc. The taxonomy of these categories comprise standard syntactic categories. The morphological categories to be specified here include noun class, gender, possessive class, verbal voice, inflection class. An inflected word (usually a verb) may fall into diverse morphological categories at once, e.g. voice x, conjugation class y. Some may be syntactically relevant lexical classes such as the gender of a noun, others may be purely morphological classes such as inflection classes. n. Tibetan syntactic categoryThis field contains information about the Tibetan syntactic category under which the lemma is classified.
SanskritThis field documents equivalent Sanskrit term(s) with unicode diacritic marks. saṃdhi, abhiprāya, abhisaṃdhi ChineseThis field documents equivalent Chinese term(s) (unicode). 欲, 偈意, 別意
MongolianThis field documents equivalent Mongolian term(s). Origin and cognatesThis field is used to document loans from other languages as well as morphologically or semantically related words from genetically related languages.
EtymologyThis field contains information on the etymology of the lemma. Morphological structureThis field contains the constituents of the lemma. In the case of a nominal compound, they represent various stems. In the case of a derivative (e.g., verbal forms), they represent a stem and a derived form. Since the items listed here can be identical to certain lemmas of the database, hyperlinks are a way to link this entry to others.
Word formationThis field documents the word-formation process at the origin of the lemma stem, e.g. reduplication, bahuvrīhi, causative, denominal, intensive, etc. DerivativesIn this field, lemmas that have the current lemma in their field "Morphological structure" are automatically referenced.
Construction FrameThis field contains information about the syntactic and semantic construction frame. For example, different syntactic constructions for verbs with regard to their complement can be documented here. This field is used to provide specify the information contained in field "Morphological structure." PhraseologyThis field lists relevant collocations in which the lemma is found. These include fixed expressions, such as technical terms, common phrases, idioms, and proverbs. If these phrases have lemma status, a link will be automatically generated. dgongs pa nges par 'grel pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po'i mdo (Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra)
Semantic classesEach lexical item – at least those with a lexical meaning – belongs to one or more semantic classes. For instance, bear is an animal, anger is an emotion, bsang mchod is a ritual, etc. Even a simple word with a single sense may belong to several semantic classes.
Synonyms??? Antonyms???
Hyponyms??? Hyperonyms???
Bibliographical referencesInformation on the lemma may be included in published sources, primary and secondary. In some specific cases (e.g., technical terms, specialized terminology, etc.), it can be useful to list bibliographical references to further document a specific sense of the lemma. Any resource (monograph, article, dissertation, etc.) that is used as a reference should be added to the Bibliography page of the Lotsawa Workbench.
Encyclopedic informationThis field contains information on the concept communicated by the lemma, for example, in relation to a doctrinal, ritual, or cultural background. Links to external resources can be added to this field.
PictureThis field includes visual information about the lemma.
Other LinksThis field includes any other relevant link. Insert only one link per line by separating links with a line break.
CommentThis field contains any relevant information about the lemma that is not included in the fields above. The translation of the title of the Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra (Tib. dgongs pa nges par 'grel pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po'i mdo) is the object of several discussions among scholars regarding the meaning of the Sanskrit words saṃdhi and nirmocana following Lamotte's first complete translation of the text. Among the various translations into English of this Sanskrit compound, I opted for simplicity and translated the Sanskrit saṃdhinirmocanasūtra with “The Sūtra Unraveling the Intent,” which I believe renders accurately the meaning and structure of the text. Various interlocutors indeed ask the Buddha repeatedly to explain difficult points in order to clarify the purpose of his seemingly contradictory or complex doctrines on the nature of reality. On this point, see Lamotte 1935, p. 12ff., Ware 1937, Edgerton 1937, Edgerton 1953, p. 558, and later Keenan 1980, p. 126, Powers 1991a, and Powers 1993b, p. 28ff.
ProblemsThis field mentions issues and questions about the lemma that have not been resolved yet. This information is useful to produce list of lemmas requiring additional work and investigation.
Sense 3: Purpose, aim.
Meaning definitionThis field contains the lexicographer's definition of the lemma. In the case of polysemous lexemes, each sense of the lemma has only one definition. Each sense must therefore be documented through the procedure described here and should be added to this form by selecting the option "Add a sense." Purpose, aim.
ExamplesA dictionary example aims at illustrating a specific sense or construction. Ideally, each word sense should be illustrated with a relevant example, particularly in the case of non-generic lemmas, such as technical terms, idiomatic expressions, etc. A dictionary example has two main functions: (1) It produces referenced evidence for the dictionary entry with regard to the semantic definition, the grammatical categorization, the stylistic marking, etc. (2) It facilitates the understanding of the described lemma in the user's texts. As a consequence, a dictionary example should be typical: (a) It illustrates exactly the described sense or construction of a lemma, (b) It represents a common collocation, (c) It is as simple and short as possible without any unnecessary grammatical/semantic/stylistic complications. སངས་རྒྱས་སྤྱན་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཡིས་།་དེ་བས་དགོངས་པ་ཡོད་མ་ཡིན་ / buddhānāṃ cakṣurādibhirato naiva prayojanam
DialectThis field is used to record forms that do not belong to standard Tibetan as found in the corpus of Buddhist literature or Central Tibetan literature. By default, the value of this field is "standard." Possible values include regional dialects. SociolectThis field can be used to indicate that the lemma is used by specific groups (e.g., age group), Buddhist traditions, or professions. By default, the value of this field is "standard."
StyleThis field documents style, register, connotations and any kind of pragmatic information. Relevant values include "honorific," "formal," "standard," "vulgar." h. Stage – Time periodThis field is mainly used for archaic language.
Syntactic and morphological categoryThis field refers to subcategories of a part of speech, e.g. noun, proper noun, transitive verb, etc. The taxonomy of these categories comprise standard syntactic categories. The morphological categories to be specified here include noun class, gender, possessive class, verbal voice, inflection class. An inflected word (usually a verb) may fall into diverse morphological categories at once, e.g. voice x, conjugation class y. Some may be syntactically relevant lexical classes such as the gender of a noun, others may be purely morphological classes such as inflection classes. n. Tibetan syntactic categoryThis field contains information about the Tibetan syntactic category under which the lemma is classified.
SanskritThis field documents equivalent Sanskrit term(s) with unicode diacritic marks. prayojana ChineseThis field documents equivalent Chinese term(s) (unicode). 所須
MongolianThis field documents equivalent Mongolian term(s). Origin and cognatesThis field is used to document loans from other languages as well as morphologically or semantically related words from genetically related languages.
EtymologyThis field contains information on the etymology of the lemma. Morphological structureThis field contains the constituents of the lemma. In the case of a nominal compound, they represent various stems. In the case of a derivative (e.g., verbal forms), they represent a stem and a derived form. Since the items listed here can be identical to certain lemmas of the database, hyperlinks are a way to link this entry to others.
Word formationThis field documents the word-formation process at the origin of the lemma stem, e.g. reduplication, bahuvrīhi, causative, denominal, intensive, etc. DerivativesIn this field, lemmas that have the current lemma in their field "Morphological structure" are automatically referenced.
Construction FrameThis field contains information about the syntactic and semantic construction frame. For example, different syntactic constructions for verbs with regard to their complement can be documented here. This field is used to provide specify the information contained in field "Morphological structure." PhraseologyThis field lists relevant collocations in which the lemma is found. These include fixed expressions, such as technical terms, common phrases, idioms, and proverbs. If these phrases have lemma status, a link will be automatically generated.
Semantic classesEach lexical item – at least those with a lexical meaning – belongs to one or more semantic classes. For instance, bear is an animal, anger is an emotion, bsang mchod is a ritual, etc. Even a simple word with a single sense may belong to several semantic classes.
Synonyms??? Antonyms???
Hyponyms??? Hyperonyms???
Bibliographical referencesInformation on the lemma may be included in published sources, primary and secondary. In some specific cases (e.g., technical terms, specialized terminology, etc.), it can be useful to list bibliographical references to further document a specific sense of the lemma. Any resource (monograph, article, dissertation, etc.) that is used as a reference should be added to the Bibliography page of the Lotsawa Workbench.
Encyclopedic informationThis field contains information on the concept communicated by the lemma, for example, in relation to a doctrinal, ritual, or cultural background. Links to external resources can be added to this field.
PictureThis field includes visual information about the lemma.
Other LinksThis field includes any other relevant link. Insert only one link per line by separating links with a line break.
CommentThis field contains any relevant information about the lemma that is not included in the fields above.
ProblemsThis field mentions issues and questions about the lemma that have not been resolved yet. This information is useful to produce list of lemmas requiring additional work and investigation.
Sense 4: Understanding, realization.
Meaning definitionThis field contains the lexicographer's definition of the lemma. In the case of polysemous lexemes, each sense of the lemma has only one definition. Each sense must therefore be documented through the procedure described here and should be added to this form by selecting the option "Add a sense." Understanding, realization.
ExamplesA dictionary example aims at illustrating a specific sense or construction. Ideally, each word sense should be illustrated with a relevant example, particularly in the case of non-generic lemmas, such as technical terms, idiomatic expressions, etc. A dictionary example has two main functions: (1) It produces referenced evidence for the dictionary entry with regard to the semantic definition, the grammatical categorization, the stylistic marking, etc. (2) It facilitates the understanding of the described lemma in the user's texts. As a consequence, a dictionary example should be typical: (a) It illustrates exactly the described sense or construction of a lemma, (b) It represents a common collocation, (c) It is as simple and short as possible without any unnecessary grammatical/semantic/stylistic complications. གང་ཚེ་ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་དགོངས་པའི་དཀྱེལ་གཏིང་དང་ཕ་རོལ་མེད་བརྟགས་ན་ / yadā te buddhigāmbhīryamagādhāpāramīkṣyate
DialectThis field is used to record forms that do not belong to standard Tibetan as found in the corpus of Buddhist literature or Central Tibetan literature. By default, the value of this field is "standard." Possible values include regional dialects. SociolectThis field can be used to indicate that the lemma is used by specific groups (e.g., age group), Buddhist traditions, or professions. By default, the value of this field is "standard."
StyleThis field documents style, register, connotations and any kind of pragmatic information. Relevant values include "honorific," "formal," "standard," "vulgar." h. Stage – Time periodThis field is mainly used for archaic language.
Syntactic and morphological categoryThis field refers to subcategories of a part of speech, e.g. noun, proper noun, transitive verb, etc. The taxonomy of these categories comprise standard syntactic categories. The morphological categories to be specified here include noun class, gender, possessive class, verbal voice, inflection class. An inflected word (usually a verb) may fall into diverse morphological categories at once, e.g. voice x, conjugation class y. Some may be syntactically relevant lexical classes such as the gender of a noun, others may be purely morphological classes such as inflection classes. n. Tibetan syntactic categoryThis field contains information about the Tibetan syntactic category under which the lemma is classified.
SanskritThis field documents equivalent Sanskrit term(s) with unicode diacritic marks. buddhiḥ ChineseThis field documents equivalent Chinese term(s) (unicode). 達
MongolianThis field documents equivalent Mongolian term(s). Origin and cognatesThis field is used to document loans from other languages as well as morphologically or semantically related words from genetically related languages.
EtymologyThis field contains information on the etymology of the lemma. Morphological structureThis field contains the constituents of the lemma. In the case of a nominal compound, they represent various stems. In the case of a derivative (e.g., verbal forms), they represent a stem and a derived form. Since the items listed here can be identical to certain lemmas of the database, hyperlinks are a way to link this entry to others.
Word formationThis field documents the word-formation process at the origin of the lemma stem, e.g. reduplication, bahuvrīhi, causative, denominal, intensive, etc. DerivativesIn this field, lemmas that have the current lemma in their field "Morphological structure" are automatically referenced.
Construction FrameThis field contains information about the syntactic and semantic construction frame. For example, different syntactic constructions for verbs with regard to their complement can be documented here. This field is used to provide specify the information contained in field "Morphological structure." PhraseologyThis field lists relevant collocations in which the lemma is found. These include fixed expressions, such as technical terms, common phrases, idioms, and proverbs. If these phrases have lemma status, a link will be automatically generated.
Semantic classesEach lexical item – at least those with a lexical meaning – belongs to one or more semantic classes. For instance, bear is an animal, anger is an emotion, bsang mchod is a ritual, etc. Even a simple word with a single sense may belong to several semantic classes.
Synonyms??? Antonyms???
Hyponyms??? Hyperonyms???
Bibliographical referencesInformation on the lemma may be included in published sources, primary and secondary. In some specific cases (e.g., technical terms, specialized terminology, etc.), it can be useful to list bibliographical references to further document a specific sense of the lemma. Any resource (monograph, article, dissertation, etc.) that is used as a reference should be added to the Bibliography page of the Lotsawa Workbench.
Encyclopedic informationThis field contains information on the concept communicated by the lemma, for example, in relation to a doctrinal, ritual, or cultural background. Links to external resources can be added to this field.
PictureThis field includes visual information about the lemma.
Other LinksThis field includes any other relevant link. Insert only one link per line by separating links with a line break.
CommentThis field contains any relevant information about the lemma that is not included in the fields above.
ProblemsThis field mentions issues and questions about the lemma that have not been resolved yet. This information is useful to produce list of lemmas requiring additional work and investigation.
Sense 5: Remembrance, reminiscence, memory.
Meaning definitionThis field contains the lexicographer's definition of the lemma. In the case of polysemous lexemes, each sense of the lemma has only one definition. Each sense must therefore be documented through the procedure described here and should be added to this form by selecting the option "Add a sense." Remembrance, reminiscence, memory.
ExamplesA dictionary example aims at illustrating a specific sense or construction. Ideally, each word sense should be illustrated with a relevant example, particularly in the case of non-generic lemmas, such as technical terms, idiomatic expressions, etc. A dictionary example has two main functions: (1) It produces referenced evidence for the dictionary entry with regard to the semantic definition, the grammatical categorization, the stylistic marking, etc. (2) It facilitates the understanding of the described lemma in the user's texts. As a consequence, a dictionary example should be typical: (a) It illustrates exactly the described sense or construction of a lemma, (b) It represents a common collocation, (c) It is as simple and short as possible without any unnecessary grammatical/semantic/stylistic complications. ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་བློ་གྲོས་དགོངས་པ་དག་རྣམ་དག་བྱིས་པའི་བར་ལ་གྲགས་ / ābālebhyaḥ prasiddhāste matismṛtiviśuddhayaḥ
DialectThis field is used to record forms that do not belong to standard Tibetan as found in the corpus of Buddhist literature or Central Tibetan literature. By default, the value of this field is "standard." Possible values include regional dialects. SociolectThis field can be used to indicate that the lemma is used by specific groups (e.g., age group), Buddhist traditions, or professions. By default, the value of this field is "standard."
StyleThis field documents style, register, connotations and any kind of pragmatic information. Relevant values include "honorific," "formal," "standard," "vulgar." h. Stage – Time periodThis field is mainly used for archaic language.
Syntactic and morphological categoryThis field refers to subcategories of a part of speech, e.g. noun, proper noun, transitive verb, etc. The taxonomy of these categories comprise standard syntactic categories. The morphological categories to be specified here include noun class, gender, possessive class, verbal voice, inflection class. An inflected word (usually a verb) may fall into diverse morphological categories at once, e.g. voice x, conjugation class y. Some may be syntactically relevant lexical classes such as the gender of a noun, others may be purely morphological classes such as inflection classes. n. Tibetan syntactic categoryThis field contains information about the Tibetan syntactic category under which the lemma is classified.
SanskritThis field documents equivalent Sanskrit term(s) with unicode diacritic marks. matismṛtiḥ, smṛtiḥ ChineseThis field documents equivalent Chinese term(s) (unicode). 念
MongolianThis field documents equivalent Mongolian term(s). Origin and cognatesThis field is used to document loans from other languages as well as morphologically or semantically related words from genetically related languages.
EtymologyThis field contains information on the etymology of the lemma. Morphological structureThis field contains the constituents of the lemma. In the case of a nominal compound, they represent various stems. In the case of a derivative (e.g., verbal forms), they represent a stem and a derived form. Since the items listed here can be identical to certain lemmas of the database, hyperlinks are a way to link this entry to others.
Word formationThis field documents the word-formation process at the origin of the lemma stem, e.g. reduplication, bahuvrīhi, causative, denominal, intensive, etc. DerivativesIn this field, lemmas that have the current lemma in their field "Morphological structure" are automatically referenced.
Construction FrameThis field contains information about the syntactic and semantic construction frame. For example, different syntactic constructions for verbs with regard to their complement can be documented here. This field is used to provide specify the information contained in field "Morphological structure." PhraseologyThis field lists relevant collocations in which the lemma is found. These include fixed expressions, such as technical terms, common phrases, idioms, and proverbs. If these phrases have lemma status, a link will be automatically generated.
Semantic classesEach lexical item – at least those with a lexical meaning – belongs to one or more semantic classes. For instance, bear is an animal, anger is an emotion, bsang mchod is a ritual, etc. Even a simple word with a single sense may belong to several semantic classes.
Synonyms??? Antonyms???
Hyponyms??? Hyperonyms???
Bibliographical referencesInformation on the lemma may be included in published sources, primary and secondary. In some specific cases (e.g., technical terms, specialized terminology, etc.), it can be useful to list bibliographical references to further document a specific sense of the lemma. Any resource (monograph, article, dissertation, etc.) that is used as a reference should be added to the Bibliography page of the Lotsawa Workbench.
Encyclopedic informationThis field contains information on the concept communicated by the lemma, for example, in relation to a doctrinal, ritual, or cultural background. Links to external resources can be added to this field.
PictureThis field includes visual information about the lemma.
Other LinksThis field includes any other relevant link. Insert only one link per line by separating links with a line break.
CommentThis field contains any relevant information about the lemma that is not included in the fields above.
ProblemsThis field mentions issues and questions about the lemma that have not been resolved yet. This information is useful to produce list of lemmas requiring additional work and investigation.




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