Bhumis
bodhisattva-bhumi Bodhisattva bhumis by Asanga [IW]
Bodhisattva Levels; Bodhisattva Bhumi; by Asanga, 4th century [RY]
Bodhisattva Bhumi; bodhisattva-bhumi, Bodhisattva Stages by Asanga [RY]
Ten Bodhisattva Levels (sa bcu)
- The Sanskrit term bhūmi literally means earth, soil, land, ground, or level. Within the Buddhist context, it may denote either the ten causal levels traversed by bodhisattvas or the additional six resultant levels traversed by buddhas. For an enumeration of the latter, see under buddha levels. Mahāyāna literature speaks of ten progressive levels (daśabhūmi) of realisation through which individual bodhisattvas pass as they journey towards full enlightenment. These are, in their proper sequence: 1) Joyful (pramuditā), 2) Immaculate (vimalā), 3) Illuminating (prabhākarī), 4) Radiant (arciṣmatī), 5) Difficult to Overcome (sudurjayā), 6) Manifest (abhimukhī), 7) Far-reaching (duraṅgamā), 8) Unmoving (acalā), 9) Excellent Intelligence (sādhumatī), and 10) Clouds of Sacred Doctrine (dharmameghā). In the context of the five bodhisattva paths, these ten levels start from the third path, i.e. the path of insight, commencing with the initial experience of a direct realisation of emptiness. The Sūtra of the Ten Bodhisattva Levels (Daśabhūmikasūtra), which is a section of the Sūtra of the Great Bounteousness of the Buddhas (Avataṃsakasūtra), is the basis for subsequent commentarial discussions of the ten levels, such as Nāgārjuna's Jewel Garland (Ratnāvalī), Candrakīrti's Introduction to Madhyamaka (Madhyamakāvatāra), and Asaṅga's Bodhisattva Levels (Bodhisattvabhūmi). GD (from the Glossary to Tibetan Elemental Divination Paintings)
1. "The Joyous": Having tasted shunyata (see also emptiness), we are joyous. Here, the main practice is to perfect the Generosity Paramita. You might be born as a King in the Human Realm and have lots of chances to practice generosity! Now on the Path of Seeing, we can start the Path of Meditation.
2. "The Stainless": At this bhumi, the main practice is the perfection of Shila [discipline of vows, or conduct] because of which you are free of anxiety and the 3 Poisons [negative tendencies, obscurations]. You might be born as a chakravartin (King bearing the noble marks of an emperor, like Siddartha Gautama Shakya), whose power and enjoyment are challenged by the practice of discipline and precept-keeping.
3. "The Luminous": Here, we try to perfect Patience or equanimity. This is the source of the luminosity. You might be born as Indra, King of gods, who is called Shakra, -- opposer of the Asuras.
4. "The Radiant": After the 3rd Bhumi, the Nirmanakaya aspect of Buddhahood has been perfected. But there are two more Kayas, therefore, the Paramita to perfect here is that of Exertion (or Diligence). This activity in the service of virtue creates a radiance of wisdom which burns away false concepts and the process of false conceptualization. Here, you might be reborn as Shyama, a deity in the "Continuous Peaceful Realm").
5. "The Unconquerable": Driven by exertion, you perfect dhyana [meditation] and other skillful means in preparation for the helping of all sentient beings. The word unconquerable refers to both the difficulty of achieving the state of dhyani and the state of the being having now achieved this goal. Now it is possible to be born as a god in the Tushita Heavens where you can observe the Six realms and the interplay of dharmas.
6. "The Manifest": The intense practice of dhyana and other skills enables you to be reborn as a God-king who can manifest miraculous activity. The Paramita of Prajna is to be perfected.
7. "The Gone-Afar": Having perfected the Six Paramitas, we now possess both wisdom and skill. This is a plateau below which you will not fall from, but there is still room for effort.
In the 10 Paramita system, the perfection is that of Skillful Means needed to overcome Mara who provides opportunities for others to act in opposition.
It is said that once the 7th Bhumi is attained, the Buddhas prophesize concerning your achieving Buddhahood, and will indicate your Buddha-Name and circumstances.
In a former life, Lord Shakyamuni received this prophecy after having presented 4 golden flowers to the Buddha of that aeon.
8. "The Immovable": At the Eighth Bhumi, you can enter Nirvana at the snap of a finger; so Tathagatas come and click you out of it, reminding you of your aspiration and the work still ahead. But they cannot force you to remain, therefore the virtue is that of firmness of Aspiration.
You might be reborn as Brahma, Lord of the Universe.
9. "The Good-Wisdom": Almost ready for Buddhahood, you practice the acquisition of the Ten Powers and Six Supernatural Powers. You might also be reborn as Brahma.
10. "The Dharma-Cloud": All the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas rejoice in your elation at having attained Buddhahood completely. Primordial awareness [dhyani/jnana] clears away whatever subtle defilements and tendencies might still be retained. You, like Lord Maitreya in the Tushita Heavens, await your turn. This is also the beginning of the Path of Non-Meditation.