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| '''1. The Alphabet.''' The Tibetan Alphabet was adapted from the ''[[la nya tsha]]'' form of the Indian letters by ''[[thon mi sam bho ta]]'' minister of king ''[[srong btsan sgam po]]'' about the year 632 ([[Abbreviations|s.]] [[Abbreviations|Kopp.]] II, 56). The Indian letters out of which the single Tibetan characters were formed are given in the following table in their Nāgari shape.<BR><BR>
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| (See our own '[[Standard & Extended Wylie diagrams Sambhota]]' for images of the Tibetan script and how it relatse to the Wylie transliteration used on this wiki.)<BR><BR>
| | [[Category:Terma]][[Category:Key Terms]][[Category:Glossary]][[Category:Dictionary]][[Category:Nyingma]][[Category:Dzogchen]][[Category:Nyingma Lineages]][[Category:Buddhist Literature]][[Category:Nyingma Literature]][[Category:Dzogchen Literature]] |
| | | [[Category:Lineages & Teachings]] |
| It is seen in this table that several signs have been added to express sounds that are unknown in [[Sanscrit]]. The sibilants ''[[:Category:tsa|tsa]] [[:Category:tsha|tsha]] [[:Category:dza|dza]]'' evidently were differentiated from the palatals of the original (as in ''tsi na'' for [[character omitted]]), we must suppose that the sibilisation of those consonants, common at present among the Hindus on the Southern slopes of the [[Himālaya]] (who speak tsār for [[character omitted]], four etc.), was in general use with those Indians from whom the Tib. Alphabet was taken ([[Abbreviations|cf.]] also the Afghan [[character omitted]] and [[character omitted]] likewise sprung from [[character omitted]] and [[character omitted]]). ''[[:Category:wa|wa]]'' is differentiated from ''[[:Category:ba|ba]]'', which itself often is pronouned v, as shewn in the sequel; in transcribing [[Sanscrit]], [[character omitted]] and [[character omitted]] both are given, generally, by [[:Category:ba|ba]] only. ''[[:Category:zha|zha]]'' seems to be formed out of ''[[:Category:sha|sha]]'' to which it is related in sound. ''[[:Category:za|za]]'' evidently is only the inverted ''[[:Category:ja|ja]]''. ''[[:Category:a|a]]'' corresponds with [[Sanscrit]] [[character omitted]]. ''[[:Category:'a|'a]]'' is newly invented; for its functions see the follwing &&. - The letters which are peculiar to Sanscrit are expressed, in transcribing, in the following manner. a) The linguals, simply by inverting the signs of the dentals: thus, ''Ta'' [[character omitted]], ''THa'' [[character omitted]], ''Da'' [[character omitted]], ''Na'' [[character omitted]]. b) The sonant aspirates, by putting ''[[:Category:ha|ha]]'' under the sonants: thus, ''gha'' [[character omitted]], ''dzha'' [[character omitted]], ''Dha'' [[character omitted]], ''dha'' [[character omitted]], ''bha'' [[character omitted]].<BR><BR>
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| - A very clear exposition of the ramification of Indian alphabets by Dr. Haas is to be found in the Publications of the Palaeographical Society Oriental Series IV, pl XLIV.
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| <BR><BR>Click here to go to the front page of the [[Second Edition of H.A. Jaeschke's 'Tibetan Grammar']]
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