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Chronology of Buddhism by Matthieu Ricard

Chronology of Buddhism

India and others:

Lord Buddha: 961-881 BC According to Butön]] (bu ston)
624-544 According to Theravadin tradition
403-483 Calculation based on the "dotted record" of
Vinaya texts.
569-489 Assuming that King Ashoka reigned 100 years
after the Buddha's Parinirvana
463-383 Japanese scholars' calculations based on
Sanskrit, Tibetan and Chinese texts
451-371 Assuming that King Ashoka reigned 218 years
after the Buddha's parinirvana
Confucius: 551-479 BC
Rajagriha Council: 483 BC
Socrates: 399 BC
Chuang Tzu: 300 BC
Mauryan Empire: 320-187 BC, Buddhism flourishes throughout India, and up to Afghanistan.
Reign of King Ashoka: 268-232 or 272-236 BC
Second Council at Vaisali: 100 years after L. Buddha's parinirvana
Nagasena: 200 ?
King Pusyamitra, of the Sunga dynasty, persecutes Buddhists: 187-? BC
Reign of Greek Buddhist King Menander (Milinda): 163-115 BC
King Kanishka's Council of the Sarvastivadins: 147 or 78 BC
Pali Tripitaka first written down: 80 BC
Buddhism enters China: 100s AD
Nagarjuna: some sources say he was born in 482 B.C, other in 212 B.C. According to mahayana scriptures he was born 1200 years after the Buddha's parinirvana.
Travels of Fa-Hsien: 399-414
King Nyatri Tsenpo ascends the throne as first King of Tibet: 374
Lhathori Nyentsen: 374-494 /KS . In 433, brings the first Buddhist scriptures to Tibet
Buddhism enters Japan: 550
Bodhidharma: 526
Bhavavika (legs ldan 'byed): 400s
Asanga (thogs med), Buddhapalita, Vasubandhu (dbyig gnyen) /300s?, Dignaga (phyogs glang), Aryadeva /300s GS ('phag pa lha): 500s.
Silabhadra: 6th/700s
Dharmakirti: ca.600-ca.660
Chandrakirti, Vasumitra, Haribhadra, Chandragomin, Dandin: 700s ?
Thomi Sambhota goes to India: 632
Hsuang-tsang's pilgrimage to India: 629-645
I-Tsing's pilgrimage to India: 671-695
Shantideva (shi ba lha): 685-763
Garab Dorje: 55 ?
Songtsen Gampo (srong btsan sgam po): 609/613-650]] (Richardson and Gendun Chöphel, see White Annals p.13, /Vitali, GS 617-649 /Tarthang 569-650.
Songtsen founds the Rasa Trulnang Tsuklhagkhang: 641
Queen Kongjo leaves for Tibet, in 641 and meets the King in 647.
Ramoche founded: 641
Gar ('gar), Songtsen's minister: ?-667 /Tarthang
Dusong Manpo ('dus srong mang po rje): reigns 676-704
Purnavardhana (gang ba spel ba): 700s
Yasomitra (rgyal po'i sras grags pa shes gnyen): 700s?
King Me Agtsom (mes 'ag tshoms): reigns 704-755
Shantarakshita: 705-762 /GS
Kamalashila: fl. 713-763
Haribhadra: 900s

*[[Ngagyur Nyingma:

Trisong Detsen (khri srong lde btsan): 742-797? /718]] (Butön) or 730]] (in Bee kar) rules from 755]] (Ehrhard) 730]] (NH)
[[Beginning of construction of Samye: 762
Se (sad) mi, mi bdun ordained: 767/ or 827]] (NS)
[[According to Khetsun Sangpo's history:
[[Khenpo Shantarakshita consecrates the ground: 797
[[Khenpo lays the foundations: 798
[[Guru Rinpoche leaves India: 802
[[Guru Rinpoche reaches Samye: 809
[[Guru Rinpoche reconsecrates the ground at Samye: 810
[[Guru Rinpoche lays again the foundation stone: 811
[[Completion of Samye: 814
[[NS V.1, p.950
[[The seven "trial monks ordained as novices: 827
Guru Padmasambhava depart to Ngayap Ling (Chamara): 864]] (NS) or 876]] (Patrul, Mipham).

[[According to NS, Vol.2 p.95:
[[King Trisong: 730-
[[Samye founded: 750
[[Guru Padmasambhava leaves Tibet: 804
King Tri Ralpachen (ral pa can): 806-836, or 866-901]] (reign) /or 815-838 /Tucci /814-836 Tarthang assassinated in 896? /BA or 901 /RA
Persecution by Langdarma (glang dar ma): 841-846
Assassination of Langdarma (glang dar ma): 846 or 906 /KG
Namde Ösung (gnam lde 'od srungs), son of Langdarma: 907-945 or 967 according to Butön
Pal Kortan (dpal 'khor btsan), son of Namde Ösung: 925- reign from 945]] (967 according to Butön), assissinated in 955 /KG ro 985 /BU

Yuthok Yonten Gonpo (g.yu thog yon tan mgon po): 729/768/785- /KS 888-1012
[[Samye debate: 792
Mune Tsenpo (mu ne btsan po): reigns 797-800 /Tarthang
Lopon Nyima Senge (slob dpon nyi ma seng ge): 800s /Tarthang
Senalek (sad na legs): reigns 804-814 /Tarthang
[[Jinamitra: 800s
Guru Rinpoche comes to Tibet and begins the construction of Samye: 810 (NS)
Ba Ratna (sba ratna), disciple of Shantarakshita: 900s
Nyang Ben Tingdzin Zangpo (nyang ban ting 'dzin bzang po): 900s
Nubchen Sangye Yeshe (gnubs chen sangs rgyas ye shes) : 841-? /Patrul /or: 767-915 or 880 /KS 832-962
Langdarma (glang dar ma): 838-842?]] (reign) /Tucci /836-841 Tarthang
Lachen Gongpa Rabsel (bla chen dgongs pa rab gsal) : 892-975 /KS and Dudj or 832-915? /952-1035]] (Tendzin Pelbar)
[[King Tride Tsenpo: 847-877
[[The kingdom of Tibet desintegrates owing to internal rebellions: 929
[[King Gesar: 993-1080, /Tashi Tsering 1038-1124 ? /NS
Changchup Drekol (byang chub 'bre bkol): 968-1076 /KS
Panchen Smriti Shri Jnana, the last translator of the Early Translation Tradition (snga 'gyur rnying ma) :late 900s-early 1000s

[[Building of Jowo Lhakhang: 641
[[Tibetan army defeat the Chinese Emperor, and invades China up to Thranhen: 763
[[Chögyal Phagpa Lodrö Gyaltsen is given by the Mongols the rule over 13 provinces of Tibet : 1260?
[[The Sakyas destroy Drigung: 1290
The Phamo Drupa (Chanchup Gyaltsen) everthrow the Sakya rule: 1352
Rinpungpa (rin spungs pa) allied with the Karmapas challenge the Phamodrupas' power: 1447
Donyö Dorje overthrow the Phagmo Drupa rule, the Rinpungpa rule begins (for 130 years)
[[Conflict between the Ringpung and the Tsangpas against the Phagdru: 1475
[[Tseten Dorje overthrows the Rinpungpa, begins the 76 years rule of the Tsangpas: 1565-1641
[[Karma Tenkyong: 1599-1641
[[Phamo Drupa lose all power. The gstang and the Karmapa increase their power. Gushri Khan and the Qosot Mongols come to help the Dalai Lama: 1617
[[Gushri Khan defeats the Bönpo King of Beri in Kham: 1641
[[Gushri Khan defeats the King of Tsang and give his territories to the Dalai Lama
[[The civilian and military power is given to the regent sde srid, nominated by the Dalai Lama. Many Nyingma monasteries are converted to Geluk: 1642-1659
[[The great 5th visits China: 1651-1653
[[The great 5th nominates Sangye Gyatso as regent.
Lhajang Khan (Qosot) invades Tibet, takes Lhasa. Sangye Gyatso is murdered: 1705
[[Lhajang Khan dethrones the 6th Dalai Lama and imposes a pseudo successor: 1706
The Djungars take and ransack Lhasa. The seventh Dalai Lama is recognized. The temporal power is controled by a council headed by Khangchen Neh (khang chen nas) who is killed in 1727 : 1717-1727
Miwang Pholaneh Sonam Topgyal (mi dbang pho lha nas bsod nams stobs rgyal, 1689-1747) puts an ends to internal feuds and becomes the actual chief of Tibet. Given the title of Wang in 1740.
Pholaneh's son, Gyurme Namgyal ('gyur med rnam rgyal) is killed by the Chinese Amban, while he was ploting with the Djungars against the Chinese: 1750
Emperor Chienlung acknowledges the Dalai Lama as the sovereign of Tibet. Creation of the high council of ministers, the Kashag (bka' shag). Presence of two representatives of the Chinese emperor, the ambans: 1771
[[Demo Gelek Gyatso restore Samye: 1770
[[Gorkha armies invade Tibet, reach Shigatse: 1791
[[Gorkha armies send back, British expedition:1816
Nyake Pulong (lcags mdud nyag sked mgon po rnam rgyal): 1799-1865
[[Samye caught fire: 1816
[[The British enter Tibet: 1888
[[First King of Bhutan, Urgyen Wangchuk: 1862-1926
[[Conflict between Britain and Tibet : 1904
[[Second King of Bhutan, Jigme Wangchuk: 1905-1952

Sino-Tibetan relationships:

1260-1360: Yuang Emperor, Kublai Khan (Mongolian)
1360-1644: Ming (chinese)
1644-1911: Manchu (Ching)
[[1644-1661: Shun-chih
[[1662-1722: K'ang-hsi
[[1723-1735: Yung-cheng
[[1736-1795: Ch'ien-lung
[[1796-1820: Chia-ch'ing
[[upto 1728: Amban has no power
[[1792-1895: Amban has some power
[[1811-1814: Amban Ahu Thuli
[[1814-1817: Amban Shiming
[[1817-1820: No 85 Amban Yuling
[[1819-1821: No 86 Amban Linghai
[[1820-1907: Kuang-hsu
1820-1823: No 87 Weng'gan (Wenming)
[[1821: No 88 Nadanzhu
[[1821-1825: No: 90 Amban Baochang
[[1823-1827: No 91 Amban Songting
[[1895: 13th Dalai Lama, Amban becomes less powerful and in
[[1908-1911: Hsuan-t'ung
[[1912: The last Amban is expelled from Lhasa.
[[1913-1914 Conference of Simla. The Chinese refuse to sign the final agreement.

Unknown:

Sources

Tenzin Palbar (bstan 'dzin dpal 'bar): nga'i pha yul gyi ya nga ba'i lo rgyus]] (The Tragedy of My Homeland). Dharamsala. Narthang Publications, 1994.

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