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The Rangjung Yeshe Gilded Palace of Dharmic Activity (Front Cover)

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Pacifying (zhi byed). See Shije. [RY]

Pada. A half-line of Skt verse (usually becoming a whole line in Tib. translation). [RY]

Padampa Sangye (pha dam pa sangs rgyas, d.1117?), the great Indian siddha who came five times to Tibet and introduced there the lineage called "pacification" (zhi byed), referring to the pacification of the suffering endured in samsara. See Aziz (1980). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Padampa Sangye: 11th-12th century [MR]

Padma (pad ma). 1) Same as Padmasambhava. 2) The lotus family among the five buddha families. [ZL] [RY]

Padma (pad ma). Same as Guru Rinpoche. [RY]

Padma {pad ma}. Lit. Lotus. One of the names of the great Indian mahasiddha Padmasambhava, who brought the Secret Mantra Vajrayana to Tibet in the 8th century. [RY]

Padma Do-ngak Lingpa (pad ma mdo sngags gling pa). The tertön name of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo. [RY]

Padma Ewam Chogar. [RY]

Padma Gargyi Wangpo (pad ma gar gyi dbang po). The name of Jamgön Kongtrül the first. [RY]

Padma Gargyi Wangpo. See Jamgön Kongtrül [LW1] [RY]

Padma Garwang Lodrö Thaye (pad ma gar dbang blo gros mtha' yas). The name of Jamgön Kongtrül the first. [RY]

PADMA GARWANG LODRÖ THAYE (padma gar dbang blo gros mtha' yas). Another name for Jamgön Kongtrül. Padma Garwang means 'Lotus Lord of the Dance,' and Lodrö Thaye means 'Boundless Wisdom.'[AL] [RY]

Padma Garwang Lodrö Thaye. See Jamgön Kongtrül [LW1] [RY]

Padma Garwang Lodrö Thaye; alias Jamgön Kongtrül; [LWx] [RY]

Padma Garwang. See Jamgön Kongtrül [LW1] [RY]

Padma Garwang; alias Jamgön Kongtrül; [LWx] [RY]

Padma Gyalpo; [LWx] [RY]

Padma Gyalpo; one of the eight manifestations [LW1] [RY]

Padma Kathang (pad ma bka' thang) [LWx] [RY]

Padma Kathang (pad ma bka' thang). [ZL] [RY]

Padma Kathang (pad ma bka' thang). See Chronicles of Padma [LW1] [RY]

Padma Kathang by Orgyen Lingpa. Tibetan title: o rgyan gu ru pad-ma 'byung gnas kyi skyes rabs ran par that pa rgyas pa bkod pa pad-ma bka'i thang yig. Long version in poetry, 108 chapters in 721 pages. Revealed in the Crystal Cave of Yarlung in central Tibet and therefore also known as Namthar Sheldragma, The Crystal Cave Biography. Originally translated into French by Toussaint, G.-C. as Le Dict de Padma (Padma Thang Yig MS. de Lithang). Paris: 1933. Later re-translated in to English by Kenneth Douglas and Gwendolyn M. Bays, published by Tarthang Tulku as The Life and Liberation of Padmasambhava. [ZL] [RY]

Padma Kepa. [RY]

Padma Kunsang. [RY]

Padma Ling (pad-ma gling) [LW1] [RY]

Padma Nyinche Wangpo. [RY]

Padma Nyingtig (padma snying thig). [EMP] [RY]

Padma Nyugu. [RY]

Padma Osel Do-ngak Lingpa (pad ma 'od gsal mdo sngags gling pa). The tertön name of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo. [RY]

Padma Ösel Do-ngak Lingpa. See Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo [LW1] [RY]

Padma Ösel Do-ngak Lingpa; alias Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo; expl. [LWx] [RY]

Padma Raja, the Lotus King. [Daki] [RY]

Padma Shelphuk. [RY]

Padma Tennyi Yungdrung Lingpa (pad ma bstan gnyis g.yung drung gling pa). The tertön name of Jamgön Kongtrül Lodrö Thaye. [RY]

Padma Tennyi Yungdrung Lingpa. See Jamgön Kongtrül [LW1] [RY]

Padma Tennyi Yungdrung Lingpa; alias Jamgön Kongtrül; [LWx] [RY]

Padma Thod Phreng rtsal - lit. 'the Lotus-one ornamented by a rosary of skulls,' an emanation of Padmasambhava. [RY]

Padma Tongdröl (pad ma mthong grol). The crown that liberates through seeing worn by Guru Rinpoche. [RY]

Padma Tötreng Tsal (pad ma thod phreng rtsal). The secret name of Guru Rinpoche. [RY]

Padma Tötreng Tsal (pad ma thod phreng rtsal). The secret name of Guru Rinpoche meaning 'Powerful Lotus of the Garland of Skulls.' [ZL] [RY]

Padma Tötreng Tsal, Powerful Lotus of the Garland of Skulls. [Daki] [RY]

Padma Tsuktor. [RY]

Padma Vajra (mtsho skyes rdo rje). [ZL] [RY]

Padma Vajra (pad ma badz ra). See Dechen Gyalpo. [RY]

Padma Wangchok, Situ XI: 1886-1952. [RY]

Padma Wangchuk Gyalpo, Situ XI: 1886-1952 [MR]

Padma Wangchuk Gyalpo. [RY]

Padma. The word for lotus here is "born-from-a-lake" (mtsho las skyes pa) as in the analogy of a lotus flower being untainted by the mud of the swamp in which it grows. [RY]

Padmabhasajvala. Lotus Shining-Light (pad ma 'od 'bar), literally: "Lotus Shining-Light", it is the name primarily used for Padmakara within the Ratnasamanyasamgha practice. [Peter Roberts]

Padmajala (pad ma drva ba). The name of the pure land of Guru Rinpoche. [RY]

Padmakara (pad ma 'byung gnas). 'Lotus-born.' Same as Guru Rinpoche. Padmakara and Padmasambhava are interchangeable in Tibetan literature, sometimes is used the Tibetan translation Pema Jungney, sometimes the Sanskrit. [ZL] [RY]

Padmakara (padma 'byung gnas), the "One who Arose from the Lotus," or Guru Padmasambhava (see Translator's Introduction, note 17). Known by many names, in this life-story he is referred to as Guru Rinpoche, Orgyen Rinpoche, the Precious Master, or the Lake-born Vajra. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Padmakara Tötreng Tsal (pad ma ka ra thod phreng rtsal). Same as Guru Rinpoche. [RY]

Padmakara, See also Padmasambhava; literal meaning; meaning of Padmakara [LW1] [RY]

Padmakara, the king of the victorious ones (rgyal dbang pad ma ka ra). He is called the king of victorious ones because he conquered the enemy of the four maras. Padmakara means Lotus Born (padma 'byung gnas). [RY]

Padmakara. Padmakara, instead of the more commonly known name of Padmasambhava, is what Jamgön Kongtrül uses, and that this was the original name is a view expressed by Tibetan masters. The Tibetan name being padma 'byung gnas "lotus-origin". However, the Koncho Chidu terma itself contains the words, "I, Padmasambhava..". [Peter Roberts]

Padmakara; expl.; [LWx] [RY]

Padmakara's Stages of the Path [LW1] [RY]

Padmakara's Stages of the Path; expl. [LWx] [RY]

Padmapani, a name of Avalokitesvara, the Buddha of compassion. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Padmasambhava - Fully enlightened master who established the teachings in Tibet in eight century [RY]

Padmasambhava - the 'Lotus-born' Guru of Odiyan' his eight major manifestations are: Padma 'byung gnas, Padma rgyal po, rDo rje gro lod, Nyi ma 'od zer, Sakya seng ge, Seng ge sgra sgrog, Blo ldan mchog sred, and rDo rje 'chang. [RY]

Padmasambhava (pad ma 'byung gnas). 'Originated from a Lotus.' Same as Guru Rinpoche. [RY]

Padmasambhava (pad-ma 'byung gnas); as one of the eight manifestations; biography and instructions; names [LW1] [RY]

Padmasambhava; as one of the eight manifestations; [LWx] [RY]

Padmey Lamrim [LW1] [RY]

Padmey Lamrim; expl. [LWx] [RY]

Padyam (Skt.). Washing water. [RY]

Pagan - Capital city of northern Burma; also a kingdom which adopted Theravadin Buddhism under Anoratha [RY]

Painful bardo of dying ('chi kha sdug bsngal gyi bar do). See Bardo of dying. [RY]

Pal Gyalkar (1992) speaks of twenty-five major works. To Jigme Thekcho's catalog, he adds a list of miscellaneous writings: [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Pal Kachöpa (dpal mkha' spyod pa). Propably identical with Kachö Wangpo, the second Shamar Rinpoche (1350-1405).[EMP] [RY]

Pala Dynasty - Rulers in central India from the eight through the twelfth centuries; gave active support to the Dharma [RY]

Pala Dynasty - Rulers in central India from the eighth through the twelfth centuries; gave active support to the Dharma. [Tarthang]

palace of dharmadhatu (chos kyi dbyings kyi pho brang) [LW1] [RY]

Palace of Dharmadhatu; expl. [LWx] [RY]

Palace of Lotus Light (pad ma 'od kyi pho brang). [Daki] [RY]

Palace of Lotus Light (pho brang pad ma 'od) [LW1] [RY]

Palace of Lotus Light (pho drang pad ma 'od); [LWx] [RY]

palanquin, stretcher, Sanskrit palyanka (do li) (phebs byams) (khyogs). A covered litter for one person carried on poles on the shoulders of two or four men. [RY]

palanquin, stretcher, Sanskrit palyanka (khyogs) (phebs byams) (do li). A covered litter for one person carried on poles on the shoulders of two or four men. [RY]

palanquin, stretcher, Sanskrit palyanka (phebs byams) (khyogs) (do li). A covered litter for one person carried on poles on the shoulders of two or four men. [RY]

Palden Khyentse Özer (dpal ldan mkhyen brtse 'od zer). The reincarnation of Jamgön Kongtrül Lodrö Thaye and son of the 15th Karmapa. [RY]

Palembang - City on Sumatra; major Buddhist center of study [RY]

Palgöns [LW1] [RY]

Palgye. See Paltrül Rinpoche [LW1] [RY]

Palgyi Dorje (Wangchuk) of Lhalung alias Lhalung Palgyi Dorje (lha lung dpal gyi rdo rje). Born in Upper Drom, he served as a border guard but developed renunciation and together with his two brothers received ordination from Vimalamitra. He received the bodhisattva vow from Padmasambhava as well as empowerment and oral instructions in Vajrayana. He practiced meditation in the White Gorge of Tsib and at Yerpa, where he reached the accomplishment of being able to move freely through solid rock. Years later he assassinated the evil king Langdarma. Palgyi Dorje means 'Resplendent Vajra.'[AL] [RY]

Palgyi Senge of Lang (rlangs dpal gyi seng ge). His father was Amey Jangchub Drekh"l, a powerful mantrika who could employ the eight classes of gods and demons as his servants. Palgyi Senge of Lang was one of the eight chief disciples of Padmasambhava when the empowerment of the Assemblage of Sugatas was conferred. He attained both the common and supreme accomplishments at Paro Taktsang through the practice of the Tamer of All Haughty Spirits. [ZL] [RY]

Palgyi Senge of Lang (rlangs dpal gyi seng ge). His father was Amey Jangchub Drekhöl, a mantrika powerful enough to employ the eight classes of gods and demons as his servants. Palgyi Senge of Lang was one of the eight chief disciples of Padmasambhava when the empowerment of the Assemblage of Sugatas was conferred. He attained both the common and supreme accomplishments at Paro Taktsang through the practice of the Tamer of All Haughty Spirits. The Dzogchen Rinpoches are regarded as his reincarnations. Palgyi Senge means 'Glorious Lion.'[AL] [RY]

Palgyi Senge of Shübu (shud bu dpal gyi seng ge). As one of the ministers of King Trisong Deutsen, he was sent among the first emissaries to invite Padmasambhava to Tibet. He learned translation from Padmasambhava and rendered numerous teachings of Mamo, Yamantaka and Kilaya into Tibetan. Having attained accomplishment through Kilaya and Mamo, he could split boulders and divide the flow of rivers with his dagger. [ZL] [RY]

Palgyi Senge of Shubu (shud bu dpal gyi seng ge). One of the ministers of King Trisong Deutsen, sent among the first emissaries to invite Padmasambhava to Tibet. He learned translation from Padmasambhava and rendered numerous teachings of Mamo, Yamantaka and Kilaya into Tibetan. Having attained accomplishment through Kilaya and Mamo, he could split boulders and divide the flow of rivers with his dagger. His reincarnations include the great Tertön Mingyur Dorje of the Namchö tradition. Palgyi Senge means 'Glorious Lion.'[AL] [RY]

Palgyi Senge of Shubu [LW1] [RY]

Palgyi Wangchuk of Kharchen (mkhar chen dpal gyi dbang phyug). Here in the Sanglingma, he is described as the father of Yeshe Tsogyal, but elsewhere as her brother who became a close disciple of Padmasambhava. [ZL] [RY]

Palgyi Wangchuk of Kharchen (mkhar chen dpal gyi dbang phyug). In the Sanglingma biography he is the father of Yeshe Tsogyal; elsewhere he is described as her brother, a close disciple of Padmasambhava who attained siddhi through the practice of Vajra Kilaya. Palgyi Wangchuk means 'Resplendent Lord.'. [AL] [RY]

Palgyi Wangchuk of O-Dren ('o dran dpal gyi dbang phyug). A great scholar and tantrika, he attained siddhi through practicing Guru Drakpo, the wrathful aspect of Padmasambhava. Palgyi Wangchuk means 'Resplendent Lord.'[AL] [RY]

Palgyi Yeshe (dpal gyi ye shes). Born into the Drogmi clan he was also known as Palgyi Yeshe of Drogmi. He was an adept translator and rendered numerous sutras and tantras into Tibetan including the Tantra of the Mother Deities Mamo. He received the transmission of the Mother Deities, from Padmasambhava and became an accomplished mantrika. [ZL] [RY]

Palgyi Yeshe of Lang (rlangs dpal gyi ye she). One of the first Tibetans to take ordination. He received also transmission from Hungkara in India but died on the way back. [ZL] [RY]

Palgyi Yeshe of Sogpo (sog po dpal gyi ye shes). Disciple of Padmasambhava and Jnana Kumara of Nyag. Palgyi Yeshe means 'Glorious Wisdom.'[AL] [RY]

Pali - Canonical language of the Theravadin tradition; thought by the theravadins to be the original language of the Buddha [RY]

Pali Tripitaka first written down: 80 BC [MR]

Palpung (dpal spung). The monastery in East Tibet which was the seat of Situ Rinpoche. [RY]

Palpung Monastery [LW1] [RY]

Palpung Monastery. [RY]

Palpung Monastery; [LWx] [RY]

Palpung Shri Devi Koti [LW1] [RY]

Palpung Shri Devi Koti; [LWx] [RY]

Palpung Situ Rinpoche. [RY]

Palpung Situ. [RY]

Palpung. [RY]

Paltrul Rinpoche (1808-1887) One of the foremost scholars of his time. He was known not only for his scholarship and learning but also for his example of renunciation and compassion. His most famous works include Kunsang Lamey Shellung and his commentary on Tsigsum Nedeg, the epitome of the Dzogchen teachings. [RY]

Paltrul Rinpoche (dpal sprul rin po che). A great nonsectarian master of the 19th century who was regarded as the speech emanation of Jigmey Lingpa. Author of Kunsang Lamey Shellung. [RY]

Paltrul Rinpoche (dpal sprul rin po che). A great nonsectarian Tibetan master of the nineteenth century. [RY]

Paltrul Rinpoche. [RY]

Paltrül Rinpoche; biographical details [LW1] [RY]

Pal-yang (dpal dbyangs). A Tibetan translator predicted by Padmasambhava. The first monk ordained by Khenpo Bodhisattva. He is also known as Ratna of Ba (sba ratna). [ZL] [RY]

Palyül [LW1] [RY]

Palyul Gyatrul. [RY]

Palyul Monastery. [RY]

Pancalika. A kind of clothe worn by devas; according to Dharmabhadra and Ch, 'five-colored'. [RY]

Panchen Lama / (pan chen bla ma) - Incarnation lineage of the abbots of bKra shis lhun po monastery, established in the time of the Fifth Dalai Lama [RY]

Panchen Lama 1st, (blo bzang chos kyi grags pa) = chos rgyan = chos kyi rgyal mtshan): 1570-1662. [RY]

Panchen Lama 4th, Lobsang Tenpai Nyima: 1781-. [RY]

Panchen Lama 5th, Tenpai Changchup: 1854-. [RY]

Panchen Lama 6th, Lobsang Palden Yeshe: 1738-1780 [MR]

Panchen Lama 7th, Lobsang Tenpai Nyima: 1781-1854 [MR]

Panchen Lama 9th, Chökyi Nyima: 1883-1937 [MR]

Panchen Lama Chökyi Gyaltsen 10th : 1938-1989 [MR]

Panchen Lama Lobzang Tenpai Nyima, The seventh(blo bzang bstan pa'i nyi ma, 1781-1859). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Panchen Lama, 4th (1rst to hold the actual title) (blo bzang chos kyi grags pa = chos rgyan = chos kyi rgyal mtshan): 1570-1662 [MR]

Panchen Lama, 5th, Lobsang Yeshe: 1663-1737 [MR]

Panchen Lama, Tenpai Wangchuk: 1854-1882 [MR]

Panchen Lobzang Chögyen; see chap.2, note 30. Possibly the first Changkya, Ngawang Chöden, (lcang skya ngag dbang chos ldan, 1642-1714) or the second, Rolpa Dorje (rol pa rdo rje, 1717-86). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Pandara-vasini (gos dkar mo), (na bza' dkar). Third of the four Sublime Mothers (see Locana), 'the White-robed Goddess', red in color and the consort of Amitabha. [RY] Pandita - great Buddhist scholar; usually refers to the Buddhist scholars from Kashmir or India. [RY]

Pandita - Indian title conferred on especiallv learned masters. [Tarthang]

Pandita - Indian title conferred on especially learned masters [RY]

pandita (mkhas pa) [LW1] [RY]

Pandita (mkhas pa) means "learned one." [RY]

Pandita (mkhas pa). A learned master, scholar or professor in Buddhist philosophy. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

PANDITA (mkhas pa). A learned master, scholar or professor in Buddhist philosophy. [AL] [RY]

Pandita (mkhas pa). A learned master, scholar, professor in Buddhist philosophy. [RY]

Pandita (mkhas pa). A learned master, scholar, professor in Buddhist philosophy. [ZL] [RY]

Pandita (mkhas pa); explanation of literal meaning [LWx] [RY]

Pandita cycle {pan di ta'i skor}. Writings on structured expositions of basic tenets of buddhist philosophy, such as the Seven Treasures by Longchenpa. [RY]

Pandita of Yanglesho (yang le shod kyi pan di ta). One of the 12 manifestations. Same as Mawey Senge. [RY]

Pandita. [RY]

Pandita. Scholar, learned man [RY]

Pang Lotsawa (dpang lo): -1342 [MR]

Pang Lotsawa (dpang lo): -1342. [RY]

Parables (de lta bu byung ba) [LW1] [RY]

Parakkamabahu - Twelfth century king of Sri Lanka under whose reign the Theravadin school gained unquestioned supremacy [RY]

Parakkamabahu - Twelfth century king of Sri Lanka under whose reign the Theravadin school gained unquestioned supremacy. [Tarthang]

Paramartha - Indian master who came to China in sixth century introduced Cittamatra teachings [RY]

Paramartha Seva. See Approaching the Ultimate [LW1] [RY]

Paramita (pha rol phyin). Perfection. [RY]

Paramita (pha rol tu phyin pa). Literally, 'paramita' means 'reaching the other shore.' Particularly, it means transcending concepts of subject, object and action. The Paramita vehicle (phar phyin gyi theg pa) is the Mahayana system of the gradual path through the five paths and ten bhumis according to the Prajnaparamita scriptures. See also 'six paramitas.'[AL] [RY]

Paramita (pha rol tu phyin pa). 'Reaching the other shore.'Transcending concepts of subject, object and action. [RY]

Paramita vehicle (phar phyin gyi theg pa). The Sutra system of the gradual path through the five paths and ten bhumis according to the Prajnaparamita scriptures. [RY]

paramita vehicle [LWx] [RY]

paramita vehicle. See vehicle [LW1] [RY]

paramitas (phar phyin). See also six paramitas; 36 types; Mahayana; ten [LW1] [RY]

paramitas; types [LWx] [RY]

Parinirvana - The final entry into nirvana; the passing away of a fully accomplished master [RY]

Parinirvana (yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa). 'Completely passing beyond suffering.' 1) The final entry into nirvana. 2) Honorific term for the passing away of a buddha or a fully accomplished master. [ZL] [RY]

parinirvana (yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa); complete cessation. The death and hence the end of the stream of rebirths of Shakyamuni Buddha, or any enlightened being. [Rain of Wisdom]

Parmi Gonpa. [RY]

Paro Drakar. [Daki] [RY]

Paro. [RY]

Particular samayas (khyad par gyi dam tshig). [RY]

partlessness (cha med) [LW1] [RY]

partlessness [LWx] [RY]

Paryanka (skyil mo krung). A particular sitting position, some say one leg on top of the other with the soles almost hidden. [RY]

Passing obscuration ('pho sgrib) refers to the obscuration of the passing of the white and red elements. [RY]

Passing stains (glo bur gyi dri ma). The obscurations that are not intrinsic to the sugatagarbha, like clouds are not inherent in the sky. [RY]

Passionate, (chags), means semi-wrathful just like a deity for the increasing or magnetizing activities. [RY]

Pataliputra - City in Magadha; capital of Ashoka's empire [RY]

path (lam). See also five paths; detailed; five aspects of the path in Lamrim Yeshe Nyingpo; of accumulation; summary of [LW1] [RY]

Path and Fruition (lam 'bras). See Lamdrey. [RY]

Path and Result (lam 'bras). See Lamdrey. [RY]

path beyond training [LWx] [RY]

Path Mahamudra (lam phyag rgya chen po). The stages of approaching the recognition of the sugatagarbha and of applying that recognition in one's practice. [RY]

Path of Accumulation - see Five Paths. [RY]

Path of accumulation (tshogs lam). The first of the five paths which emphasize the accumulation of merit, faith and mindfulness. [RY]

Path of accumulation (tshogs lam). The first of the five paths which forms the foundation for the journey towards liberation and involves gathering a vast accumulation of merit dedicated towards this attainment. On this path one gains and intellectual and conceptual understanding of egolessness through learning and reflection. By means of cultivating the four applications of mindfulness, the four right endeavors, and the four legs of miraculous action, one succedes in eliminating the gross defilements that cause samsaric suffering and in attaining the virtuous qualities of the superknowledges and the 'samadhi of the stream of Dharma' leading to the path of accumulation. [RY]

Path of Accumulation (tshogs lam). The first of the five paths which forms the foundation for the journey towards liberation and involves gathering a vast accumulation of merit dedicated towards this attainment. On this path one gains an intellectual and conceptual understanding of egolessness through learning and reflection. By means of cultivating the four applications of mindfulness, the four right endeavors, and the four legs of miraculous action, one succeeds in eliminating the gross defilements that cause samsaric suffering and in attaining the virtuous qualities of the superknowledges and the 'samadhi of the stream of Dharma' leading to the path of joining.[AL] [RY]

path of accumulation; expl. identity and its three levels [LWx] [RY]

Path of Application - see Five Paths. [RY]

path of consummation (mthar phyin pa'i lam); in relation to the four vidyadhara levels [LWx] [RY]

Path of consummation (thar phyin pa'i lam). The fifth of the five path and the state of complete and perfect enlightenment. [RY]

path of cultivation (sgom lam) [LW1] [RY]

Path of cultivation (sgom lam). The fourth of the five paths on which one cultivates and trains in the higher practices of a bodhisattva, especially the eight aspects of the path of noble beings. [RY]

path of cultivation (sgom lam); expl.; in relation to the four vidyadhara levels [LWx] [RY]

Path of fulfillment (mthar phyin pa'i lam). Same as the 'path of no-learning.' [RY]

Path of joining (sbyor lam). The second of the five paths on which one grows closer to and joins with the realization of the truth of reality. [RY]

path of joining (sbyor lam); in regard to the dhyanas [LW1] [RY]

path of joining; expl.; in regard to the dhyanas [LWx] [RY]

Path of learning (slob pa'i lam). The first four of the five paths on which there is still the concepts of progress, training and learning. [RY]

Path of liberation (grol lam). 1) When related to the 'path of ripening' it refers to the practice of the oral instructions of one's personal vajra master. 2) When related to the 'path of means' it refers to the practice of sustaining the natural state of mind; Mahamudra or Dzogchen. [ZL] [RY]

Path of Liberation (grol lam). The path of Mahamudra practice. [RY]

path of liberation; in regard to the dhyanas [LW1] [RY]

Path of Means (thabs lam). Here, it refers to the practices of the Six Doctrines. [RY]

Path of means (thabs lam). Refers to the Six Doctrines of Naropa as well as to the stages of development and completion with attributes. [RY]

Path of means (thabs lam). Refers to the stages of development and completion with attributes. [ZL] [RY]

Path of means. explained by Mipham Rinpoche in dngos grub snying po pgs. 21A and onwards; explains also Vajrayana, Secret Mantra vehicle, vehicle of fruition, etc., in detail. [RY]

Path of no-learning (mi slob pa'i lam). The fifth of the five path and the state of complete and perfect enlightenment. [RY]

Path of ripening (smin lam). The process of receiving the four empowerments. [ZL] [RY]

Path of Seeing (mthong lam). The third of the five paths which is the attainment of the first bhumi, liberation from samsara and realization of the truth of reality. [RY]

path of seeing (mthong lam); expl.; in relation to the four vidyadhara levels [LWx] [RY]

Path of the two stages (rim gnyis kyi lam). The two stages of development and completion which are the means and knowledge (prajna and upaya) of Vajrayana practice. [RY]

path of training (slob lam) [LW1] [RY]

Path of training (slob pa'i lam). The first four of the five paths. The fifth is also called the 'path beyond training' and corresponds to perfect buddhahood. [ZL] [RY]

Path wisdom (lam gyi ye shes). The experience of innate wakefulness pointed out by one's master in which full stability has not been reached. Compare with fruition wisdom. [RY]

path; detailed expl.; five aspects of; summary of [LWx] [RY]

PATHS (lam). See under 'five paths.'[AL] [RY]

Paths (lam). The five paths or stages on the way to enlightenment: the path of accumulation, joining, seeing, cultivation, and no more learning. They can be explained differently according to each of the three vehicles. [RY]

Paths and bhumis (sa lam). The five paths and the ten bodhisattva levels. [RY]

Paths and levels (sa lam). See paths and bhumis. [RY]

Paths of learning (slob pa'i lam). The first four of the five paths on which concepts of progress, training and learning still remain. [RY]

paths of training [LWx] [RY]

patience (bzod pa); expl. three types [LW1] [RY]

Patience (ksanti, titiksa; bzod pa). The third Perfection. [RY]

patience; expl. three types; five notions ('du shes lnga); five notions ('du shes lnga), expl.; nine considerations; nine considerations (brtags pa dgu), expl. [LWx] [RY]

Patra (pa tra). A brick ornamented with flourishes. A gold patra possibly weighs several kilos. [ZL] [RY]

Patrul Rinpoche, (see also Paltrul Rinpoche) Orgyen Jigme Chökyi Wangpo (dpal sprul o rgyan 'jigs med chos kyi dbang po), also known as Dzogchen Palge Tulku :1808-87 [MR]

Pawo I, Chöwang Lhündrub: 1440-1503 [MR]

Pawo Rinpoche, The eighth Tsuklak Chökyi Gyatso (gtsug lag chos kyi rgya mtsho, 1785-1840). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Pawo Rinpoche. [RY]

Pawo Tsukla Trengwa 2nd (gtsug lag 'phreng ba): 1504 /1454-1566 [MR]

Pawo Wangchen Drak. [RY]

Pawo X, Tsuglag Nangwa Wangchuk: 1912- [MR]

payment (brngan) [RY]

Peace, shanti, (zhi ba). Nirvana. [RY]

Peaceful and wrathful buddhas (zhi khro). The 42 peaceful buddhas: Samantabhadra and Samantabhadri, the 5 male and female buddhas, the 8 male and female bodhisattvas, the 6 munis, and the 4 male and female gatekeepers. The 58 wrathful buddhas: the 5 male and female herukas, the 8 yoginis, the 8 tramen goddesses, the 4 female gatekeepers, and the 28 shvaris. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Peaceful and wrathful buddhas. The forty-two peaceful buddhas: Samantabhadra and Samantabhadri, the five male and female buddhas, the eight male and female bodhisattvas, the six munis, and the four male and female gate-keepers. The fifty-eight wrathful buddhas: the five male and female herukas, the eight yoginis, the eight tramen goddesses, the four female gatekeepers, the twenty-eight shvaris. [RY]

Peaceful and wrathful ones (zhi khro). The 42 peaceful and 58 wrathful divinities. [RY]

peaceful and wrathful yidams [LW1] [RY]

Peaceful deities of vajradhatu (zhi ba rdo rje dbyings kyi lha tshogs). The forty-two peaceful deities: Samantabhadra and Samantabhadri, the five male and female buddhas, the eight male and female bodhisattvas, the six munis, and the four male and female gate-keepers. [RY]

Peaceful Vajradhatu Tantra (zhi ba rdo rje dbyings kyi rgyud). [RY]

peaceful-activity commencing at dawn. Dawn not being of course such a variable in Tibet as in northern countries, but should here be taken as meaning very early in the morning, for example, five a.m. [Peter Roberts]

peacocks dance - According to popular belief, there are no male peacocks, and the thunder-dragon is the peacock's husband. This is the reason peacocks dance when there is thunder: they are happily welcoming their husbands. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Peak of Malaya [LW1] [RY]

Peak of Meteoric Iron [LW1] [RY]

Peak of Meteoric Iron; [LWx] [RY]

Peak Scripture (rtse mo); details of [LW1] [RY]

Peak Scripture (rtse mo); details of; quotation from; [LWx] [RY]

Peak Scripture, (rtse mo), is one of the three Yoga tantras known as dpal rtse dbyings gsum. [RY]

Pearl Crystal Cave of Pama Ridge (mu tig shel gyi spa ma gangs). This is the practice cave of Guru Rinpoche where he gave many of the Instructions found in Dakini Teachings. [ZL] [RY]

Pearl Garland Tantra (mu tig phreng ba'i rgyud). One of the Dzogchen tantras. [RY]

Pearl Garland Tantra (mu tig phreng ba'i rgyud). This tantra is taught for the sake of preventing awareness from straying back by means of bringing it to maturation. It teaches how to practice, reach familiarity and liberation. [RY]

Pecha (dpe cha). A Tibetan-style book, made of long strips of paper, unbound, in imitation of the Indian palm-leaf manuscripts. [RY]

Pehar - The Protector (chos skyong) and the Dharma Lord (chos rje) of Samye. At Samye, Guru Padmasambhava subdued all the king-spirits (rgyal po) and put them under the power of King Pehar (pe har). He did the same with all the Tsens (btsan), whom he put under the power of Tsimara (tsi ma ra). The Protector of Samye, Gyalpo Pehar, sometimes descends into, or inhabits, a predestined person called the Dharma Lord of Samye. When present in the Dharma Lord, Pehar gives prophecies for the sake of Tibet and the Dharma. When Pehar took the oath not to harm any beings and to guard them and Guru Rinpoche's teachings, he offered his heart to Guru Rinpoche as a symbol of his pledge. Until recently this "heart" was kept in a precious box that only the Oracle was allowed to open. He would do so once a year. When Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche (1903-87) gave the empowerment of the Rinchen Terdzö (rin chen gter mdzod) at Samye, at one point the Oracle went into a trance and showed him this heart, which looked like a fresh heart. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Pekar (pe kar). The particular protector of Samye appointed and bound under oath by Padmasambhava. [ZL] [RY]

Pekar Temple (pe kar gling). A temple at Samye. [ZL] [RY]

Pelek Gonpa (spe legs dgon pa), the "Exemplary Monastery," so called after the remarkable stone house built there by Sangye Lama (gter ston sangs rgyas bla ma), the first of all tertöns. The monastery is built on the large cave of bde chen skyid phug, where Ra Lotsawa stayed, and is situated west of Sakya. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Pelgyeling ('phel rgyas gling), the "Place of Increase and Expansion," was named by Milarepa. After Milarepa's death, a monastery was built upon the Garuda Cave, Namkha Ding Phug (nam mkha' lding phug), a cave where Milarepa meditated for several years, in the "Nyelam," or more correctly Nyanang (gnya' nang) Valley. At the nearby Belly Cave (grod pa phug, see PP, NLY, and MI), one can still see the hand and footprint that Milarepa left miraculously on the rock. Rechungpa's cave lies slightly above Milarepa's cave. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Pema Chögyal of Me-nyag [LW1] [RY]

Pema Chögyal of Me-nyag [LWx] [RY]

Pema Dechen Lingpa. (bde chen gling pa) Rongtön Pema Dechen Lingpa (17th century) [Peter Roberts]

Pema Gargyi Wangchuk Tsal. (pad ma gar gyi dbang phyug rtsal). This is Jamgön Kongtrül's "secret" or Tantric name, which he received during a rtsa gsum dril sgrub "Practice of the Three Roots in Unison" empowerment in 1836, when he was twenty-three years old. [Peter Roberts]

Pema Garwang Tsal. Jamgön Kongtrül (1813-1899) [Peter Roberts]

Pema Gungtsen of Gö ('gos pad ma gung btsan) [LW1] [RY]

Pema Gyurme. [RY]

Pema Gyurmey Tekchog Tenphel [LW1] [RY]

Pema Jungney (pad ma 'byung gnas). One of the 12 manifestations. [RY]

Pema Karpo,the second King of Shambhala; Pundarika [LW1] [RY]

Pema Karpo; the second King of Shambhala [LWx] [RY]

Pema Künkyab Yeshe Dorje Nyingpo. See Könchok Gyurmey Tenpey Gyaltsen [LW1] [RY]

Pema Ledrel Tsal (padma las 'brel rtsal) (1291-1315). The reincarnation of Pema Sal, the daughter of King Trisong Deutsen. The revealer of the Dzogchen teachings of Guru Rinpoche renowned as Khandro Nyingtig. His immediate rebirth was as Longchenpa. Pema Ledrel Tsal means 'Lotus Power of Karmic Link.'[AL] [RY]

Pema Ledrel Tsal, 1291-1315? (Pad ma las 'brel rtsal). The incarnation of the daughter of King Trisong Deutsen and the revealer of the Dzogchen teachings of Guru Rinpoche renowned as Khandro Nyingthig. His immediate rebirth was Longchenpa. [RY]

Pema Ledreltsel (padma las 'brel rtsal), see NS note 614 and BM, p. 152. For Tulku Lekden, see BM, p.153, TN p.520-22, and other references summarized in Ehrhard (1990), 109 n.94. Regarding the other masters of this lineage, the sources are GT, Vol.2, pp. 27-62 and pp. 79-109; the zhus lan bdud rtsi gser phreng and the lo rgyus rin po che'i phreng ba from the mkha' 'gro snying thig, part I, vol. 7 of Longchenpa's Nyingthig Yazhi (snying thig ya bzhi); BM, pp. 152-61, and NS p. 595. Other ramifications of the Khandro Nyingthig lineage are described in GT, vol.2, pp. 110-14 and in Thondup 1984, 34-35. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Pema Lingpa [LW1] [RY]

Pema Lingpa: 1445-1521 (pad ma gling pa). Padma Dechen Lingpa was a mind emanation of the great translator Vairachana. [RY]

Pema Lingpa: 1445-1521. [RY]

Pema Ninjay Wangpo (pad ma nyin byed dbang po) "Lotus Daylight-Bringer Power"The name of the ninth Tai Situpa, Pema Ninjay Wangpo, who was the root-teacher of Jamgön Kongtrül. [Peter Roberts]

Pema Nyinche Wangpo. The ninth Tai Situpa () (1774-1853) A holder of the Karma-Kagyu lineage. (padma nyin byed dbang po) [Peter Roberts]

Pema Sal, Princess (lha lcam padma sal). The daughter of King Trisong Deutsen, to whom Padmasambhava entrusted his own lineage of the Great Perfection known as Khandro Nyingtig. She died at an early age, after which Padmasambhava miraculously called her back to life. When her father asked why someone with the great merit to be both a princess and a disciple of the Lotus-Born master had to die while still a child, Padmasambhava told the story of how she had been a bee who stung one of the four brothers during the completion of the Great Stupa of Boudhanath. Pema Sal means 'Radiant Lotus.'[AL] [RY]

Pema Sangnak Tendzin Chögyal (padma gsang sngags bstan 'dzin chos rgyal, 1760-1817), see SG. Dechen Gyalpo recognized Tendzin Chögyal to be an incarnation of the famous siddha of Vajra Kilaya, Langlap Changchup Dorje (langs lab byang chub rdo rje), see NG folio 6a. The list of teachings received by Tendzin Chögyal from Dechen Gyalpo has much in common with the transmissions that Shabkar himself received from Chögyal Ngakyi Wangpo and other teachers of the same lineage. These teachings included the new termas of Dechen Gyalpo , and those of Thekchog Dorje, Ratön Tertön, Namchak Tsasum Lingpa, and Dungtso Repa. See NG, 52/b to 53/a. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Pema Siddhi: 1888 [MR]

Pema Trinley Nyingpo. See Jokyab Rinpoche [LW1] [RY]

Pema Trinley Nyingpo; alias Jokyab Rinpoche [LWx] [RY]

Pema Wangchuk. [RY]

Pemakö (padma bkod), one of the main sacred "hidden lands" (sbas yul) connected with Vajrasattva and Guru Padmasambhava. It is located in southeast Tibet, north of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Penor Rinpoche [LW1] [RY]

perceiver and perceived (gzung 'dzin) [LW1] [RY]

Perceiver and perceived" (gzung 'dzin). [RY]

perceiver and the perceived [LWx] [RY]

perceptions of the six senses (tshogs drug gi snang ba) are the experiences of sights, sounds, smells, tastes, textures, and mental events. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Perception Sphere (skye mched). A state of meditative absorption, possibly lasting many aeons. See under 'Formless Realms.'[AL] [RY]

Perception-spheres (skye mched). Refer here to the states of mind of the four formless realms. See also 'fourfold spheres of perception.' [RY]

perfect (phun sum tshogs pa) [LW1] [RY]

Perfect Buddha samyak-sambuddha, (yang dag rdzogs sangs rgyas). [RY]

Perfect buddhahood (rdzogs pa'i sangs rgyas). The extinction of all faults and obscurations and the perfection of all enlightened qualities. [RY]

perfect place perfect; expl. the realms of the three kayas [LW1] [RY]

perfect place; expl. the realms of the three kayas; [LWx] [RY]

Perfect recall (mi brjed pa'i gzungs). A perfect memory the essence of which is non-distraction. [RY]

perfect retinue; expl.; [LWx] [RY]

perfect teacher; expl. [LW1] [RY]

perfect teaching; explanation of the teaching systems of the three kayas [LW1] [RY]

perfect time; expl.; [LWx] [RY]

Perfected in Body (sku la rdzogs); charnel ground [LW1] [RY]

Perfecting Stage (Skt. Sampannakrama, rDzogs rim) a non-conceptual stage in tantric practice; in the Perfecting Stage, the visualizations of the Development Stage dissolve into an experience of openness. [RY]

Perfection (paramita; pha rol (tu) phyin pa, phar phyin). For most purposes, there are six P. a Bodhisattva must practice - Giving, Morality, patience, Joyous Energy, Meditative absorption (dhyana) and wisdom. In the scheme of the Dasha-bhumika sutra, the list is extended to ten by the addition of Skill in Means, Vow, Power and Wisdom-knowledge, but very little is taught of these extra four. Overwhelmingly the most important is the P. of Wisdom (prajna paramita), to which a major branch of the sutra and commentarial literature has been devoted. (see The Perfection of Wisdom in 8,000 Lines (RiBa) [RY]

perfection (rnam byang) [LW1] [RY]

Perfection (rnam byang). Same as nirvana or enlightenment. [RY]

Permanent or annihilated (rtag chad). Lasting forever as in an eternalistic point of view or ceasing to exist as in a nihilistic view. [RY]

Pernakchen (ber nag can), the central mahakala of the Karma Kagyu. [RY]

perpetuating aggregates (nye bar len pa'i phung po). See five aggregates [LW1] [RY]

perpetuating cause (nyer len gyi rgyu); in terms of ignorance [LWx] [RY]

perpetuating consciousness (len pa'i rnam shes); as synonym for the all-ground [LWx] [RY]

Personal experience (rang snang). Exemplified by the dream experience, this term is sometimes translated as 'one's own projection' or 'self-display.' [RY]

Personal experience, Rangnang, (rang snang);, three main meanings meaning of rang snang; 1) Manifestation of one's own nature: as when one says that the manifestation which arises from the primordial ground is the manifestation of the absolute nature of the ground itself, or when one says that Samantabhadra recognizes that the arising of phenomena is a manifestation of his own nature and is liberated. 2) Natural manifestation: as when one says that the sambhogakaya Buddhafields are a natural manifestation of Samantabhadra's pristine wisdom. 3) Manifestation appearing to oneself: as when one speaks of the nirmanakaya Buddhafields which appear to the the Buddhas themselves but not to other beings, not even to the Bodhisattvas of the tenth bhumi. (As opposed to gzhan snang, "which appears to others"). Although according to the context one of these meanings can be emphasized and chosen as translation, the three meanings of rang snang are always present. [MR]

Personal manifestation (rang snang). Same as 'personal experience.' [RY]

Pervasive Great Joy (he chen brdal ba); charnel ground [LW1] [RY]

Perverse view (mithya drsti, log lta). e.g. disbelief in rebirth and the laws of actions and results. [RY]

Pesang Drolma. [RY]

Pestilent Mamos (nad gtong ma mo). [ZL] [RY]

Peyul Gonpa built: 1665 [MR]

Phadampa (pha dam pa). An Indian mahasiddha who brought the Shije (zhi byed) teachings to Tibet. [RY]

Phadampa Sangye (pha dam pa sangs rgyas) A great Indian siddha who visited Tibet five times, the last time in 1098, where he taught the Shije system. His chief Tibetan disciple was the yogini Machik Labdron. [RY]

Phadampa Sangye / Dam pa sangs rgyas - Indian master who visited Tibet on several occasions; founder of the Zhi byed school [RY]

Phadampa Sangye. [RY]

Phagma Nyingtig ('phags ma snying tig) [LW1] [RY]

Phagma Nyingtig ('phags ma snying tig) [LWx] [RY]

Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo (phag mo gru pa rdo rje rgyal po, 1110-70) was one the three foremost disciples of Gampopa (see chap.10, note 45), as well as a disciple of Sakya Kunga Nyingpo (sa chen kun dga' snying po, 1092-1158). See BA, pp. 552-63. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Phagmo Drupa; Dorje Gyalpo (phag mo gru pa rdo rje rgyal po), (1110-1170): One of the three main disciples of Gampopa (1079-1153), and a disciple too of Sakya Kunga Nyingpo; (1092-1158), the forefather of the Sakya tradition. Founded the monastery of Dhensa Thil; in Lhoka, southern Tibet. [MR]

Phagri land of Gö ('gos kyi phag ri lung) [LW1] [RY]

Phakpa / ('phags pa) - Thirteenth century Sa skya master who became imperial preceptor under Qubilai Khan [RY]

Phakshab ('phags zhabs). See Nagarjuna [LW1] [RY]

Phakshab ('phags zhabs); expl. of quote; quotation by [LWx] [RY]

Phakshab; system of ('phags zhabs kyi bzhes pa) [LWx] [RY]

Phat (Skt.). The tantric sound that cuts through confusion and conceptual thinking. [RY]

Phen ('phan). [ZL] [RY]

Phenomena (chos), (snang ba). Anything that can be experienced, thought of, or known. [RY] philosophical schools (grub mtha'). See also Four Philosophical Schools; four; four types in relation to the Three Dharma Wheels [LW1] [RY]

Philosophical schools (grub mtha'). The four Buddhist schools of thought are: Vaibhashika, Sautrantika, Chittamatra, and Madhyamaka. The former two are Hinayana and the latter two Mahayana. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

philosophical schools; four types in relation to the Three Dharma Wheels [LWx] [RY]

Philosophical Vehicle (mtshan nyid kyi theg pa). A collective name for Hinayana and Mahayana. [RY]

Philosophical Vehicle; [LWx] [RY] Philosophical Vehicles (mtshan nyid kyi theg pa). A collective name for Hinayana and Mahayana; includes the three vehicles for shravakas, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas. [AL] [RY]

Philosophical Vehicles (mtshan nyid theg pa). See also vehicle [LW1] [RY]

Philosophical Vehicles; comparison with the Vajra Vehicles [LWx] [RY]

Phonya (pho nya). 1) Messenger, emissary. 2) Spiritual consort in Vajrayana practice. [ZL] [RY]

Phonya (pho nya). 1) Messenger, emissary. 2) Spiritual consort in Vajrayana practice.[Primer] [RY]

phowa - It is the Tibetan custom to offer a horse to the lama who performs the phowa for a deceased person. When a lama performs the "phowa for the living" (see chap.5, note 25) for an old or sick person, it often happens that this person faints for a while because of the power of the ritual. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Phowa ('pho ba). Ejection of consciousness to a buddhafield at the moment of death. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Phowa ('pho ba): the transference of consciousness, at the moment of death, to a Buddhafield where Buddhahood will ultimately be attained. There exists also a practice known as "phowa for the living" (gson 'pho) or"phowa transmission" ('pho lung)in which the method of the transference of the consciousness to a Buddhafield may be given, in association with a blessing to attract longevity (tshe 'gugs), to old persons before their death. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Phowa ('pho-ba) is the practice of transference of consciousness (see chap.5, note 25). Itching at the top of the head and the other signs show success in the practice and are sometimes accompanied by the opening of a small aperture at the fontanelle in which a stalk of kusa grass can be inserted. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Phowa of the celestial realm (mkha' spyod 'pho ba). A type of phowa. [RY]

Phul-gang - the 1/10 of a 'bre which is roughly 1 kg. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Phun-tshogs rnam-rgyal - Seventeenth century bKa'-brygud-pa lama who became Dharma king of the Himalayan kingdom of Sikkim. [Tarthang]

Phuntsok Namgyal / (phun tshogs rnam rgyal) - Seventeenth century bKa' brgyud pa lama who became Dharma king of the Himalayan Kingdom of Sikkim [RY]

Phuntsoling; (phun tshog gling) and Jonang; (jo nang) Ganden Phuntsoling, or Jonang Monastery, was founded by Dolpupa Sherab Gyaltsen (1292-1361), whose established his hermitage nearby, an built the Great Stupa that Gives Liberation on Sight. /by Setting Eyes upon it. The place became later the seat of the great master Jetsün Taranatha Kunga Nyingpo. [MR]

Phurba dagger. [Daki] [RY]

Phurba Tsarcham. [RY]

Phurba. [RY]

Phurpey Döntig (phur pa'i don tig) [LW1] [RY]

Phurpey Döntig [LWx] [RY]

phyar ba, thick and rough material used for many purposes, made of goat or yak hair. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Pishaca (sha za). A class of fierce, malignant, goblin-like demons, belonging to the preta realm, said to eat human flesh. [RY]

Pitaka (sde snod). 'Basket', collection of the Buddhist scriptures. There are three - Vinaya, Sutra and Abhidharma. [RY]

Pitaka (sde snod); listing four [LW1] [RY]

Pith instruction sections {man ngag sde}. Aspect of the Dzogchen tantras which is categorized into four cycles: the outer, inner, secret and unexcelled innermost cycle. [RY]

Pith Instructions on the Swift Path (myur lam dmar khrid), is the byang chub lam gyi rim pa'i dmar khrid thams cad mkhyen par 'grod pa'i myur lam by the second Panchen Lama Lobzang Yeshes (blo bzang ye shes, 1663-1737). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Places, countries and charnel grounds (gnas yul dur khrod). These refer to the 24 major places, the 32 major countries and the eight charnel grounds. When added together, there are the 64 places and countries (gnas yul drug cu rtsa bzhi). [RY]

Places, three (gnas gsum). head (=body), throat (=speech), heart (=mind) [RY]

Plain of Famine (mu ge thang) is a sandy desert near the Ba ('ba') valley, north of Ragya (rwa rgya) and northeast of the Gyupar Range (rgyud par), beyond the sand dunes of Mangri Chema (mang ri bye ma). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Planets, graha, (gza'). The seven p. are the familiar sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus and Saturn; the eighth is the fictitious and malevolent Rahu, causer of eclipses. Often a ninth is added, Ketu, the comet, likewise evil and fictitious. [RY]

pleasing actions, three types of (mnyes pa gsum) [LW1] [RY]

Pledge (samaya, dam tshig). Besides the Bodhisattva vows and (in the higher classes of Tantra) the Tantric vows, one receiving a Tantric empowerment has to take numerous pledges, which must be kept purely if the practice is to be successful. [RY]

Po and Kham (bod khams). Central and East Tibet. [RY]

Pobor Ridge [LW1] [RY]

Poetic Pronouncements (tshigs su bcad pa); aspect of excellent speech [LW1] [RY]

Pointing-out instruction (ngo sprod kyi gdams pa). The direct introduction to the nature of mind. [RY]

Pointing-out instruction (ngo sprod). The direct introduction to the nature of mind. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Pointing-out instruction (ngo sprod). The direct introduction to the nature of mind. A root guru is the master who gives the 'pointing-out instruction' so that the disciple recognizes the nature of mind. [ZL] [RY]

POINTING-OUT INSTRUCTION (ngo sprod). The direct introduction to the nature of mind. A root guru is the master who gives the 'pointing-out instruction' so that the disciple recognizes the nature of mind. [AL] [RY]

Pointing-out Instruction of Mahamudra (phyag chen ngo sprod). [EMP] [RY]

pointing-out instruction; expl. [LWx] [RY]

Poisons, three (visa, dug). Greed, hate, delusion. [RY]

Polluting demons, chaya, (grib gnon). Skt. lit. 'shadow', 'shade'. [RY]

Pond of White Lotus Flowers by Shechen Gyaltsab Pema Namgyal. 527 pages. A major historical work on the Eight Chariots of the Practice Lineage with predominant emphasis on the Nyingma School. Tibetan title: snga 'gyur rdo rje'i theg pa gtso bor gyur pa'i sgrub brgyud shing rta brgyad kyi byung ba brjod pa'i gtam rdor bsdus legs bshad pad-ma dkar po'i rdzing bu. Published by His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse, New Delhi, India. [ZL] [RY]

Postmeditation (rjes thob). Generally, the period of being involved in sense perceptions and daily activities. Specifically, the period of being distracted from the natural state of mind. [ZL] [RY]

postmeditation (rjes thob); like magical illusion; vipashyana [LW1] [RY]

posture of "royal enjoyment". (rgyal po'i rol thabs). With the right leg extended somewhat, as for example in Tara's posture. posture of royal ease. [Peter Roberts]

Potala - Mount Potala is the Pure Realm of Avalokitesvara. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Potala (gru 'dzin). The pure land of Avalokiteshvara. [ZL] [RY]

Potala [LW1] [RY]

Potala of Lhasa is said to be an earthly version of the celestial Potala Palace (pho brang ri bo gru 'dzin), the Buddhafield of Avalokitesvara. The "protector and refuge" refers here to the 9th Dalai Lama, Lungtok Gyatso, who had passed away in 1815. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Potala Palace - From the Great Fifth onwards, the Potala Palace has been the home of the Dalai Lamas. Relics of the deceased Dalai Lamas are preserved there in golden stupas. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Potala Palace of Lhasa. Its construction started in 1645 on Marpori at the order of the fifth Dalai Lama. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Potala; expl. [LWx] [RY]

potential (rigs); developed potential; in relation to sugata essence; noble potential ('phags pa'i rigs); synonyms for; two types of [LW1] [RY]

potential; developed; developed, expl.; expl.; in relation to sugata essence; noble ('phags pa'i rigs), expl.; synonyms for; two types of; [LWx] [RY]

Potowa (Po to ba): 1031-1105 [MR]

Powder Sadhana of the Eight-spoked Wheel ('khor lo rtsib brgyad phye ma'i sgrub pa). [ZL] [RY]

Power of complete remorse (rnam par sun 'byin pa'i stobs). [RY]

Power of remorse (sun 'byin pa'i stobs. [RY]

Power of resolution (dam bca' ba'i stobs). [RY]

Power of support (rten gyi stobs). [RY]

Power of the applied antidote (gnyen po kun tu spyod pa'i stobs). [RY]

Power of Truth" prayer. In a "power of truth" prayer, one normally recites that through the power of the truth of the words of the Buddha, Dharma, Sangha, and various yidam deities and protectors, the malevolent forces will be destroyed, or turned back on their creator. A brief prayer is included in Kongtrül's sadhana which does not actually mention the word "truth" but says that through the power of the recitation of the wisdom mantra of Singhamukha, the various malevolent forces will be turned back. [Peter Roberts]

Powerful Garuda Youth. [Daki] [RY]

Powerful Lotus Skull Garland (pad ma thod phreng rtsal). [ZL] [RY]

powerful nagas. Demigods that live in rivers, oceans and in underground waters. Usually portrayed as being a serpent from the waist down. They hoard both material and dharma treasures. [Peter Roberts]

powerful spirits of the eight classes of supernatural beings within the three existences (lha ma srin sde brgyad). The eight classes of supernatural beings is a native Tibetan classification, originally the eight different kinds of beings in the entourage of the principal Bon deity named Se (gsas). They are listed as being the Lu (klu), who were taken to be the equivalent of the Nagas see note 98; the Tsen (btsan), who are red fierce horse-riding spirits; the Therong (the'u rang) who ride goats and as patrons of blacksmiths carry a bellows and hammer; the Du (bdud) see note 17; the Wealth-deities (phyug lha); the Nyen (gnyan) who are often mountain deities; the Za (gza' also Tibetan for "planet") who brings lightning and epilepsy and who is sometimes identified with Rahula, the eclipse-causing demigod; and the Dralha (dgra lha) or warrior deity. They were all deities that needed propitiation and would cause harm if inadvertently annoyed. However there are a number of variant lists. The original principal Bon deity is no longer a factor in this traditional classification of spirits. [Peter Roberts]

Powerful Vajra Wrath (rdo rje drag po rtsal). [ZL] [RY]

Powerful Vajra Wrath. See Dorje Drakpo Tsal [LW1] [RY]

Powerful Vajra Wrath; expl.; [LWx] [RY]

Power-Places of Central Tibet, The Pilgrim's Guide, by Keith Dowman, published by Routledge and Kegan Paul, London and New York, 1988, pp. 345. [MR]

Powers, ten (bala, stobs). Ten aspects of the Omniscience of a Buddha, understanding karmic causes etc. [RY]

Prabhahasti (glang po'i od). Same as Prahasti. [ZL] [RY]

Prabhahasti ('od kyi glang po) [LW1] [RY]

Prabhahasti ('od kyi glang po); mention of [LWx] [RY]

Practice lineage (sgrub brgyud). The lineage of masters where the emphasis is one's personal experience of the teachings as opposed to the scholastic lineage of expounding the scriptures (bshad brgyud). See Eight Practice Lineages. [RY]

Practice Lineage (sgrub brgyud). The lineage of teachings and masters where emphasis is placed on one's personal experience of the teachings as opposed to the scholastic lineage of expounding the scriptures (bshad brgyud). This phrase also refers to the Eight Great Chariots of the Practice Lineage (sgrub brgyud shing rta brgyad), the eight schools of Buddhism that flourished in Tibet: Nyingma, Kadam, Marpa Kagyü, Shangpa Kagyü, Sakya, Jordruk, Nyendrub, Shije and Chö. Today only the first five survive as independent lineages. [EMP] [RY]

Practice mandala (sgrub pa'i man dal). The mandala plate placed on the shrine during offerings. [RY]

Practice manuals for development and completion (bskyed rdzogs kyi las byang). Sadhana texts and liturgies of tantric practices. [RY]

practice of the three Roots. The Guru, Yidam and Dakini forms of Padmasambhava. [Peter Roberts]

Practice support (sgrub rten). [RY]

Practice" Section. Practice: Skt: Pratipatti. Tib: sgrub.pa. The third section of sevasadhana practice. [Peter Roberts]

Prahasti (glang po'i od), Skt. Prabhahasti). 'Radiant Elephant.' Among the Eight Vidyadharas the receiver of the transmission of the tantras of Kilaya Activity. Born to a royal family in the western part of India and named Shakyaprabha when ordained as monk, Prahasti became extremely well-versed in the Tripitaka and studied Secret Mantra with Vajrahasya (rdo rje bzhad pa) and numerous other masters. He achieved supreme accomplishment and had, together with his disciple Shakyamitra, a tremendous impact on the Dharma in Kashmir. [ZL] [RY]

Prahevajra (dga' rab rdo rje). The human recipient of the Maha Ati teachings. See Garab Dorje. [RY]

Praise of Dependent Arising (rten 'brel bstod pa or more exactly thub pa'i dbang po'i bstod pa legs bshad snying po) praises in 58 stanzas the view of the dependent links. Composed by Tsongkhapa while doing a solitary retreat at Olkha ('ol kha), in central Tibet, it was the result of a dream in which he met Nagarjuna, Santideva, Candrakirti, Aryadeva, and other great Indian panditas who were the chief exponents of the Madhyamaka philosophy. At the end of the dream Buddhapalita stood up and blessed Tsongkhapa with a volume of his commentary on the Madhyamaka-karika. Following this dream, Tsongkhapa attained a high degree of understanding of the ultimate reality while reading a verse of Buddhapalita that states that "the self is neither different from, nor identical to, the aggregates." The same day, Tsongkhapa wrote this praise to the Lord Buddha, the Awakened One who first realized this truth. The Glory of the Three Realms (dpal ldan sa gsum ma) was also written by Tsongkhapa. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Praise of the Supramundane; Lokatita-stava; ('jig rten las 'das par bstod pa); Nagarjuna, 1st-2nd century. [PK] [RY]

Praises of Chakrasamvara [LW1] [RY]

Praises of Chakrasamvara [LWx] [RY]

Prajna (shes rab). Knowledge or intelligence. In particular, the 'knowledge of realizing egolessness.' [RY]

prajna (shes rab). See also knowledge [LW1] [RY]

Prajna and upaya (thabs dang shes rab). Prajna is knowledge or intelligence; in particular, the knowledge of realizing egolessness. Upaya is the method or technique that brings about realization. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Prajna and Upaya (thabs dang shes rab). Prajna is knowledge or intelligence; in particular, the knowledge of realizing egolessness. Upaya is the method or technique that brings about realization. See also under 'means and knowledge.'[AL] [RY]

prajna and upaya. Prajna is knowledge or intelligence; in particular, the knowledge of realizing egolessness. Upaya is the method or technique that brings about realization.[Primer] [RY]

prajna; expl. [LWx] [RY]

Prajnamula (rtsa ba shes rab) [LW1] [RY]

Prajnamula (rtsa shes); quotation from; [LWx] [RY]

Prajnaparamita - The teaching of complete omniscience; the heart of the Buddha's realization; associated with the Second Turning [RY]

Prajnaparamita (Pha rol tu phyin pa) lit. 'Perfection of Wisdom'; six paramitas are generally referred to: giving, morality, patience, effort, meditation, and wisdom. [RY]

Prajnaparamita (sher phyin ma) The Perfection of Wisdom as a female deity. [RY]

Prajna-paramita (shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa), (phar phyin). The Perfection of Wisdom, esp. as a branch of literature and study; (sher phyin ma). The Perfection of Wisdom as a female deity. [RY]

Prajnaparamita (shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa). 'Transcendent knowledge.' The Mahayana teachings on insight into emptiness, transcending the fixation of subject, object and action. Associated with the Second Turning of the Wheel of Dharma. Since Prajnaparamita eliminates the most subtle obscuration, this insight is often called Mother of All Buddhas.[Primer] [RY]

Prajnaparamita (shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa). See 'Transcendent Knowledge.' [RY]

Prajnaparamita (shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa). 'Transcendent knowledge.' The Mahayana teachings on insight into emptiness, transcending the fixation of subject, object and action. Associated with the Second Turning of the Wheel of Dharma. [Bardo Guide 91] [ZL] [RY]

Prajnaparamita (shes rab phar phyin); expl.; [LWx] [RY]

Prajñaparamita in a Hundred Thousand Verses; (shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag brgya pa). [PK] [RY]

pramana (tshad ma) [LW1] [RY]

pramana [LWx] [RY]

Prana (lung) refers to the yogic practices for gaining control over the body's energy-flow. Prana is the subtle energy compared to a blind horse riden by the "legless man" of the mind (sems). On the different kinds of prana, see BM p. 59 and YZ Vol 40, p.334. When ordinary prana circulates in the subtle channels it perpetuates the three poisons, desire, hatred and ignorance. After it has been transmuted into wisdom prana (ye shes kyi rlung), the three poisons become transmuted into their corresponding wisdoms. On Chöd, see Author's Introduction, note 32. [MR-ShabkarNotes] Prana (rlung). The 'winds' or energy-currents of the vajra body.[Primer] [RY]

Prana (rlung). The 'winds' or energy-currents of the body. [ZL] [RY]

Prana (rlung). The 'winds' or energy-currents of the vajra body. [RY]

prana (rlung; wind) See nadi, prana, and bindu. [Rain of Wisdom]

Prana (Skt., rlung). The energy-currents in body. [RY]

Prana-mind (rlung sems). Prana here is the 'wind of karma' and 'mind' the dualistic consciousness of an unenlightened being. These two are closely related.[AL] [RY]

pranayama A form of yoga practiced in the Vajrayana, which involves working with the illusory body of nadi, prana, and bindu by means of controlling mind, breath and body. [Rain of Wisdom]

Prasangika - A branch of the Madhyamaka, distinguished by complete reliance of refutation, taking no stands [RY]

Prasangika - A branch of the Madhyamaka, distinguished by complete reliance of refutation, taking no stands.[Primer] [RY]

Prasangika Madhyamaka School (dbu ma thal 'gyur pa). [RY]

Pratimoksa (so (sor) thar(pa). Vowed discipline common to followers of all three Vehicles. It is of eight types: (a) the eight fasting vows, taken for one day only; (b,c) the five vows of laymen and laywomen; (d,e) the vows of male and female novices; (f) additional vows taken by probationer nuns as a step towards becoming full nuns; (g) the discipline of the full nun (bhiksuni); (h) that of the full monk (bhikshu) [RY]

pratimoksa See individual liberation. [Rain of Wisdom]

Pratimoksa: The vows of individual liberation (so sor thar pa'i sdom pa) are seven sets of precepts intended for lay disciples, novices, and fully ordained monks and nuns. They form the foundation of the Three Vehicles. See Appendix 1. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Pratimoksha (so so thar pa). "Individual Liberation," the seven sets of precepts for ordained and lay people according to the vinaya. [RY]

Pratimoksha (so so thar pa). Individual Liberation, the seven sets of precepts for ordained and lay people according to the Vinaya scriptures on Buddhist ethics and discipline.[Primer] [RY]

Pratimoksha {so sor thar pa}. Lit. individual liberation. The vows of individual liberation are the eight categories of vows taught in the Vinaya, from the simple one day vow upto the complete vows of a fully ordained monk. [RY]

Pratyalidha (g.yas bskum g.yon brkyang). 'Counter-alidha' posture - sitting or standing with the right leg bent more sharply than the left. [RY]

Pratyekabuddha (rang rgyal), (rang sangs rgyas). 'Solitarily Enlightened One.' A Hinayana Arhat who attains Nirvana chiefly through contemplation on the twelve links of dependent origination in reverse order, without needing teachings in that lifetime. He lacks the complete realization of a buddha and so cannot benefit limitless sentient beings as a buddha does.[Primer] [RY]

Pratyekabuddha (rang rgyal), (rang sangs rgyas). 'Solitarily Enlightened One.' A Hinayana Arhant who attains Nirvana chiefly through contemplation on the twelve links of dependent origination in reverse order, without needing teachings in that lifetime. He lacks the complete realization of a buddha and so cannot benefit limitless sentient beings as a buddha does. [ZL] [RY]

Pratyekabuddha (rang rgyal), (rang sangs rgyas). 'Solitarily Enlightened One.' A Hinayana Arhant who attains Nirvana chiefly through contemplation on the twelve links of dependent origination in reverse order, without needing teachings in that lifetime. He lacks the complete realization of a buddha and so cannot benefit limitless sentient beings as a buddha does. [AL] [RY]

pratyekabuddha (rang rgyal); as noble Sangha; clasification of view; enlightenment; relation to Mahayana; vehicle as First Dharma Wheel [LW1] [RY]

Pratyekabuddha (rang sangs rgyas). 'Solitarily Enlightened One.' One who has reached perfection in the second Hinayana vehicle chiefly through contemplation on the twelve links of dependent origination in reverse order. [RY]

Pratyekabuddhas {rang sangs rgyas}. A Pratyekabuddha can attain the level of an Arhat without relying upon a teacher in this lifetime (although he has met teachers in former lifetimes). He meditates on dependent origination, the natural process through which everything arises and appears. [RY]

pratyekabuddhas; clasification of view [LWx] [RY]

Pratyeka-jina (rang rgyal ba). A synonym for pratyekabuddha. [RY]

Prayer for Dispelling Obstacles on the Path (gsol sdebs bar chad kun sel) probably the prayer revealed by Tertön Bakal Mukpo (ba mkhal smug po, see RT, vol. Bi, pp. 189-96), a former incarnation, of Chogyur Dechen Lingpa (mchog 'gyur bde chen gling pa, 1829-1870). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Prayer for the Spontaneous Fulfillment of all Aspirations (gsol 'debs bsam pa lhun grub), a terma of Rigdzin Gödem, [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Prayer of Perfect Deeds, the King of Prayers (Skt. bhadracarya pranidhana raja, Tib. bzang po spyod pa'i smon lam gyi rgyal po), taken from the Avatamsaka Sutra (phal po che, T 44). A prayer that summarizes the twelve great prayers made by Buddha Sakyamuni on the eve of his enlightenment. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Prea Thommo-reacha - Thai king; a devoted student of the Theravada said to have known the entire Pali Canon by heart. [Tarthang]

Prea Thommo-reacha - Thai-king; a devoted student of the Theravada said to have known the entire Pali Canon by heart [RY]

Preceptor, upadhyaya, (mkhan po). Principal officiant at the ordination of a monk or nun. [RY]

Precious Buddha (sangs rgyas dkon mchog). See also Buddha; expl. qualities; two aspects and six qualities of [LW1] [RY]

Precious Buddha (sangs rgyas dkon mchog). The state of buddhahood endowed with the perfect benefit for self and others. [RY]

Precious Dharma (chos dkon mchog). The truth consisting of scripture and realization. [RY]

Precious Dharma. See Dharma; two aspects and six qualities of [LW1] [RY]

Precious Garland (rin chen phreng ba) (Ratnavali) [LW1] [RY]

Precious Garland of Gold (rin chen gser 'phreng). [ZL] [RY]

Precious Garland of Lapis Lazuli, a collection of life stories of the 108 main tertöns written by Jamgön Kongtrül the First and found in Vol I of his Rinchen Terdzö. [Daki] [RY]

Precious Garland; expl. [LWx] [RY]

Precious Gathering of All Qualities; (yon tan thams cad sdud pa rin po che). [PK] [RY] PRECIOUS HUMAN BODY (mi lus rin po che). Comprised of the eight freedoms and ten riches. The freedoms are to avoid rebirth in the eight unfree states: three lower realms, a long-living god, having wrong views, a savage, a mute, or born in an age without buddhas. The riches are five from oneself and ten from others. The five riches from oneself are: to be a human, centrally born, with intact sense powers, having unperverted livelihood and faith in the right place. The five riches from others are: a buddha appeared and he taught the Dharma, the teachings remain and have followers and (teachers) who compassionately benefit others.[AL] [RY]

Precious human body (mi lus rin po che). The privileged human existence endowed with the 'eight freedoms' and the 'ten riches.' [RY]

precious human body (mi lus rin po che); explanation of freedoms and riches [LW1] [RY]

precious human body; explanation of freedoms and riches [LWx] [RY]

Precious Master of Uddiyana (o rgyan gyi slob dpon rin po che). Same as Guru Rinpoche. [RY]

precious material. The precious material that a mandala should be made of is said to be gold, silver, or copper. [Peter Roberts]

Precious mind of enlightenment (byang chub kyi sems rin po che). See 'bodhicitta.' [RY]

Precious Ones (dkon mchog). Same as the Three Jewels. For further details of their qualities, see Buddha Nature by Thrangu Rinpoche, Rangjung Yeshe Publications, 1988. [RY]

Precious Ones. See aslo Three Jewel [LW1] [RY]

Precious realms of spontaneous presence (lhun grub rin po che'i zhing). One of the last experiences in the bardo of dharmata. [RY]

Precious Sangha (dge 'dun dkon mchog). Noble and accomplished practitioners endowed with the virtues of knowledge and liberation. [RY]

Precious Sangha. See Sangha; two aspects and six qualities of [LW1] [RY]

Precious Sphere (rin po che'i sbubs). Same as "precious realms of spontaneous presence." [RY]

Precious Tala Sutra (dkon mchog ta la'i mdo) [LW1] [RY]

Precious Tala Sutra (dkon mchog ta la'i mdo) [LWx] [RY]

Precious Treasury of Sutra and Tantra (mdo rgyud rin po che mdzod) was composed in 1838, when Chöying Tobden Dorje was fifty-one years old. See GL, vol. 2, p. 186. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Precious Treasury of Termas; see also Rinchen Terdzö; [LWx] [RY]

Precious word empowerment (tshig dbang rin po che). Same as the 'fourth empowerment.' [RY]

Predispositions, anushaya, (bag la nyal). Unwholesome tendencies, much the same as defilements. [RY]

Preliminaries (sngon 'gro). The general outer preliminaries are the Four Mind Changings; the special inner preliminaries are the Four Times Hundred Thousand Practices of refuge and bodhichitta, Vajrasattva recitation, mandala offering, and guru yoga. See Torch of Certainty, Shambhala Publications, and The Great Gate, Rangjung Yeshe Publications. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Preliminaries (sngon 'gro). The general outer preliminaries are the Four Mind Changings: reflections on precious human body, impermanence and death, cause and effect of karma, and the shortcomings of samsaric existence. The special inner preliminaries are the Four Times Hundred Thousand Practices of refuge and bodhichitta, Vajrasattva recitation, mandala offering, and guru yoga. See Torch of Certainty (Shambhala Publications), and The Great Gate (Rangjung Yeshe Publications). [AL] [RY]

preliminaries (sngon 'gro); explanation of close preliminaries; for the instructions; for the session [LW1] [RY]

Preliminaries {sngon 'gro}. The common outer preliminaries which are the four thoughts to turn one's mind away from samsara, and the extra-ordinary inner preliminaries, which are the refuge, bodhicitta, Vajrasattva, mandala offering and Guru-yoga. Each of these practices has to be done 100.000 times. [RY]

preliminaries; explanation of close preliminaries; for the instructions, expl.; for the session [LWx] [RY]

preliminary ritual (sta gon). [RY]

Preparatory power of the support Same as the Power of Support. [RY]

Preparatory ritual (lhag gnas) means preliminary ritual (sta gon). The ritual for the land (sa chog) means taking hold of the site. Thus, there are the preparatory ritual for the deity (lha sta gon), for the vase (bum pa sta gon) and for the disciple (slob ma sta gon). Lhag gnas can sometimes also mean consecration (rab gnas). [RY]

preparatory ritual for the deity (lha sta gon), [RY]

preparatory ritual for the disciple (slob ma sta gon). [RY]

preparatory ritual for the vase (bum pa sta gon) [RY]

preparatory stage (nyer bsdogs); for the dhyanas [LW1] [RY]

Preta (yi dvags). 'Hungry ghost.' One of the six classes of sentient beings. [RY]

Preta (yi dvags). Lit. 'departed', i.e. the spirit of a dead person, one of the six destinies of samsaric beings, often called 'hungry ghosts' because of their main form of suffering. They are of many kinds; those that dwell in our world are normally invisible to humans, but may be seen by animals. [RY]

preta (yi dvags; hungry ghost) Pretas inhabit one of the three lower realms of samsara. They suffer the obsession of hunger and craving. It is said that even if they came upon a lake of pure fresh water, due to their heavy karmic obscurations, they would experience it as an un-drikable pool of pus, Pretas are depicted with very large bellies and very thin necks. [Rain of Wisdom] Pretapuri - Seventy-five kilometers west of Darchen, Pretapuri is one of the most sacred of the eight Underground Abodes (sa 'og gi gnas brgyad, see note 10). Vajravarahi is the chief deity of the place. According to the Padma Kathang (padma bka' thang, chap. 6), the subjugation of Rudra took place at Pretapuri. This site has also been blessed by Guru Padmasambhava and many other saints. (See MK pp. 81-88). Khyung Lung Monastery is located about thirty kilometers west of Pretapuri. It initially followed the Bönpo tradition and later turned to the Gelukpa school. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

primary acts of cognition (gtso sems) [LW1] [RY]

Primordial Buddhahood Tantra (ye nas sangs rgyas kyi rgyud). One of the Twenty-five Tantras of the Great Perfection taught by Shri Singha to Vairochana. [ZL] [RY]

Primordial Experience, Shambhala Publications. [ZL] [RY]

Primordial Lord / Protector (gdod ma'i mgon po). Synonym for Buddha Samantabhadra. [RY]

Primordial lord Changeless Light (mdod ma'i mgon po 'od mi 'gyur ba), the teacher of complete mastery in the dharmakaya realm. [RY] primordial lord Changeless Light in Dharmakaya form. Tibetan: 'od mi 'gyur. This is the Dharmakaya Buddha, also called Samantabhadra, or also, as in this practice, Samantabhadramitabha, as this is the Dharmakaya form of Amitabha. Seated in the vajra posture, with hands in the meditation mudra, coloured blue and without any costume or adornments whatsoever. [Peter Roberts]

Primordial Protector (mdod ma'i mgon po). The originally enlightened one, Adi-buddha, Samantabhadra. [RY]

Primordial purity (ka dag). The basic nature of sentient beings which is originally untainted by defilement and beyond confusion and liberation. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Prince brothers (rgyal mched). The three sons of King Trisong Deutsen: Muney Tsenpo, Murub Tsenpo and Mutri Tsenpo. [RY]

Prince Chökyi Lodrö (rgyal sras chos kyi blo gros). The second son of King Trisong Deutsen who later incarnated as Chokgyur Lingpa. [RY]

Prince Damdzin (lha sras dam 'dzin). [ZL] [RY]

Prince Damdzin. See Murub Tseypo [LW1] [RY]

Prince Damdzin; alias Murub Tseypo [LWx] [RY]

Prince Lhasey (lha sras). Same as Prince Chökyi Lodrö. [RY]

Prince Murub (lha sras mu rub). The second son of King Trisong Deutsen. [RY]

PRINCE MURUB (lha sras mu rub). The second son of King Trisong Deutsen.[AL] [RY]

Prince Translator. See Murub Tseypo [LW1] [RY]

Prince Translator; alias Murub Tseypo; [LWx] [RY]

Prince Virtuous Protector (lha sras dge mgon). The youngest son of Trisong Deutsen also known as Murub Tseypo. [ZL] [RY]

Prince Yeshe Rolpa Tsal (lha sras rol pa rtsal). Same as Prince Chökyi Lodrö. [RY]

Princess Bhrikuti;, the daughter of King Amsuvarman of Nepal (od zer go cha?), the Nepalese wife of King Songtsen Gampo. [MR]

Princess of Kharchen (mkhar chen bza'). Same as Yeshe Tsogyal. [RY]

Prior Lives of the Buddha (skyes rabs, Skt. Jataka): accounts of Lord Buddha's former lives as a Bodhisattva, which form a section of the Tengyur (bstan 'gyur). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Pristine Awareness - (Skt. jnana, ye shes) discriminating awareness born from wisdom; knowing in itself (not specific knowledge of anything); intrinsic knowledge inherent in all manifestations of existence. [RY]

Pristine simplicity which crushes delusion into dust". zang thal is a synonym of ma 'gags pa, "unobstructed", but according to Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche (Pema Wangyal) it can also be explained as zang kha ma thal du 'byung. Zang kha ma, "natural condition" refers to ma bcos pa'i gdod ma'i gnas lugs, the unmodified simplicity of the primordial nature; and thal du 'byung, "reduce to dust" refers to the annihilation of deluded thoughts, 'khrul pa'i rnam rtog. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Proclamations in Song (dbyangs su bsnyad pa); aspect of excellent speech [LW1] [RY]

Profound and extensive teachings (zab rgyas kyi chos). Same as Sutra and Mantra. [RY]

Profound Inner Topics (zab mo nang don). [EMP] [RY]

Profound lineage of pure visions (zab mo dag snang gi brgyud pa). See Pure Vision. [RY]

Profound path (zab lam). 1) The Mahamudra teachings. 2) The name of a text. [RY]

Profound Unsurpassable Meaning of the Great Perfection (a ti zab don snying po): a terma cycle rediscovered by Terdak Lingpa. The explanation for its practice was written by Jetsun Mingyur Paldrön (rje btsun mi 'gyur dpal sgron, 1699-1769), one of his daughters, who became the main holder of his teachings. See RT, vol.58 (Si) and the a ti zab don cycle published by Kocchen Tulku, Dehra Dun, 1977. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Prophecies (lung du bstan pa); aspect of excellent speech [LW1] [RY]

Prophecies of the Oral Lineage (lung bstan bka' ma). [EMP] [RY]

Prophesied Transmission (bka' bab lung bstan). One of the six or nine lineages of The Nyingma School. [RY]

Propitiation of Nagas (klu sgrub). [ZL] [RY]

Proponents of Concrete Existence (dngos por smra ba'i lugs); definition of [LWx] [RY]

Prosperity is the translation of g.yang which indicates a natural magnificence, the prosperity-yielding power of some objects or places. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Protecting wands of thousand Gods and Demons (lha 'dre stong gi sgrib shing srung ba). [ZL] [RY]

protective circle. One uses a pebble as a representation for the person you know you will have to meet, so that when you create the protective-circle that closes the retreat, they are included within it, and so their subsequent entry does not damage the retreat. [Peter Roberts]

Protective Ritual of the Highly Proficient King (kun thub rgyal po'i srung ba). [ZL] [RY]

Protective Ritual of the Invisibility Wand Against One Thousand Gods and Demons (lha 'dre stong gi sgrib shing srung ba). [ZL] [RY]

protective-circle. The protective circle is an enclosing tent composed of vajras. [Peter Roberts]

Protector (usually natha, mgon (po)). A title of deities. [RY]

Protector Amitayus Boundless Life (mgon po tshe dpag med). [RY]

Protector of the land of Snow Mountains. A name for Avalokiteshvara. [Peter Roberts]

Protectors (srung ma). See 'Dharma protector.' [ZL] [RY]

Provinsial headquarters (khams mtshan), or "college." Each province of Tibet had a college in each of the main monasteries of central Tibet. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Puja (mchod pa, cho ga, pu dza). Ritual, worship or ceremony. [RY]

Pujungwa (Phu byung ba): 1031-1106 [MR]

Pundarika [LWx] [RY]

Pundarika; Pema Karpo,the second King of Shambhala [LW1] [RY]

Punnaga tree, punnaga vrksa, (shing pun na ga). Rottleria tinctoria or Calphyllum inophyllum. [RY]

Purang Shephel Ling (spu hreng, or spu rang, bshad 'phel gling), the main Gelukpa monastery in Purang. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Pure Abodes (gnas gtsang ma). The five highest heavens among the 17 abodes of the Realms of Form. They are called 'pure' because only noble beings, achievers of the path of seeing, can take birth there. Rebirth here is caused by a pure training in the fourth dhyana depending upon whether this cultivation is lesser, medium, great, greater, or extremely great.[AL] [RY]

pure all-ground (dag pa'i kun gzhi) [LW1] [RY]

Pure Crystal Mountain (dag pa shel ri), the central and holiest snow peak of Tsari. Detailed descriptions of this mountain are given in Pema Karpo and Chökyi Nangwa's guidebooks. See also Martin (1988), Sorensen (1990, pp.114-22), and Huber (1992, note 110). Around the sacred mountain are four ravines: the Human Skin Protector Ravine (mi lpags mgon po rong), the Dazzling Ravine ('od bar rong), the Tiger's Den Ravine (stag tshang rong), and the difficult and frightening Bear's Den Ravine (dom tshang rong). In these four ravines flow four rivers related to the four empowerments (dbang bzhi). The procession of the pilgrims was divided according to geographical origin into groups called sho and would proceed in long lines headed by a group leader (stong dpon, as communicated by T.Huber). The local people would take the lead, since they knew the place well. Next came the Bhutanese, since they were good at clearing the way, followed by the strong Khampas and finally the pilgrims from central Tibet. Often the path was so narrow that the pilgrims had to walk in single file and if, for some reason, the way was blocked for those in front, they might have to wait for many hours leaning against a rock wall above a precipice. Those who were among the first fifty behind the guide were considered lucky, for the difficulty and danger were much greater for those coming further behind in the line. The main purpose of the pilgrimage was the long circumambulation of the sacred Pure Crystal Mountain. The route followed, which includes in particular the celebrated "nine passes and nine valleys" (la dgu lung dgu), has been described by Bailey (1957) and Huber (1992). Anyone who had successfully completed this pilgrimage, which could take ten to fifteen days, would find any other pilgrimage relatively easy. In the lower altitudes, there were no places or temples of particular interest. In contrast, in the upper levels of Tsari, the way led through pleasant and beautiful areas such as Chikchar (cig char), where there were many temples and sacred objects to be visited, and all were accessible throughout the year. These temples and images were nearly all destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

pure dependent phenomena (dag pa gzhan dbang) [LW1] [RY]

Pure Gold on Stone Scripture (rdo la gser zhun gyi lung). A tantra belonging the Mind Section of the Great Perfection. Vol. KA of the Nyingma Gyübum. [ZL] [RY]

Pure illusory body (dag pa sgyu lus). The form of a deity. [RY]

Pure Land - Buddhist school first developed in China that stresses devotion to Buddha Amitabha and rebirth in Amitabha's pure land [RY]

Pure Land - Buddhist school first developed in China that stresses devotion to Buddha Amitabha and rebirth in Amitabha's pure land. [Tarthang]

Pure Land (zhing khams), zhing mchog, dag pa'i zhing). a realm inhabited entirely by Arya bodhisattvas, where Buddhas teach in Sambhoga-kaya form. [RY]

Pure Land zhing khams, (zhing mchog), dag pa'i zhing). a realm inhabited entirely by Arya bodhisattvas, where Buddhas teach in Sambhoga-kaya form. [RY]

Pure Land zhing khams, zhing mchog, (dag pa'i zhing). a realm inhabited entirely by Arya bodhisattvas, where Buddhas teach in Sambhoga-kaya form. [RY]

pure perception - The attitude of sacred outlook or pure perception, is the special quality of Vajrayana. Sacred outlook refers to seeing things as they actually are, not in the ordinary deluded way where we think that earth is simply solid matter and water is merely water, wind is wind and so forth. In actuality, what appears to us as the ordinary experience of the five elements are the five female buddhas; the five aggregates are the five male buddhas, and so forth. Therefore, training oneself in pure perception is not a way of convincing oneself that things are what they are not, but rather is training in seeing things as they truly are. [Primer] [RY]

Pure perception (dag snang). Regarding the environment as a buddhafield, self and others as deities, sounds as mantras, and thoughts as wisdom. [RY]

PURE PERCEPTION (dag snang). The Vajrayana principle of regarding the environment as a buddhafield, self and others as deities, sounds as mantras, and thoughts as the display of wisdom.[AL] [RY]

Pure realm (zhing khams, dag pa'i zhing). A realm inhabited entirely by enlightened bodhisattvas, where a buddha teaches in the sambhogakaya form. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Pure Realm of U and Tsang, central Tibet, where there are many beautiful golden-roofed monasteries to be seen. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Pure Space Tantra (dbyings rnam par dag pa'i rgyud). One of the Twenty-five Tantras of the Great Perfection taught by Shri Singha to Vairochana. [ZL] [RY]

Pure vidyadharas (dag pa rig 'dzin). For details, see Liberation Through Hearing In the Bardo. [RY]

Pure Vision (dag snang), among the seven transmissions [LW1] [RY]

Pure vision (dag snang). The transmission within the pure experience of a master from another enlightened being. One of the six or nine lineages of the Nyingma School. [RY]

Pure Vision (dag snang); among the seven transmissions [LWx] [RY]

pure visions and hearing transmission. As explained by H.H. Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, in pure visions (dag snang) the tertön has a vision of Guru Padmasambhava or another saint from the lineage. In the direct oral transmission (snyan brgyud, lit. "hearing transmission"), Guru Padmasambhava appears and speaks as a real person to the tertön. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Purgyal - Tibet [LW1] [RY]

purification and payment" offering. smoke-puja: (bsang). "The smoke-puja", in which the smoke of aromatic wood and various offerings, is used to make offerings to the three jewels, etc., but also in particular local deities, in order to both purify the area and to give them a payment for their assistance and cooperation. [Peter Roberts]

Purifying the Lower Realms (ngan song sbyong ba). [ZL] [RY]

Purifying the obscurations (sgrib sbyong). The spiritual practices of clearing away what obscures the sugatagarbha; for example, the meditation and recitation of Vajrasattva according to the 'special preliminaries.' [RY]

Pushpe (Skt.). Flowers. [RY]

Pusyamitra - Founder of the Sunga dynasty in the second century B.C.; infamous for persecuting the Sangha [RY]

Putsab Serkhang Temple, Golden Orphan Temple (bu tshab gser khang gling). Temple at Samye built by Lady Gyalmo Tsün of Pho-gyong, a queen of King Trisong Deutsen. [ZL] [RY]

Putsi Pema Tashi, Lama [LW1] [RY]

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