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'''12. Investigation of Anguish''' | '''Chapter 12. Investigation of Anguish''' | ||
'''''(Anguish)''''' | '''''(Anguish)''''' - ([[sdug bsngal]]) | ||
[Tib. has "Investigation of what is made by me and made by others" while Skt. has ''duhkha''.] | |||
_________________________________ | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།ཁ་ཅིག་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བདག་གིས་བྱས།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་གྱིས་བྱས་དང་གཉི་གས་བྱས།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།རྒྱུ་མེད་པ་ལས་འབྱུང་བར་འདོད།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་བྱ་བར་མི་རུང་ངོ།།</span><br> | |||
1. kha cig sdug bsngal bdag gis byas /<br> | 1. [[kha cig]] [[sdug bsngal]] [[bdag gis]] [[byas]]/<br> | ||
gzhan gyis byas dang gnyi | [[gzhan gyis byas]] [[dang]] [[gnyi ga]]s [[byas]]/<br> | ||
rgyu med pa* las 'byung | [[rgyu med pa]]* [[las 'byung ba]]r [['dod]]/<br> | ||
de ni bya | [[de ni]] [[bya ba]]r [[mi rung]] [[ngo]]// | ||
['''Lha.''' *par] | ['''Lha.''' *par] | ||
1. Some assert that anguish arises from being made by self, made by other, by both, without cause. To do that is not suitable. | 1. Some assert that anguish arises from being made by self, made by other, by both, without | ||
cause. To do that is not suitable. | |||
_________________________________ | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་བདག་གིས་བྱས་གྱུར་ན།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཕྱིར་བརྟེན་ནས་འབྱུང་མི་འགྱུར།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་ཕྱིར་ཕུང་པོ་འདི་དག་ལ།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།བརྟེན་ནས་ཕུང་པོ་དེ་དག་འབྱུང།།</span><br> | |||
2. [[gal te]] [[bdag gis]] [[byas]] [[gyur na]]/<br> | |||
[[de phyir]] [[brten nas]] [['byung]] [[mi 'gyur]]/<br> | |||
[[gang phyir]] [[phung po]] [['di dag]] [[la]]/<br> | |||
[[brten nas]] [[phung po]] [[de dag]] [['byung]]// | |||
2. If it were made by self, therefore it would not be contingently arising, because those | |||
aggregates arise contingently on these aggregates. | |||
[A difficulty with this entire chapter is to know what [[bdag]] (self) refers to in the context of the creation of anguish. Does it refer to "oneself", i.e. the person who suffers, or to anguish "itself?" In verse 2, the latter reading would seem to suggest itself, but then it would be at odds with the subsequent verses, where [[Nagarjuna]] explicitly introduces the ideas of svapudgala and parapudgala (one's own person and the other person) as the creators of anguish. Verse 10, with its comparison of anguish with external things, likewise would suggest the latter reading. I have chosen to translate the entire chapter (thus leaving v. 10 ambiguous) in the former sense. The crucial issue here, I feel, is the confusion around what it means to say "I cause myself pain."] | |||
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<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་འདི་ལས་དེ་གཞན་ཞིང།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་དེ་ལས་འདི་གཞན་ན།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།སྡུག་བསྣགལ་གཞན་གྱིས་བྱས་འགྱུར་ཞིང།</span><br> | |||
4. gal te gang zag bdag gis ni /<br> | <span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་དེ་དག་གིས་དེ་བྱས་འགྱུར།།</span><br> | ||
sdug bsngal byas na gang bdag gis /<br> | |||
sdug bsngal byas pa'i gang zag ni* /<br> | 3. [[gal te]] [['di las]] [[de]] [[gzhan]] [[zhing]]/<br> | ||
sdug bsngal ma gtogs gang zhig yin / | [[gal te]] [[de las]] [['di]] [[gzhan na]]/<br> | ||
[[sdug bsngal]] [[gzhan gyis byas]] [['gyur zhing]]/<br> | |||
[[gzhan]] [[de dag gis]] [[de]] [[bya]]s [['gyur]]// | |||
3. If that were other than this and if this were other than that, anguish would be made by | |||
other and that would be made by those others. | |||
[ '''Ts.''' 244 is happy with the reading of lines c-d by ''Buddhapalita'' and ''Sherab Dronme'': ''[[gzhan]] [[de dag gis]] [['di byas]] [[pas]]''/''[[sdug bsngal]] [[gzhan gyis]] [[byas pa]]r [['gyur]]'' -- which is equivalent to "...anguish would be made by others since those others made this."] | |||
_________________________________ | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་གང་ཟག་བདག་གིས་ནི།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།སྡུག་བསྔལ་བྱས་ན་གང་བདག་གིས།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།སྡུག་བསྔལ་བྱས་པའི་གང་ཟག་ནི།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།སྡུག་བསྔལ་མ་གཏོགས་གང་ཞིག་ཡིན།།</span><br> | |||
4. [[gal te]] [[gang zag bdag]] [[gis]] [[ni]]/<br> | |||
[[sdug bsngal]] [[byas na]] [[gang]] [[bdag gis]]/<br> | |||
[[sdug bsngal]] [[byas pa]]'i [[gang zag]] [[ni]]*/<br> | |||
[[sdug bsngal]] [[ma gtogs]] [[gang zhig]] [[yin]]// | |||
['''Lha.''' *de] | ['''Lha.''' *de] | ||
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4. If anguish were made by one's own person, who would that person be who has made anguish by himself, but is not included in the anguish? | 4. If anguish were made by one's own person, who would that person be who has made anguish by himself, but is not included in the anguish? | ||
_________________________________ | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་གང་ཟག་གཞན་ལས་ནི།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།སྡུག་བསྔལ་འབྱུང་ན་གཞན་ཞིག་གིས།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།སྡུག་བསྔལ་དེ་བྱས་གང་སྦྱིན་དེ།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།སྡུག་བསྣགལ་མ་གཏོགས་ཇི་ལྟར་རུང།།</span><br> | |||
5. [[gal te]] [[gang zag]] [[gzhan las]] [[ni]]/<br> | |||
[[sdug bsngal]] [['byung]] [[na]] [[gzhan zhig]] [[gis]]/<br> | |||
[[sdug bsngal]] [[de]] [[byas]] [[gang]] [[sbyin]] [[de]]/<br> | |||
[[sdug bsngal]] [[ma gtogs]] [[ji ltar]] [[rung]]// | |||
5. | 5. If anguish arose from another person, how could it be suitable for there to be [someone] | ||
not included in the anguish, who has been given it by another who made the anguish? | |||
_________________________________ | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་གང་ཟག་གཞན་སྡུག་བསྔལ།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།འབྱུང་ན་གང་གིས་དེ་བྱས་ནས།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་ལ་སྟེར་བའི་གང་ཟག་གཞན།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།སྡུག་བསྔལ་མ་གཏོགས་གང་ཞིག་ཡིན།</span><br> | |||
['' | 6. [[gal te]] [[gang zag]] [[gzhan sdug]] [[bsngal]]/<br> | ||
[['byung]] [[na]] [[gang gis]] [[de]] [[byas nas]]/<br> | |||
[[gzhan la]] [[ster ba]]'i [[gang zag]] [[gzhan]]/<br> | |||
[[sdug bsngal]] [[ma gtogs]] [[gang zhig]] [[yin]]// | |||
6. If anguish arose [from] another person, who would that other person be who, having made | |||
it, gives it to someone else, but is not included in the anguish? | |||
['''Ts.''' 246 points out that this verse is not found in ''[[Buddhapalita]]'' or ''Sherab Dronme'', but is found in [[Chandrakirti]].] | |||
_________________________________ | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།བདག་གིས་བྱས་པར་མ་གྲུབ་པས།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།སྡུག་བསྔལ་གཞན་གྱིས་ག་ལ་བྱས།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་གྱིས་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གང་བྱེད་པ།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་དེ་ཡི་བདག་བྱས་འགྱུར།།</span><br> | |||
7. bdag gis byas | 7. [[bdag gis]] [[byas pa]]r [[ma grub pa]]s/<br> | ||
sdug bsngal gzhan gyis ga la byas /<br> | [[sdug bsngal]] [[gzhan gyis]] [[ga la]] [[byas]]/<br> | ||
gzhan gyis sdug bsngal gang byed pa /<br> | [[gzhan gyis]] [[sdug bsngal]] [[gang byed]] [[pa]]/<br> | ||
de ni de yi bdag byas 'gyur / | [[de ni]] [[de]] [[yi]] [[bdag]] [[byas]] [['gyur]]// | ||
7. Since it is not established as made by self, how can anguish have been made by other? | |||
[For] whatever anguish is made by other, that has been made by his self. | |||
_________________________________ | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།རེ་ཞིག་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བདག་བྱས་མིན།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཉིད་ཀྱིས་ནི་དེ་མ་བྱས།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་གཞན་བདག་མ་བྱས་ན།</span><br> | |||
8. re zhig sdug bsngal bdag byas min /<br> | <span class=TibUni18>།སྡུག་བསྔལ་གཞན་བྱས་ག་ལ་འགྱུར།།</span><br> | ||
de nyid kyis ni de ma byas /<br> | |||
gal te gzhan bdag ma byas na /<br> | 8. [[re zhig]] [[sdug bsngal]] [[bdag]] [[byas min]]/<br> | ||
sdug bsngal gzhan byas ga la 'gyur / | [[de nyid]] [[kyis]] [[ni]] [[de ma]] [[byas]]/<br> | ||
[[gal te]] [[gzhan]] [[bdag]] [[ma byas]] [[na]]/<br> | |||
[[sdug bsngal]] [[gzhan]] [[byas]] [[ga la 'gyur]]// | |||
8. Anguish is not made [by] self; that is not made by that itself. If it is not made by an other self, how can anguish be made by other? | 8. Anguish is not made [by] self; that is not made by that itself. If it is not made by an other self, how can anguish be made by other? | ||
_________________________________ | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་རེ་རེས་བྱས་གྱུར་ན།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།སྡུག་བསྔལ་གཉིས་ཀས་བྱས་པར་འགྱུར།</span><br> | |||
[*'''Lha.''' gzhan gyis ma byas bdag ma byas] | <span class=TibUni18>།བདག་གིས་མ་བྱས་གཞན་མ་བྱས།</span><br> | ||
<span class=TibUni18>།སྡུག་བསྔལ་རྒྱུ་མེད་ག་ལ་འགྱུར།།</span><br> | |||
9. [[gal te]] [[re res]] [[byas]] [[gyur na]]/<br> | |||
[[sdug bsngal]] [[gnyis ka]]s [[byas pa]]r [['gyur]]/<br> | |||
[[bdag gis]] [[ma byas]] [[gzhan ma]] [[byas]]*/<br> | |||
[[sdug bsngal]] [[rgyu med]] [[ga la 'gyur]]// | |||
['''Lha.''' [[gzhan gyis]] [[ma byas]] [[bdag]] [[ma byas]]*] | |||
9. If it is made by each, anguish would be made by both. Not made by self, not made by other, how can anguish have no cause? | 9. If it is made by each, anguish would be made by both. Not made by self, not made by other, how can anguish have no cause? | ||
_________________________________ | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།སྡུག་བསྔལ་འབའ་ཞིག་རྣམ་པ་བཞི།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།ཡོད་མ་ཡིན་པར་མ་ཟད་ཀྱི།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།ཕྱི་རོལ་དངོས་པོ་དག་ལ་ཡང།</span><br> | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།རྣམ་པ་བཞི་པོ་ཡོད་མ་ཡིན།།</span><br> | |||
10. [[sdug bsngal]] [['ba' zhig]] [[rnam pa bzhi]]/<br> | |||
[[yod ma yin]] [[par ma]] [[zad]] [[kyi]]/<br> | |||
[[phyi rol dngos po]] [[dag]] [[la yang]]/<br> | |||
[[rnam pa]] [[bzhi po]] [[yod ma yin]]// | |||
10. Not only does anguish alone not have the four aspects, external things too do not have | |||
the four aspects. | |||
_________________________________ | |||
<span class=TibUni18>།བདག་གིས་བྱས་པ་དང་གཞན་གྱིས་བྱས་པ་བརྟག་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་སྟེ་རབ་ཏུ་བྱེད་པ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པའོ།།</span><br> | |||
bdag gis byas pa dang gzhan gyis byas pa brtag pa zhes bya ba ste rab tu byed pa bcu gnyis pa'o // | [[bdag gis]] [[byas pa]] [[dang]] [[gzhan gyis]] [[byas pa]] [[brtag pa]] [[zhes bya ba]] [[ste]] [[rab tu byed pa]] [[bcu gnyis pa]]'o// | ||
---- | |||
[[Category:I]] [[Category:Teachings]] [[Category:Key Terms]] | |||
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Chapter 12. Investigation of Anguish
(Anguish) - (sdug bsngal)
[Tib. has "Investigation of what is made by me and made by others" while Skt. has duhkha.]
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།ཁ་ཅིག་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བདག་གིས་བྱས།
།གཞན་གྱིས་བྱས་དང་གཉི་གས་བྱས།
།རྒྱུ་མེད་པ་ལས་འབྱུང་བར་འདོད།
།དེ་ནི་བྱ་བར་མི་རུང་ངོ།།
1. kha cig sdug bsngal bdag gis byas/
gzhan gyis byas dang gnyi gas byas/
rgyu med pa* las 'byung bar 'dod/
de ni bya bar mi rung ngo//
[Lha. *par]
1. Some assert that anguish arises from being made by self, made by other, by both, without cause. To do that is not suitable.
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།གལ་ཏེ་བདག་གིས་བྱས་གྱུར་ན།
།དེ་ཕྱིར་བརྟེན་ནས་འབྱུང་མི་འགྱུར།
།གང་ཕྱིར་ཕུང་པོ་འདི་དག་ལ།
།བརྟེན་ནས་ཕུང་པོ་དེ་དག་འབྱུང།།
2. gal te bdag gis byas gyur na/
de phyir brten nas 'byung mi 'gyur/
gang phyir phung po 'di dag la/
brten nas phung po de dag 'byung//
2. If it were made by self, therefore it would not be contingently arising, because those aggregates arise contingently on these aggregates.
[A difficulty with this entire chapter is to know what bdag (self) refers to in the context of the creation of anguish. Does it refer to "oneself", i.e. the person who suffers, or to anguish "itself?" In verse 2, the latter reading would seem to suggest itself, but then it would be at odds with the subsequent verses, where Nagarjuna explicitly introduces the ideas of svapudgala and parapudgala (one's own person and the other person) as the creators of anguish. Verse 10, with its comparison of anguish with external things, likewise would suggest the latter reading. I have chosen to translate the entire chapter (thus leaving v. 10 ambiguous) in the former sense. The crucial issue here, I feel, is the confusion around what it means to say "I cause myself pain."]
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།གལ་ཏེ་འདི་ལས་དེ་གཞན་ཞིང།
།གལ་ཏེ་དེ་ལས་འདི་གཞན་ན།
།སྡུག་བསྣགལ་གཞན་གྱིས་བྱས་འགྱུར་ཞིང།
།གཞན་དེ་དག་གིས་དེ་བྱས་འགྱུར།།
3. gal te 'di las de gzhan zhing/
gal te de las 'di gzhan na/
sdug bsngal gzhan gyis byas 'gyur zhing/
gzhan de dag gis de byas 'gyur//
3. If that were other than this and if this were other than that, anguish would be made by other and that would be made by those others.
[ Ts. 244 is happy with the reading of lines c-d by Buddhapalita and Sherab Dronme: gzhan de dag gis 'di byas pas/sdug bsngal gzhan gyis byas par 'gyur -- which is equivalent to "...anguish would be made by others since those others made this."]
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།གལ་ཏེ་གང་ཟག་བདག་གིས་ནི།
།སྡུག་བསྔལ་བྱས་ན་གང་བདག་གིས།
།སྡུག་བསྔལ་བྱས་པའི་གང་ཟག་ནི།
།སྡུག་བསྔལ་མ་གཏོགས་གང་ཞིག་ཡིན།།
4. gal te gang zag bdag gis ni/
sdug bsngal byas na gang bdag gis/
sdug bsngal byas pa'i gang zag ni*/
sdug bsngal ma gtogs gang zhig yin//
[Lha. *de]
4. If anguish were made by one's own person, who would that person be who has made anguish by himself, but is not included in the anguish?
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།གལ་ཏེ་གང་ཟག་གཞན་ལས་ནི།
།སྡུག་བསྔལ་འབྱུང་ན་གཞན་ཞིག་གིས།
།སྡུག་བསྔལ་དེ་བྱས་གང་སྦྱིན་དེ།
།སྡུག་བསྣགལ་མ་གཏོགས་ཇི་ལྟར་རུང།།
5. gal te gang zag gzhan las ni/
sdug bsngal 'byung na gzhan zhig gis/
sdug bsngal de byas gang sbyin de/
sdug bsngal ma gtogs ji ltar rung//
5. If anguish arose from another person, how could it be suitable for there to be [someone] not included in the anguish, who has been given it by another who made the anguish?
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།གལ་ཏེ་གང་ཟག་གཞན་སྡུག་བསྔལ།
།འབྱུང་ན་གང་གིས་དེ་བྱས་ནས།
།གཞན་ལ་སྟེར་བའི་གང་ཟག་གཞན།
།སྡུག་བསྔལ་མ་གཏོགས་གང་ཞིག་ཡིན།
6. gal te gang zag gzhan sdug bsngal/
'byung na gang gis de byas nas/
gzhan la ster ba'i gang zag gzhan/
sdug bsngal ma gtogs gang zhig yin//
6. If anguish arose [from] another person, who would that other person be who, having made it, gives it to someone else, but is not included in the anguish?
[Ts. 246 points out that this verse is not found in Buddhapalita or Sherab Dronme, but is found in Chandrakirti.]
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།བདག་གིས་བྱས་པར་མ་གྲུབ་པས།
།སྡུག་བསྔལ་གཞན་གྱིས་ག་ལ་བྱས།
།གཞན་གྱིས་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གང་བྱེད་པ།
།དེ་ནི་དེ་ཡི་བདག་བྱས་འགྱུར།།
7. bdag gis byas par ma grub pas/
sdug bsngal gzhan gyis ga la byas/
gzhan gyis sdug bsngal gang byed pa/
de ni de yi bdag byas 'gyur//
7. Since it is not established as made by self, how can anguish have been made by other? [For] whatever anguish is made by other, that has been made by his self.
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།རེ་ཞིག་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བདག་བྱས་མིན།
།དེ་ཉིད་ཀྱིས་ནི་དེ་མ་བྱས།
།གལ་ཏེ་གཞན་བདག་མ་བྱས་ན།
།སྡུག་བསྔལ་གཞན་བྱས་ག་ལ་འགྱུར།།
8. re zhig sdug bsngal bdag byas min/
de nyid kyis ni de ma byas/
gal te gzhan bdag ma byas na/
sdug bsngal gzhan byas ga la 'gyur//
8. Anguish is not made [by] self; that is not made by that itself. If it is not made by an other self, how can anguish be made by other?
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།གལ་ཏེ་རེ་རེས་བྱས་གྱུར་ན།
།སྡུག་བསྔལ་གཉིས་ཀས་བྱས་པར་འགྱུར།
།བདག་གིས་མ་བྱས་གཞན་མ་བྱས།
།སྡུག་བསྔལ་རྒྱུ་མེད་ག་ལ་འགྱུར།།
9. gal te re res byas gyur na/
sdug bsngal gnyis kas byas par 'gyur/
bdag gis ma byas gzhan ma byas*/
sdug bsngal rgyu med ga la 'gyur//
[Lha. gzhan gyis ma byas bdag ma byas*]
9. If it is made by each, anguish would be made by both. Not made by self, not made by other, how can anguish have no cause?
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།སྡུག་བསྔལ་འབའ་ཞིག་རྣམ་པ་བཞི།
།ཡོད་མ་ཡིན་པར་མ་ཟད་ཀྱི།
།ཕྱི་རོལ་དངོས་པོ་དག་ལ་ཡང།
།རྣམ་པ་བཞི་པོ་ཡོད་མ་ཡིན།།
10. sdug bsngal 'ba' zhig rnam pa bzhi/
yod ma yin par ma zad kyi/
phyi rol dngos po dag la yang/
rnam pa bzhi po yod ma yin//
10. Not only does anguish alone not have the four aspects, external things too do not have the four aspects.
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།བདག་གིས་བྱས་པ་དང་གཞན་གྱིས་བྱས་པ་བརྟག་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་སྟེ་རབ་ཏུ་བྱེད་པ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པའོ།།
bdag gis byas pa dang gzhan gyis byas pa brtag pa zhes bya ba ste rab tu byed pa bcu gnyis pa'o//