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(return to list of '''''[[Contents & Translation of "Mulamadhyamakakarika: Verses from the Centre"]]''''')
(return to list of '''''[[Contents & Translation of "Mulamadhyamakakarika: Verses from the Centre"]]''''')


'''15. Investigation of Essences'''  
 
'''Chapter 15. Investigation of Essences'''  


'''''(Essence)'''''
'''''(Essence)'''''


<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་རྒྱུ་དང་རྐྱེན་ལས་ནི།</span><br>
<span class=TibUni18>།འབྱུང་བར་རིགས་པ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།</span><br>
<span class=TibUni18>།རྒྱུ་དང་རྐྱེན་ལས་གང་བྱུང་བའི།</span><br>
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་བྱས་པ་ཅན་དུ་འགྱུར།།</span><br>
1. /[[rang bzhin]] [[rgyu dang rkyen]] [[las]] [[ni]]/<br>
/[['byung bar]] [[rigs pa ma yin]] [[no]]/<br>
/[[rgyu dang rkyen]] [[las]] [[gang byung ba]]'i/<br>
/[[rang bzhin]] [[byas pa can]] [[du]] [['gyur]]//
1. It is unreasonable for an essence to arise from causes and conditions.  Whatever essence arose from causes
and conditions would be something that has been made.
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་བྱས་པ་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱར།</span><br>
<span class=TibUni18>།ཅི་ལྟར་བུར་ན་རུང་བར་འགྱུར།</span><br>
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་དག་ནི་བཅོས་མིན་དང།</span><br>
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་ལ་ལྟོས་པ་མེད་པ་ཡིན།།</span><br>
2./[[rang bzhin]] [[byas pa can]] [[zhes byar]]/<br>
/[[ci ltar]] [[bur]] [[na]] [[rung bar 'gyur]]/<br>
/[[rang bzhin]] [[dag]] [[ni]] [[bcos min]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[[gzhan la]] [[ltos pa med pa]] [[yin]]//
2. How is it possible for there to be "an essence which has been made?"  Essences are not contrived and not
dependent on anything else.
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་ཡོད་པ་མ་ཡིན་ན།</span><br>
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་ག་ལ་ཡོད།</span><br>
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་གྱི་དངོས་པོའི་རང་བཞིན་ནོ།</span><br>
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་ཡིན་ཞེས་བརྗོད།།</span><br>
3. /[[rang bzhin]] [[yod pa ma yin]] [[na]]/<br>
/[[gzhan gyi dngos po]] [[ga la yod]]/<br>
/[[gzhan gyi dngos po]]'i [[rang bzhin]] [[no]]/<br>
/[[gzhan gyi dngos po]] [[yin]] [[zhes]] [[brjod]]//
3. If an essence does not exist, how can the thingness of the other exist?  [For] the essence of the thingness of
the other is said to be the thingness of the other.
[There is a problem here with the Tibetan translation from Sanskrit. Svabhava is translated as rang bzhin, but
parabhava rather clumsily as gzhan gyi dngos po [the term first appears in I:3]. A Tibetan reader would thus
lose the etymological connection between "own-thing" (svabhava) and "other-thing" (parabhava), which then
link up with "thing" (bhava) and no-thing (abhava). Nagarjuna is playing on the word "thing".]
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་དང་ནི་གཞན་དངོས་དག།</span><br>
<span class=TibUni18>།མ་གཏོགས་དངོས་པོ་གང་ལ་ཡོད།</span><br>
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་དག་ནི་གཞན་དངོས་དག།</span><br>
<span class=TibUni18>།ཡོད་ན་དངོས་པོ་འགྲུབ་པར་འགྱུར།།</span><br>
4. /[[rang bzhin]] [[dang]] [[ni]] [[gzhan dngos]] [[dag]]/<br>
/[[ma gtogs]] [[dngos po]] [[gang la]]* [[yod]]/<br>
/[[rang bzhin]] [[dag]] [[ni]] [[gzhan dngos]] [[dag]]/<br>
/[[yod na]] [[dngos po]] [['grub pa]]r [['gyur]]//
*  *'''Ts''' has [[ga la]]
4. Apart from an essence and the thingness of the other, what things are there? If essences and thingnesses
of others existed, things would be established.
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་དངོས་པོ་མ་གྲུབ་ན།</span><br>
<span class=TibUni18>།དངོས་མེད་གྲུབ་པར་མི་འགྱུར་རོ།</span><br>
<span class=TibUni18>།དངོས་པོ་གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ་ནི།</span><br>
<span class=TibUni18>།དངོས་མེད་ཡིན་པར་སྐྱེ་བོ་སྨྲ།།</span><br>
5. /[[gal te]] [[dngos po]] [[ma grub na]]/<br>
/[[dngos med]] [[grub pa]]r [[mi 'gyur ro]]/<br>
/[[dngos po gzhan]] [[du]] [['gyur ba]] [[ni]]/<br>
/[[dngos med]] [[yin par]] [[skye bo]] [[smra]]//
5. If things were not established, non-things would not be established.  [When] a thing becomes something
else, people say that it is a non-thing.


<span class=TibUni18>།གང་དག་རང་བཞིན་གཞན་དངོས་དང།</span><br>


1. rang bzhin rgyu dang rkyen las ni/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།དངོས་དང་དངོས་མེད་ཉིད་ལྟ་བ།</span><br>
'byung bar rigs pa ma yin no/<br>
rgyu dang rkyen las gang byung ba'i/<br>
rang bzhin byas pa can du 'gyur/<br>


1. It is unreasonable for an essence to arise from causes and conditions.  Whatever essence arose from causes and conditions would be something that has been made.
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་དག་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་ལ།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཉིད་མཐོང་བ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།།</span><br>


6. /[[gang dag]] [[rang bzhin]] [[gzhan dngos]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[[dngos dang dngos med]] [[nyid]] [[lta ba]]/<br>
/[[de dag]] [[sangs rgyas bstan pa]] [[la]]/<br>
/[[de nyid mthong ba]] [[ma yin no]]//


2. rang bzhin byas pa can zhes byar/<br>
6. Those who view essence, thingness of the other, things and non-things do not see the suchness in the
ci ltar bur na rung bar 'gyur/<br>
rang bzhin dag ni bcos min dang/<br>
gzhan la ltos pa med pa yin/<br>


2. How is it possible for there to be "an essence which has been made?"  Essences are not contrived and not dependent on anything else.
teaching of the awakened.


<span class=TibUni18>།བཅོམ་ལྡན་དངོས་དང་དངོས་མེད་པ།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།མཁྱེན་པས་ཀ་ཏ་ཡ་ན་ནོག་ཅན་ཡི།</span><br>


3. rang bzhin yod pa ma yin na/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།གདམས་ངག་ལས་ནི་ཡོད་པ་དང།</span><br>
gzhan gyi dngos po ga la yod/<br>
gzhan gyi dngos po'i rang bzhin no/<br>
gzhan gyi dngos po yin zhes brjod/<br>


3. If an essence does not exist, how can the thingness of the other exist?  [For] the essence of the thingness of the other is said to be the thingness of the other.
<span class=TibUni18>།མེད་པ་གཉི་གའང་དགག་པར་མཛད།།</span><br>


[There is a problem here with the Tibetan translation from Sanskrit. Svabhava is translated as rang bzhin, but parabhava rather clumsily as gzhan gyi dngos po [the term first appears in I:3]. A Tibetan reader would thus lose the etymological connection between "own-thing" (svabhava) and "other-thing" (parabhava), which then link up with "thing" (bhava) and no-thing (abhava). Nagarjuna is playing on the word "thing".]
7. /[[bcom ldan]] [[dngos dang dngos med]] [[pa]]/<br>
/[[mkhyen pa]]s [[ka ta ya na nog can]] [[yi]]/<br>
/[[gdams ngag]] [[las]] [[ni]] [[yod pa]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[[med pa]] [[gnyi ga]][['ang]] [[dgag pa]]r [[mdzad]]//


7. Through knowing things and non-things, the Buddha negated both existence and non-existence in his


Advice to Katyayana.


4. rang bzhin dang ni gzhan dngos dag/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་ཡོད་ན།</span><br>
ma gtogs dngos po gang ['''Ts.'''=ga] la yod/<br>
rang bzhin dag ni gzhan dngos dag/<br>
yod na dngos po 'grub par 'gyur/<br>


4. Apart from an essence and the thingness of the other, what things are there? If essences and thingnesses of others existed, things would be established.
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་མེད་ཉིད་མི་འགྱུར་རོ།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ་ནི།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།ནམ་ཡང་འཐད་པ་མི་འགྱུར་རོ།།</span><br>


5. gal te dngos po ma grub na/<br>
8. /[[gal te]] [[rang bzhin gyis]] [[yod na]]/<br>
dngos med grub par mi 'gyur ro/<br>
/[[de ni]] [[med nyid]] [[mi 'gyur ro]]/<br>
dngos po gzhan du 'gyur ba ni/<br>
/[[rang bzhin]] [[gzhan du 'gyur ba]] [[ni]]/<br>
dngos med yin par skye bo smra/<br>
/[[nam yang]] [['thad pa]] [[mi 'gyur ro]]//


5. If things were not established, non-things would not be established[When] a thing becomes something else, people say that it is a non-thing.
8. If [things] existed essentially, they would not come to non-existenceIt is never the case that an essence


could become something else.


<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་ཡོད་པ་མ་ཡིན་ན།</span><br>


6. gang dag rang bzhin gzhan dngos dang/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ་གང་གི་ཡིན།</span><br>
dngos dang dngos med nyid lta ba/<br>
de dag sangs rgyas bstan pa la/<br>
de nyid mthong ba ma yin no/<br>


6. Those who view essence, thingness of the other, things and non-things do not see the suchness in the teaching of the awakened.
<span class=TibUni18>།རང་བཞིན་ཡོད་པ་ཡིན་ན་ཡང།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ་གང་གི་ཡིན།།</span><br>


9. /[[rang bzhin]] [[yod pa ma yin]] [[na]]/<br>
/[[gzhan du 'gyur ba]] [[gang gi]] [[yin]]/<br>
/[[rang bzhin]] [[yod pa yin]] [[na yang]]/<br>
/[[gzhan du 'gyur ba]] [[gang gi]] [[yin]]//


7. bcom ldan dngos dang dngos med pa/<br>
9. If essences did not exist, what could become something else? Even if essences existed, what could become
mkhyen pas ka tya ya na yi/<br>
gdams ngag las ni yod pa dang/<br>
med pa gnyi ga'ang dgag par mdzad/<br>


7. Through knowing things and non-things, the Buddha negated both existence and non-existence in his Advice to Katyayana.
something else?


<span class=TibUni18>།ཡོད་ཅེས་བྱ་བ་རྟག་པར་འཛིན།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།མེད་ཅེས་བྱ་བ་ཆད་པར་ལྟ།</span><br>


8. gal te rang bzhin gyis yod na/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཕྱིར་ཡོད་དང་མེད་པ་ལ།</span><br>
de ni med nyid mi 'gyur ro/<br>
rang bzhin gzhan du 'gyur ba ni/<br>
nam yang 'thad pa mi 'gyur ro/<br>


8. If [things] existed essentially, they would not come to non-existence.  It is never the case that an essence could become something else.
<span class=TibUni18>།མཁས་པས་གནས་པར་མི་བྱའོ།།</span><br>


10. /[[yod]] [[ces bya ba]] [[rtag par]] [['dzin]]/<br>
/[[med]] [[ces bya ba]] [[chad pa]]r [[lta]]/<br>
/[[de phyir]] [[yod dang med pa]] [[la]]/<br>
/[[mkhas pa]]s [[gnas pa]]r [[mi]] [[bya]][['o]]//


10. "Existence" is the grasping at permanence; "non-existence" is the view of annihilation. Therefore, the wise


9. rang bzhin yod pa ma yin na/<br>
do not dwell, in existence or non-existence.  
gzhan du 'gyur ba gang gi yin/<br>
rang bzhin yod pa yin na yang/<br>
gzhan du 'gyur ba gang gi yin/<br>


9. If essences did not exist, what could become something else? Even if essences existed, what could become something else?
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་ཞིག་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་ཡོད་པ།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་མེད་པ་མིན་པས་རྟག།</span><br>


10. yod ces bya ba rtag par 'dzin/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།སྔོན་བྱུང་ད་ལྟར་མེད་ཅེས་པ།</span><br>
med ces bya ba chad par lta/<br>
de phyir yod dang med pa la/<br>
mkhas pas gnas par mi bya'o/<br>


10. "Existence" is the grasping at permanence; "non-existence" is the view of annihilation. Therefore, the wise do not dwell, in existence or non-existence.
<span class=TibUni18>།དས་ན་ཆད་པར་ཐལ་བར་འགྱུར།།</span><br>


11. /[[gang zhig]] [[rang bzhin gyis yod pa]]/<br>
/[[de ni]] [[med pa min]] [[pas]] [[rtag]]/<br>
/[[sngon byung]] [[da ltar]] [[med]] [[ces pa]]/<br>
/[[da]]s [[na]] [[chad pa]]r [[thal bar 'gyur]]//


11. "Since that which exists by its essence is not non-existent," is [the view of] permanence. "That which


11. gang zhig rang bzhin gyis yod pa/<br>
arose before is now non-existent,"leads to [the view of] annihilation.
de ni med pa min pas rtag/<br>
sngon byung da ltar med ces pa/<br>
das na chad par thal bar 'gyur/<br>


11. "Since that which exists by its essence is not non-existent," is [the view of] permanence. "That which arose before is now non-existent,"leads to [the view of] annihilation.
<span class=TibUni18>རང་བཞིན་བརྟག་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་སྟེ་རབ་ཏུ་བྱེད་པ་བཅོ་ལྔ་པའོ།།</span><br>


rang bzhin brtag pa zhes bya ba ste rab tu byed pa bco lnga pa'o //<br>
/[[rang bzhin]] [[brtag pa]] [[zhes bya ba]] [[ste]] [[rab tu byed pa]] [[bco lnga pa]][['o]]//

Revision as of 17:06, 6 November 2009

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Chapter 15. Investigation of Essences

(Essence)

།རང་བཞིན་རྒྱུ་དང་རྐྱེན་ལས་ནི།

།འབྱུང་བར་རིགས་པ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།

།རྒྱུ་དང་རྐྱེན་ལས་གང་བྱུང་བའི།

།རང་བཞིན་བྱས་པ་ཅན་དུ་འགྱུར།།

1. /rang bzhin rgyu dang rkyen las ni/
/'byung bar rigs pa ma yin no/
/rgyu dang rkyen las gang byung ba'i/
/rang bzhin byas pa can du 'gyur//

1. It is unreasonable for an essence to arise from causes and conditions. Whatever essence arose from causes

and conditions would be something that has been made.

།རང་བཞིན་བྱས་པ་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱར།

།ཅི་ལྟར་བུར་ན་རུང་བར་འགྱུར།

།རང་བཞིན་དག་ནི་བཅོས་མིན་དང།

།གཞན་ལ་ལྟོས་པ་མེད་པ་ཡིན།།

2./rang bzhin byas pa can zhes byar/
/ci ltar bur na rung bar 'gyur/
/rang bzhin dag ni bcos min dang/
/gzhan la ltos pa med pa yin//

2. How is it possible for there to be "an essence which has been made?" Essences are not contrived and not

dependent on anything else.

།རང་བཞིན་ཡོད་པ་མ་ཡིན་ན།

།གཞན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་ག་ལ་ཡོད།

།གཞན་གྱི་དངོས་པོའི་རང་བཞིན་ནོ།

།གཞན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་ཡིན་ཞེས་བརྗོད།།

3. /rang bzhin yod pa ma yin na/
/gzhan gyi dngos po ga la yod/
/gzhan gyi dngos po'i rang bzhin no/
/gzhan gyi dngos po yin zhes brjod//

3. If an essence does not exist, how can the thingness of the other exist? [For] the essence of the thingness of

the other is said to be the thingness of the other.

[There is a problem here with the Tibetan translation from Sanskrit. Svabhava is translated as rang bzhin, but

parabhava rather clumsily as gzhan gyi dngos po [the term first appears in I:3]. A Tibetan reader would thus

lose the etymological connection between "own-thing" (svabhava) and "other-thing" (parabhava), which then

link up with "thing" (bhava) and no-thing (abhava). Nagarjuna is playing on the word "thing".]

།རང་བཞིན་དང་ནི་གཞན་དངོས་དག།

།མ་གཏོགས་དངོས་པོ་གང་ལ་ཡོད།

།རང་བཞིན་དག་ནི་གཞན་དངོས་དག།

།ཡོད་ན་དངོས་པོ་འགྲུབ་པར་འགྱུར།།

4. /rang bzhin dang ni gzhan dngos dag/
/ma gtogs dngos po gang la* yod/
/rang bzhin dag ni gzhan dngos dag/
/yod na dngos po 'grub par 'gyur//

4. Apart from an essence and the thingness of the other, what things are there? If essences and thingnesses

of others existed, things would be established.

།གལ་ཏེ་དངོས་པོ་མ་གྲུབ་ན།

།དངོས་མེད་གྲུབ་པར་མི་འགྱུར་རོ།

།དངོས་པོ་གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ་ནི།

།དངོས་མེད་ཡིན་པར་སྐྱེ་བོ་སྨྲ།།

5. /gal te dngos po ma grub na/
/dngos med grub par mi 'gyur ro/
/dngos po gzhan du 'gyur ba ni/
/dngos med yin par skye bo smra//

5. If things were not established, non-things would not be established. [When] a thing becomes something

else, people say that it is a non-thing.

།གང་དག་རང་བཞིན་གཞན་དངོས་དང།

།དངོས་དང་དངོས་མེད་ཉིད་ལྟ་བ།

།དེ་དག་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་ལ།

།དེ་ཉིད་མཐོང་བ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།།

6. /gang dag rang bzhin gzhan dngos dang/
/dngos dang dngos med nyid lta ba/
/de dag sangs rgyas bstan pa la/
/de nyid mthong ba ma yin no//

6. Those who view essence, thingness of the other, things and non-things do not see the suchness in the

teaching of the awakened.

།བཅོམ་ལྡན་དངོས་དང་དངོས་མེད་པ།

།མཁྱེན་པས་ཀ་ཏ་ཡ་ན་ནོག་ཅན་ཡི།

།གདམས་ངག་ལས་ནི་ཡོད་པ་དང།

།མེད་པ་གཉི་གའང་དགག་པར་མཛད།།

7. /bcom ldan dngos dang dngos med pa/
/mkhyen pas ka ta ya na nog can yi/
/gdams ngag las ni yod pa dang/
/med pa gnyi ga'ang dgag par mdzad//

7. Through knowing things and non-things, the Buddha negated both existence and non-existence in his

Advice to Katyayana.

།གལ་ཏེ་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་ཡོད་ན།

།དེ་ནི་མེད་ཉིད་མི་འགྱུར་རོ།

།རང་བཞིན་གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ་ནི།

།ནམ་ཡང་འཐད་པ་མི་འགྱུར་རོ།།

8. /gal te rang bzhin gyis yod na/
/de ni med nyid mi 'gyur ro/
/rang bzhin gzhan du 'gyur ba ni/
/nam yang 'thad pa mi 'gyur ro//

8. If [things] existed essentially, they would not come to non-existence. It is never the case that an essence

could become something else.

།རང་བཞིན་ཡོད་པ་མ་ཡིན་ན།

།གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ་གང་གི་ཡིན།

།རང་བཞིན་ཡོད་པ་ཡིན་ན་ཡང།

།གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ་གང་གི་ཡིན།།

9. /rang bzhin yod pa ma yin na/
/gzhan du 'gyur ba gang gi yin/
/rang bzhin yod pa yin na yang/
/gzhan du 'gyur ba gang gi yin//

9. If essences did not exist, what could become something else? Even if essences existed, what could become

something else?

།ཡོད་ཅེས་བྱ་བ་རྟག་པར་འཛིན།

།མེད་ཅེས་བྱ་བ་ཆད་པར་ལྟ།

།དེ་ཕྱིར་ཡོད་དང་མེད་པ་ལ།

།མཁས་པས་གནས་པར་མི་བྱའོ།།

10. /yod ces bya ba rtag par 'dzin/
/med ces bya ba chad par lta/
/de phyir yod dang med pa la/
/mkhas pas gnas par mi bya'o//

10. "Existence" is the grasping at permanence; "non-existence" is the view of annihilation. Therefore, the wise

do not dwell, in existence or non-existence.

།གང་ཞིག་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་ཡོད་པ།

།དེ་ནི་མེད་པ་མིན་པས་རྟག།

།སྔོན་བྱུང་ད་ལྟར་མེད་ཅེས་པ།

།དས་ན་ཆད་པར་ཐལ་བར་འགྱུར།།

11. /gang zhig rang bzhin gyis yod pa/
/de ni med pa min pas rtag/
/sngon byung da ltar med ces pa/
/das na chad par thal bar 'gyur//

11. "Since that which exists by its essence is not non-existent," is [the view of] permanence. "That which

arose before is now non-existent,"leads to [the view of] annihilation.

རང་བཞིན་བརྟག་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་སྟེ་རབ་ཏུ་བྱེད་པ་བཅོ་ལྔ་པའོ།།

/rang bzhin brtag pa zhes bya ba ste rab tu byed pa bco lnga pa'o//