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The Rangjung Yeshe Gilded Palace of Dharmic Activity (Front Cover)

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Rabjam Gyurme Kunsang Namgyal (rab 'byams kun bzang rnam rgyal), founded Shechen Monastery in 1735: 1713-1769 [MR]

Rabjam Tenpai Gyaltsen (rab 'byams bstan pa'i rgyal mtshan):17th century [MR]

Radiant ('od byed pa). The third of the ten bhumis. [RY]

Radiant Lamp (sgron gsal); quotation from; [LWx] [RY]

Radiant Lamp of Jewels [LW1] [RY]

Radiant Lamp of Jewels [LWx] [RY]

Radiant Mirror (don gsal me long), a life story of Padmasambhava by Pema Lingpa (1450-1521). Tibetan title: u rgyan slob dpon pad-ma 'byung gnas kyi 'khrungs rabs chen mo zhes bya ba sangs rgyas bstan pa'i byung khung mun sel sgron me las rnam thar don gsal me long. A terma text in two volumes revealed at Samye by Pema Lingpa. Gangtok, 1977. [ZL] [RY]

Radiant Vajra Essence - Ösel Dorje Nyingpo ('od gsal rdo rje snying po) is an appellation of the Great Perfection (rdzogs pa chen po). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Radiant; bhumi [LW1] [RY]

Raga Asye (chags med). The 'Unattached One.' The Sanskrit name of Karma Chagmey. [RY]

Raga. Lit. 'tint, color'. A mode in Indian classical music. [RY]

Rahu (bza'), another name for Vishnu (khyab 'jug), is said to cause stroke and epilepsy, as well as solar and lunar eclipses (see chap.6, note 48). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

rahu and tsen spirits are part of the "eight classes of gods and raksas" (lha srin sde brgyad). See Glossary of Enumerations. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Rahula (gza'). One of the eight classes of gods and demons. [ZL] [RY]

rahula [LW1] [RY]

Rahulabhadra - Capital of Magadha at the time of the Buddha; site of the teaching of the Prajnaparamita and location of the First Council [RY]

Rahulabhadra - Early Mahayana master, also known as Saraha; holder of the Mulasarvastivadin Vinaya lineage and teacher of Nagarjuna. [Tarthang]

Rain of Wisdom (bka' brgyud mgur mtsho). A collection of songs of the masters of the Kagyu Lineages. Shambhala Publications. [RY]

Rainbow Body ('ja' lus) the transformation of the bodily substance into multi-hued light. [RY]

Rainbow body ('ja' lus). At the time of death of a practitioner who has reached the exhaustion of all grasping and fixation through the Dzogchen practice of Tögal, the five gross elements which form the physical body, dissolve back into their essences, five-colored light. Sometimes only the hair and the nails are left behind. [RY]

Rainbow Body ('ja' lus). Passing away in a mass of rainbow light and leaving no corpse behind. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

rainbow body ('ja' lus); sixteenth bhumi [LW1] [RY]

Rainbow Body of Great Transformation ('ja' lus 'pho ba chen po). When, through having performed the ultimate practices of the Great Perfection, a yogin is on the verge of dissolving his or her body into rainbow light, he may concentrate awareness on the tips of the finger nails (which are considered dead parts of the body). As with Vimalamitra and Guru Padmasambhava, doing so results in a body of light remaining visible for the sake of all sentient beings. This is the wisdom form called the Rainbow Body of Great Transformation ('ja' lus 'pho ba chen po). If the yogin chooses not to do this concentration, as with Chetsun Senge Wangchuk (lce btsun seng ge dbang phyug 10th-11th cent.), his body will dissolve entirely into light. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

rainbow body. At the time of death of a practitioner who has reached the exhaustion of all grasping and fixation through the Dzogchen practice of Tögal, the five gross elements which form the physical body, dissolve back into their essences, five-colored light. Sometimes only the hair and the nails are left behind.[Primer] [RY]

rainbow body; mention of [LWx] [RY]

Rajagriha Council: 483 BC [MR]

Raksasa (raksas, raksasa; srin po). 'Guarding; to be guarded against'. An evil being or demon. Some say there are also benevolent raksasas, of a semi-divine nature like the yakshas. [RY]

Raksha (srin po). One of the eight classes of gods and demons. Also the cannibal savages inhabiting the southwestern continent of Chamara. At times 'raksha' refers to the unruly and untamed expression of ignorance and disturbing emotions. [ZL] [RY]

Raksha rosary (rak sha phreng ba). A mala made of a certain dried fruit. [RY]

Raksha Tötreng (rak sha thod phreng). One of the 12 manifestations of Guru Rinpoche. [RY]

Raksha Tötreng, the king of the rakshas. [Daki] [RY]

Rakshas (srin po). An evil being or demon. [RY]

rakshasa (srin po) [LW1] [RY]

Rakta {rak ta}. Inner offering symbolizing blood. [RY]

rakta of the "six causes" liberated through being slain. The Rakta of the six causes of Samsara. These six causes are the six kleshas or mental afflictions: There are at least three different enumerations of these six. In a Vajrayana context, they are taught in relation to the six syllables of the mani mantra and the six realms of samsara. In these explanations there are the more common set of five kleshas (taught in relation to the five Buddha families): ignorance, anger, pride, desire, and envy. Added to these are either doubt (for the human realm, as for example in the 15th Karmapa's short instruction text on the practice of Avalokiteshvara), or miserliness (for the preta realm, desire being associated with the human realm). In the Abhidharma, the six root kleshas are described as being ignorance, anger, desire, pride, uncertainty and wrong views. [Peter Roberts]

rakta that contains the thirty-five ingredients. The thirty-five ingredients of rakta (literally "blood", though the highly charged Tantric terminology should not be taken literally. This "blood-offering" is in fact meant to be seen as the offering of the blood of the slain mind-poisons of ignorance, pride, anger, attachment and envy.): / The first ingredient actually consists of three kinds of rakta : A) "The rakta of completely pure space" which means ideally blood from the lotus of a dakini such as Padmakara's consort, Yeshe Tsogyal (space and lotus being euphemisms for vagina), or otherwise the first menstrual blood of a human yogini with special characteristics, or otherwise the menstrual blood of a virgin of a good family, or otherwise of a healthy female of a good family, or otherwise sindhura (see the following note) from a powerful sacred place. / B) "The Rakta of Existence", which is natural bitumen, said to originate from the menstrual blood of the Consorts of the Buddhas of the four directions: Buddha-Lochana, Mamaki, Pandara and Samaya-Tara, who are the consorts of Akshobhya (east), Ratnasambhava (south), Amitabha (west) and Amoghasiddhi (north). / 3) "The Secret-Channel Rakta", which is the heart-blood from the life-channel (the aorta) of someone who has died of old age. This is also called "The Channel-Rakta of the twelve phases of interdependent origination", because all twelve, from ignorance to death, are complete within it. / The next ten ingredients are "fixatives" for the root ingredient. They are such substances as red sandalwood, safflower, cloves, nutmeg, pomegranate and mulberry leaves. / The other twenty-five ingredients are the "branch ingredients" and are five groups of five substances, all called "The Rakta (blood) for which no life has been taken". That is they are all natural substances. there are five kinds of stone-rakta, such as vermilion and red ochre; five kinds of wood-rakta, such as lac, sandalwood and wolfsbane; five juice-raktas, such as musk, raw sugar and honey; five fruit-raktas, such as raisins, barberries and emblic myrobalan; and five flower-raktas, such as Incarvillea. / There is a special method to prepare and bless these substances, therefore their acquisition and processing is a specialist task. A practitioner therefore relies upon a little ready-prepared rakta being supplied. / This is also the case for the dharma-medicine used for the amrita, which requires an even greater range of ingredients. [Peter Roberts]

rakta that has sindhura as an ingredient. Sindhura literally means "sediment from the banks of the Indus", a red earth from a place sacred to Vajrayogini, though the word is used for sacred red earth from any place. Lead oxide (red-lead powder) is often used as a substitute. [Peter Roberts]

rakta. Rakta: "the blood of the slain kleshas". [Peter Roberts]

Ralpachen (ral pa can). (815-841) or (866-901). The third great Dharma King of Tibet. He supported the standardization of new grammar and vocabulary for translation and the revision of old translations. He renewed old centers for learning and practice and invited many Buddhist scholars to Tibet. He was renowned for his devotion to the Dharma and is regarded as an incarnation of Vajrapani. [ZL] [RY]

Ralpachen (ral pa can). 9th century. The third great Dharma King, who supported the standardization of new grammar and vocabulary for translation and the revision of old translations. He renewed old centers and invited many Buddhist scholars to Tibet. He was renowned for his devotion to the Dharma; regarded as an incarnation of Vajrapani. [* rewrite] [RY]

Ralpachen / Ral pa can - Third great Dharma king of Tibet, who presided over a period of intense translation activity; regarded as an incarnation of Vajrapani [RY]

Ralpachen: 815-838 (reign) [MR]

Rama Khamchaeng - Twelfth century Thai king; convert to Theravada [RY]

Ramoche founded: 641 [MR]

Ramoche Temple; (ra mo che) Ramoche is located to the east of the Potala and the north of the Jokhang. It was built at the same time as the Jokhang by the King Songsen Gampo's Chinese Queen, Wengchen Kongjo (Gyasa). It first housed the maing image of Jowo Shakyamuni, which Wengchen brought from China as her dowry. But soon after Songsen Gampo's death it was exchanged with the smaller Jowo which was then in the Jokhang, and became known from the onwards at the Smaller Jowo of Ramoche. The Ramoche Jowo, which was brought as her dowry by Bhrikuti, the King' Nepali wife was a statue of Akshobya. [MR]

Ramochey (ra mo che). One of two important temples in Lhasa housing the statue of Buddha Shakyamuni brought to Tibet by the queens of King Songtsen Gampo. [ZL] [RY]

Ramochey Temple [LW1] [RY]

Rampant Elephant Tantra (glang po che rab 'bog gi rgyud). A Mahayoga scripture. A tantra of this title is found in Vol. DZA of the Nyingma Gyübum. [ZL] [RY]

Rangdrol (rang grol). 'Self-liberated' or 'spontaneously freed.' [RY]

Rangjung Dorje (rang byung Dorje). The third Karmapa. [RY]

Rangjung Gyalmo (rang byung rgyal mo) A mahakali, consort of Pernakchen x ber nag can), the central mahakala of the Karma Kagyu. [Rain of Wisdom]

Rangjung Rigpey Dorje. [RY]

Rangjung Rigpey Dorje; his lineage for Lamrim Yeshe Nyingpo [LW1] [RY]

Rangjung Rigpey Dorje; lineage for Lamrim Yeshe Nyingpo; [LWx] [RY]

Rangjung Rikpai Dorje, Karmapa XVI: 1924-1981 [MR]

Rangnang/Personal Experience (rang snang). Exemplified by the dream experience, this term is sometimes translated as 'one's own projection' or 'self-display.'[AL] [RY]

Rangshar Tantra (rang shar gyi rgyud). One of the Seventeen Dzogchen tantras. [RY]

Rangtong (rang stong). An aspect of the Madhyamaka school in Tibet focusing on emptiness devoid of inherent existence. Compare with Shentong. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Ransom Ceremony - the Bon practice of offering the skin of another living being to disease-causing demons to effect a cure; the skin is the substitute or ransom for the man. [RY]

Ransom offerings" (sku glud) [RY]

Ransom ritual (glud). See chap.6, note 43. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

ransoming of life. Ransoming of life, is the buying and setting free of an animal or fish that would otherwise be slaughtered. In Tibet this would involve an animal being blessed by a lama and having a specific marker attached to it before it was set free, so that everyone would recognise it as a ransomed animal and respect its freedom to live. [Peter Roberts]

Ransoming ritual (glud), a ritual in which an effigy of a person, together with some offerings, are presented to the Lord of Death as a ransom and substitute for that person. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Ranyong Namkha Palzang (ra myong nam mkha' dpal bzang), 11th throne holder of Drug Sangnag Chöling : 1398-1425 [MR]

Rasa Trulnang (ra sa 'phrul snang). A famous temple in Lhasa built by King Songtsen Gampo. [RY]

Rasa Trulnang Tsuklagkhang (ra sa 'phrul snang gtsug lag khang), the "Goat Field's Manifested Temple," is commonly known as the Jokhang (jo khang, see note 12) from the name of its central chapel. To shelter the most precious statue of Tibet, the Jowo Sakyamuni (see above note 13), King Songtsen Gampo, through his miraculous powers, had this temple built with the earth carried by a single goat. The "Goat Field" (ra sa) is the ancient name of the place. It later was called the "God's (i.e. King's) Field" (lha sa). For a detailed history of the Jokhang and its successive renovations see Vitali (1990). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

rasana (ro ma) The main right nadi. See also nadi, prana, and bindu. [Rain of Wisdom]

rasayana (bcud len) An ascetic practice in which one takes only prepared food pills as sustenance. The food pills form a graded regimen. One starts with pills made of vegetable matter and gradully works up to pills made entirely of minerals. [Rain of Wisdom]

Rasayana (Skt., bcud len). See 'extracting essences.' [RY]

Ratna (rin chen), dkon mchog). Jewel, precious. [ZL] [RY]

Ratna family (rin chen gyi rigs). One of the five buddha families. [RY]

Ratna Karanda Sutra (dkon mchog za ma tog) [LW1] [RY]

Ratna Karanda Sutra (dkon mchog za ma tog); quotation from [LWx] [RY]

Ratna Lingpa (rat na gling pa): 1403-1478 [MR]

Ratna Shri (dkon mchog dpal sgron). The daughter of Chokgyur Lingpa. [RY]

Ratnakuta (dkon brtsegs) [LW1] [RY]

Ratnakuta (dkon mchog brtsegs pa) Also known as the Maharatnakuta sutra, an important collection of forty-nine Mahayana sutras. [Rain of Wisdom]

Ratnakuta [LWx] [RY]

Ratnakuta Sutra (mdo dkon mchog brtsegs pa). [EMP] [RY]

Ratnamegha (dkon mchog sprin). 'See [LW1] [RY]

Ratnamegha (dkon mchog sprin); expl.; quotation from [LWx] [RY]

Ratna's History of the Dharma (rat na'i chos 'byung) [LW1] [RY]

Ratna's History of the Dharma (rat-na'i chos 'byung) [LWx] [RY]

Ratnasambhava (rin 'byung). N. of a Buddha, Lord of the Jewel Family. [RY]

Ratnasambhava (rin chen 'byung dan); jewel origin) The sambhogakaya buddha of the ratna family. See also buddha family. [Rain of Wisdom]

Ratnasambhava (rin chen 'byung gnas) one of the five Dhyanibuddhas. [RY]

Ratnasambhava (rin chen 'byung gnas). One of the five buddha aspects, the chief figure of the ratna family. [RY]

Ratnavali (rin chen phreng ba); quotation from [LWx] [RY]

Ratnavali. See Precious Garland [LW1] [RY]

Ratön Tertön (rwa ston gter ston), see Translator's Introduction, note 41. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Razor Scriptures (spu gri). [ZL] [RY]

Reaching Far; bhumi [LW1] [RY]

Reading transmission (lung). The transmission of authorization to study a scripture by listening to it being read aloud. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Real and imagined offerings refers to visualizing boundless offerings of all kinds filling the sky, in addition to the material offerings one makes. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Realization (rtogs pa). The third stage in the sequence of understanding, experience, and realization. [RY]

Realized (mngon du gyur pa). The sixth of the ten bhumis. [RY]

Realized person (rtogs ldan). A title of someone who has realization in Vajrayana practice. Can also refer to a yogin-monk in the Drukpa Kagyu lineage. [RY]

Realized; bhumi [LW1] [RY]

Realizing the view (lta ba rtogs pa). [RY]

Realm {khams}. The six realms of existence, which are hells, pretas, animals, humans, asuras and gods. [RY]

Realm of Akanishta ('og min gyi zhing). See 'Akanishta.' [RY]

Realm of Desire ('dod khams); expl. [LWx] [RY]

Realm of Desire; see 'three realms' [LWx] [RY]

Realm of Form (gzugs kyi khams); expl. [LWx] [RY]

Realm of Form; abodes of; see 'three realms' [LWx] [RY]

Realm of Formlessness (gzugs med khams); expl. [LWx] [RY]

Realm of Formlessness; see 'three realms' [LWx] [RY]

Realm of phenomena (chos kyi dbyings). See 'dharmadhatu.' [RY]

Realm of the Luminous Vajra Essence is the dharmakaya realm. [RY]

Realms (khams); of Desire [LW1] [RY]

Realms of Desire ('dod khams) - Comprised of the abodes of hell beings, hungry ghosts, animals, humans, asuras, and the gods of the six abodes of Desire gods. It is called 'desire realm' because the beings there are tormented by the mental pain of desire and attachment to material substance.[AL] [RY]

Realms of Desire ('dod khams). See also 'Desire Realm.' [RY]

Realms of Form (gzugs khams). Seventeen samsaric heavenly abodes consisting of the threefold four Dhyana Realms and the five Pure Abodes. A subtle divine state of samsaric existence between the desire realm and the formless realm, where sense of smell, sense of taste and sexual organs are absent. The beings there have bodies of light, long lives and no painful sensations. Unwholesome mental factors such as attachment cannot arise.[AL] [RY]

Realms of Form (gzugs kyi khams). See 'Form Realm.' [RY] Realms of Form (gzugs kyi khams). Seventeen samsaric heavenly abodes consisting of the threefold four dhyana realms and the five pure abodes. The beings there have bodies of light, long lives and no painful sensations. [RY]

Realms of Form; seventeen abodes [LW1] [RY]

Realms of Formlessness; expl. [LW1] [RY]

Realms of the five families of Maha Brahma (tshangs chen rigs lnga'i zhing) are Sukhavati and so forth with the five teachers being the five buddha families of Amitabha, etc. [RY]

Realms of woe. =The three ill destinies, see Destiny. [RY]

Realms, three (dhatu, khams; bhava, srid (pa)). Desire Real, Form R., Formless R. [RY]

recall (gzungs). See also dharani [LW1] [RY]

recall; expl. [LWx] [RY]

receiving siddhis (dngos grub len chog). The visualisation of receiving the empowerments form the Guru. [Peter Roberts]

Rechungpa - The long-life empowerment, according to the tradition of the "Sole Mother Queen of the Siddhas" (ma gcig grub pa'i rgyal mo), is an important longevity practice in the Kagyu lineage. When Rechungpa, Milarepa's moon-like disciple, was struck by leprosy he was sent to India to find a cure for his illness. There he met the Indian master known as Guru Balachandra (bla ma ba la tsan dra). One day Balachandra told Rechungpa, "Today, you must go to the Happy City (dga' ba)." There Rechungpa met an Indian ascetic, wearing a deerskin on his shoulder, who was blowing a thighbone trumpet. Staring piercingly at Rechungpa, the ascetic told him: "You have only seven months more to live." Filled with anxiety, Rechungpa came back to Balachandra and told him what had happened. Balachandra said: "I knew all about it, but so that you would believe it, I sent you there." Then Balachandra went on: "Go to the place called the 'Golden Mandala of Meadows and Woods" (shing spang gser gyi mandal) and meet there the dakini called 'The Sole Mother Queen of the Siddhas' (ma gcig grub pa'i rgyal mo). She has attained the siddhi of Amitayus (tshe dpag med), the Buddha of Boundless Life, who blessed her in reality; she alone can save you from dying within seven months." Rechungpa went and made his request to the dakini,who asked: "How much more life do you want?" Rechungpa answered: "Until I feel it's all right to die." So the Sole Mother made the prayer: "May the son live the number of years that separate him from his father," and spoke: "Live forty-four years more!" (Milarepa, 1040-1123, was forty-four years older than Rechungpa, 1084-1161). When Rechungpa did the longevity practice that the Queen of the Siddhas had taught him, he became cured of his illness. He went back to Tibet and again met Jetsun Mila who, offering a mandala, asked Rechungpa to give him one of the pith instructions that he received in India. Accordingly, Rechungpa offered to Mila this longevity practice, which is focused both on Amitayus to extend life and on Hayagriva to dispel obstacles. The transmission then came down to Gampopa and to all the teachers of the Dagpo Kagyu lineage. It came to the Drukpa Kagyu lineage through Gyalwa Götsangpa (rgyal ba rgod tshang pa, 1189-1258) and later to the Gelukpa lineage through Je Tsongkhapa (rje tsong kha pa, 1357-1419). See sgrub thabs kun btus, vol. 1, pp.263-309 and 377-90. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Rechungpa (ras chung pa): 1084-1161 [MR]

Recitation (bzlas pa). The part of sadhana practice which covers recitation of a mantra. [RY]

Recitation and meditation - Literally, the "approaching" (bsnyen) and "accomplishing" (sgrub) of the yidam deity. These are two phases of the development stage (bskyed rim) during which one visualizes deities and recites their mantras. First one "approaches" the meditation-deity by familiarizing oneself with the practice, and then one "accomplishes" the deity by becoming one with its wisdom nature. The development stage is then followed by the completion stage (rdzogs rim), with or without formal representations. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Recitation dagger (bsnyen phur). [RY]

Recitation stage (bzlas pa'i rim pa). The part of sadhana practice which covers mantra recitation. [RY]

Recognition (ngo shes), (ngo 'phrod). In this context it means 'recognizing the nature of one's mind.' [RY]

Recognition ngo shes, (ngo 'phrod). In this context it means 'recognizing the nature of one's mind.' [RY]

Recollection (rjes dran); among the seven transmissions [LW1] [RY]

Recollection (rjes dran); among the seven transmissions [LWx] [RY]

Red Annals (deb ther dmar po) by Kunga Dorje (1309-1364), (tshal pa si tu kun dga' rdo rje).. [ZL] [RY]

Red Annals written by Tshal pa kun dga' rdo rje in 1346 (deb ther dmar po) [MR]

Red Gyata (gya rta dmar po), described as a tree with a tall, straight trunk, which grows in sandy ground. Its hard wood with fine grain is used in carving protective amulets. Possibly it is a kind of birch or aspen. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Red offering (dmar chog): some Chöd practitioners gather heaps of the meat and bones of dead animals as a help for their visualization of the offering of the flesh of their own bodies. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Red Rock (brag dmar). The location of the temple complex of Samye. The mountain slope behind Samye is of a bright red color. [ZL] [RY]

Red Rock Dense Tamarisk Forest (brag dmar 'om bus gtibs pa'i tshal). The location of the temple complex of Samye. [RY]

Red Rock Garuda (brag dmar bya khyung). [ZL] [RY]

Red Rock of Yamalung - Drakmar Yamalung (brag dmar g.ya' ma lung), the eighth among the sacred places, in Tibet and Bhutan, blessed by Guru Padmasambhava for the practice of the Eight Herukas. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Red Tsens (btsan dmar po). [ZL] [RY]

Reding /Ratreng Monastery. The first Kadampa monastery to be founded, by Drom Tönpa, who began building it in 1057, three years after Atisha's death, and remained there until his own death in 1064, spending most of his time in meditation retreat. After Drom the abbotship of the monastery passed to Naljorpa Chenpo (Great Yogin). Reting became the center of the Kadampa order of Tibetan Buddhism. [MR]

Reding Tulku. [RY]

Rediscovered Treasure (yang gter); among the seven transmissions [LW1] [RY]

Rediscovered Treasure (yang gter); among the seven transmissions [LWx] [RY]

Redness (dmar lam). The second stage of the subtle dissolution stages of appearance, increase and attainment. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

red-torma. This red torma, which is triangular and comes to a point at the tip, like an elongated pyramid, and is known as a "sharp-pointed red torma" (dmar-gtor rtse-rno), and is also known as a "Tun-tor" (thun-gtor "magic-weapon torma") as opposed to the "blunt-ended" red tormas. [Peter Roberts]

refuge (S: sarana; T: skyabs) Generally, in the buddhadharma the practitioner takes the refuge vow, where he commits himself to the Buddha as example, the dharma as teaching, and the sangha as fellow practitioners on the path. The refuge vow marks the practitioner's formal entry into the dharma. In the Vajrayana, the refuge is fourfold, including the root guru, or sixfold, including the three roots and the three jewels. [Rain of Wisdom]

Refuge (Sharana, skyabs). [RY]

Refuge (skyabs 'gro). Placing one's confidence in the Precious Ones, the Three Jewels. [RY]

refuge (skyabs 'gro); benefits of; causal and resultant objects; detailed; manner of; measure and four special qualities of; of fruition; reason for; seven points of; six categories of what should be avoided and adopted; trainings of; way of protection [LW1] [RY]

Refuge {skyabs 'gro}. The practice of taking refuge in the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha. [RY]

refuge; benefits of; causal and resultant objects; detailed expl.; manner of; measure and four special qualities of; of fruition, expl.; reason for; seven points of; six categories of what should be avoided and adopted; trainings of; way of protection [LWx] [RY]

Refutation of Criticism (rtsod bzlog) [LW1] [RY]

Refutation of Criticism (rtsod bzlog) [LWx] [RY]

Refutation of Criticism, (rtsod bzlog)". [RY]

Regent Demo Rinpoche, (de mo ngag dbang blo bzang thub brtan 'jigs med rgya mtsho), ruled 1811-1819 (passed away 1819) [MR]

Regent of Vajradhara (rdo rje 'chang gi rgyal tshab); level of [LW1] [RY]

Regent of Vajradhara; level of, expl. [LWx] [RY]

Regent Taksa Rinpoche, (kun gling rtag tshag bstan pa'i mgon po), ruled 1791-1810 [MR]

Regent Tsemön Lingpa, (tshe gling ngag dbang 'jam dpal tshul mkhrim), ruled 1819-1844 [MR]

Regions of Four Sogdian Areas (ru bzhi sog pa'i gling) [LW1] [RY]

Regions of Jewel Light (rin chen 'od kyi gling) [LW1] [RY]

Regions of Peacocks Below (rma bya 'og gling) [LW1] [RY]

Rekong - The monasteries around Rekong, including Shohong (zho 'ong, spelled zho 'phong in RO), are famous for the number, spiritual accomplishment and power of their ngakpas (Skt. mantrin) who dress in white, and keep their hair, sometimes more than six feet long, coiled on top of their heads. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

related causes of outer dependent origination; listing of [LWx] [RY]

related conditions; listing of [LWx] [RY]

Relative bodhicitta (kun rdzob byang chub kyi sems). The four immeasurables and the five first of the six paramitas. [RY]

relative self-consecration (kun rdzob rang byin brlab pa) [LW1] [RY]

Relative self-consecration (kun rdzob rang byin brlab pa) means the upper gate of one's own body. [RY]