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The Rangjung Yeshe Gilded Palace of Dharmic Activity (Front Cover)

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e and vam; as synonym for sugata essence [LW1] [RY]

Earlier Tantras. The earlier Tantras are those introduced primarily in the eighth century at the time of Padmakara's visit to Tibet. The later Tantras are said to date from the translations of Rinchen Zangpo in the mid tenth century. [Peter Roberts]

Early and Later Translation of the Great Perfection (rdzogs pa chen po snga 'gyur phyi 'gyur). This phrase refers to the Eighteen Major Scriptures of the Mind Section, a set of Dzogchen tantras taught by Shri Singha to Vairochana and Lekdrub of Tsang, as listed in chapter Fourteen of The Lotus-Born (Shambhala Pub.), or, what's more commonly known as Sanglingma. Five of them were translated by Vairochana before his exile to Tsawarong while the remaining thirteen were later translated by Vimalamitra and Yudra Nyingpo, hence the name. [ZL] [RY]

Early Translation school (snga 'gyur rnying ma), often simply called Nyingma, is the earliest tradition of Tibetan Buddhism, (see Appendix 1). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Early Translation School (snga 'gyur). See Nyingma School [LW1] [RY]

Early Translation School; six superior qualities of [LWx] [RY]

Early Translations (snga 'gyur). A synonym for the Old School, the Nyingma tradition. The teachings translated before the great translator Rinchen Sangpo, during the reigns of the Tibetan kings Trisong Deutsen and Ralpachen.[AL] [RY]

Earth Terma (sa gter). A revelation based on physical substance, often in the form of dakini script, a vajra, a statue, etc. Compare with 'mind terma.'[AL] [RY]

Earth Treasure (sa gter) among the seven transmissions [LW1] [RY]

Earth-owning spirits (sa bdag). [RY]

Easy Path to Omniscience (byang chub lam gi rim pa'i khrid yig thams cad mkhyen par bgrod pa'i bde lam) is one of the so-called eight great scriptures on the graded path (lam rim). This commentary was written by Lobzang Chökyi Gyaltsen (blo bzang chos kyi rgyal mtshan, 1570-1662). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eating a white lion's flesh. Eating a white lion's flesh is a symbolic term as often found in the Tantric vows such as in the twenty-three vows of Anu yoga Tantric conduct. Though this apparently relates to abuse of the guru, the actual set of commitments have not been definitely identified. [Peter Roberts]

Effort, Energy (virya, brtson 'grus). n. of fourth Perfection, joy in the practice of virtue. [RY]

Ego-clinging (bdag 'dzin). The habitual clinging to the mistaken idea that the 'I' is an independent, singular and permanent entity. Ego-clinging is the source of disturbing emotions and the basis for all negative karmic actions leading to endless samsaric existence. [RY] Egolessness (bdag med). The absence or lack of a self-entity in both the individual person as well as matter and mind. [RY]

Egolessness (bdag med). The absence or lack of a self-entity in both the individual person as well as matter and mind. Egolessness is not an acheivement but the natural state of things. Practitioners of the lower vehicles, the shravakas and pratyekabuddhas, attain a partial realization of egolessness, but it is the bodhisattva who through practicing the six paramitas dicovers reality as it is. [RY]

eight and sixteen fears. The very Indian principal eight fears are: lions, elephants, snakes, great rivers, chains (i.e. imprisonment), robbers and demons. The sixteen fears are: enemies, lions, elephants, fire, snakes, robbers, prison, ocean waves, demons, leprosy, the emissaries of Indra (Indra being the ruler of the paradise upon Mount Meru, his emissaries are powerful supernatural beings, called gandharvas, or "smell-eaters"), poverty, separation from one's loved ones, a king's punishment, and failure. [Peter Roberts]

eight aspects of the main stage of the dhyanas [LW1] [RY]

eight aspects of the preparatory stage [LW1] [RY]

eight aspirations of a Bodhisattva (byang chub sems dpa'i rtog pa brgyad). 1) To become able to dispel all the sufferings of beings, 2) to establish in wealth all those stricken by poverty, 3) to become able to give one's flesh and blood for the welfare of beings, 4) to remain in the hell realm and bring some good there, 5) to fulfill the hopes of beings with the bounty of samsara and nirvana, 6) to attain enlightenment, and remove forever the suffering of beings, 7) never to enjoy harming others rather than benefiting them, and 8) to want all beings to become happy through the exchange of one's happiness for their suffering. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eight bodhisattvas (byang chub sems dpa' brgyad). Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Maitreya, Samantabhadra, Vajrapani, Ksitigarbha, Akashagarbha, Nirvaranaviskambin. [RY]

Eight bodhisattvas (byang chub sems dpa' brgyad). See Eight main bodhisattvas. [RY]

Eight branches (yan lag brgyad). The seven branches in addition to arousing bodhicitta. [RY] Eight Chariots of the Practice Lineage (sgrub brgyud shing rta brgyad), listing of [LW1] [RY]

eight chariots of the practice lineages (sgrub brgyud shing rta brgyad). Nyingma (rnying ma), Kadam (bka' gdams), Sakya (sa skya), Kagyu (bka' brgyud), Shangpa Kagyu (zhangs pa bka' brgyud), Shiche and Chöd (zhi byed and gcod), Kalachakra or Jordrug (dus 'khor or sbyor drug), and Orgyen Nyengyu (o rgyan bsnyen brgyud). For a collection of instructions and empowerments related to these eight chariots, see DZ. [MR-ShabkarNotes] Eight Chariots of Transmission: (sgrub brgyud shin rta chen po rgyad) : (1) Nyingma (rnying ma), Kadam (bka' gdams), Sakya (sa skya), Kagyu (bka' brgyud), Shangpa Kagyu (zhangs pa bka' brgyud), Shiche and Chöd (zhi byed and gcod), Kalachakra or Jordrug (dus 'khor or sbyor drug), and Orgyen Nyengyu (o rgyan bsnyen brgyud). [MR]

Eight charnel grounds (dur khrod brgyad): 1) Cool Grove, Sitavana (bsil ba tshal), in the east. 2) Perfected in Body (sku la rdzogs) to the south. 3) Lotus Mound (pad ma brtsegs) to the west. 4) Lanka Mound (lan ka brtsegs) to the north. 5) Spontaneously Accomplished Mound (lhun grub brtsegs) to the south-east. 6) Display of Great Secret (gsang chen rol pa) to the south-west. 7) Pervasive Great Joy (he chen brdal ba) to the north-west. 8) World Mound ('jig rten brtsegs) to the north-east. There are also numerous other lists of charnel grounds. [RY]

Eight classes (sde brgyad). The same as the Eight Classes of Gods and Spirits (lha srin sde brgyad). [RY] eight classes of gods and demons (lha srin sde brgyad) listing of [LW1] [RY] Eight classes of gods and demons (lha srin sde brgyad). [RY] Eight classes of gods and Spirits (lha srin sde brgyad). There are various descriptions but in the sutras the most general is: devas, nagas, yakshas, gandharvas, asuras, garudas, kinnaras, and mahoragas. All of them were able to receive and practice the teachings of the Buddha. These eight classes can also refer to various types of mundane spirits who can cause either help or harm, but remain invisible to normal human beings: ging, mara, tsen, yaksha, raksha, mamo, rahula, and naga. On a subtle level, they are regarded as the impure manifestation of the eight types of consciousness. [ZL] [RY]

eight classes of gods and raksas (lha srin sde brgyad). According to the Yamantaka Tantra (gshin rje gshed kyi rgyud, see TC, p. 3090) these are gshin rje, ma mo, srin po, mi'am ci, sa bdag btsan, and bdud. In his sde brgyad gser skhyems, Nub Sangye Yeshe enumerates six different series of these eight classes. See NS, vol.2, pp. 158-59. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight classes of herukas or means for attainment (sgrub pa bka' brgyad). 1) Yamantaka, the wrathful Manjusri, the deity of body ('jam dpal sku); 2) Hayagriva, the deity of speech (padma gsung); 3) Vishuddha, the deity of mind (yang dag thugs); 4) Vajramrita, the deity of enlightened qualities (bdud rtsi yon tan); 5) Vajra Kila, the deity of action (phur ba 'phrin las); 6) Matarah, the deity of calling and dispatching (ma mo rbod gtong); 7) the worldly deities of offering and praise ('jig rten mchod bstod); and 8) the worldly deities of wrathful mantras (mod pa drag sngags). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight classes of Mahadevas (lha chen brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

Eight Close Sons (nye ba'i sras brgyad), main bodhisattvas [LW1] [RY]

Eight Close Sons (nye ba'i sras brgyad). The same as the 'eight bodhisattvas.' [RY]

eight collections (tshogs brgyad), of consciousnesses [LW1] [RY]

Eight collections (tshogs brgyad). the eight groups of the cognitions of the eight consciousnesses; of the five sense consciousnesses, of mind consciousness, ego consciousness and all-ground consciousness. [RY]

Eight collections of consciousness (rnam shes tshogs brgyad). The all-ground consciousness, mind-consciousness, defiled mind-consciousness, and the five sense-consciousnesses. [RY]

Eight collections of consciousness (rnam shes tshogs brgyad). The eight groups of the cognitions of the eight consciousnesses: the five sense consciousnesses, mind consciousness, ego consciousness and all-ground consciousness. [RY]

Eight Collections of Consciousness (rnam shes tshogs brgyad): the all-ground consciousness, the defiled mental consciousness, the mental cognition, and the cognitions of eye, ear, nose, tongue, and body. [AL] [RY] Eight common siddhis (thun mong gi dngos grub brgyad). Eight types of mundane miraculous powers. [RY] Eight conditions which limit one's natural potential to attain freedom; (ris chad blo yi mi khom rnam pa brgyad): (1) To be fettered by one's family, wealth and occupations so that one does not have the leisure to practice the dharma. (2) To have a wicked nature that leads to extremely bad conduct, so that even when one meets a spiritual teacher it is very hard for one to turn one's mind to the dharma (3) To have no fear of the suffering of samsara and therefore no feeling of renunciation or no weariness at all of samsara. (4) To lack the jewel of faith and therefore have no inclination whatsoever to meet a spiritual teacher and enter the threshold of the teachings (5) To delight in negative actions and have no compunction about them, thus turning one's back to the dharma (6) To have no more interest in the dharma than a dog for grass and therefore to be unable to develop any positive quality. (7) To have spoiled one's vows and Mahayana precepts, and therefore to be doomed to the lower realms of existence where there is no leisure to practice the dharma (8) Having entered the extraordinary path of the Vajrayana, to have broken one's samaya with one's teacher and vajra brothers and sisters, and thus have no chance of achieving any realization. [MR]

Eight conditions which cause one to drift away from the dharma; ('phral byung rkyen gyi mi khom rnam pa brgyad): Gyalwa Longchenpa, Longchen Rabjam; explains: (1) To be greatly disturbed by the five poisonous emotions (2) To be extremely stupid (3) To fall prey to evil influences (4) To be distracted by laziness (5) To lead a wrong way of life (6) To be enslaved or controlled by others (7) To practice only for the sake of protection from dangers (8) To practice a mere semblance of the dharma for the sake of gain and fame. [MR]

Eight consciousnesses (rnam shes tshogs brgyad). The all-ground consciousness, mind-consciousness, afflicted mind-consciousness, and the five sense-consciousnesses. [RY]

Eight consciousnesses; (rnam shes tshogs brgyad): 1) The undetermined and amorphous ground consciousness, already obscured by ignorance but undetermined with respect to virtue and non-virtue. 2 to 6) The consciousnesses associated with each of the five sense organs. 7) Mind consciousness, or intellectual cognition of the senses. 8) Intellection which is predominantly tainted by the negative emotions (klesas). The first six do not accumulate karma, while the last two do. [MR]

Eight constructs (spros pa brgyad). The mental formulations of mind or phenomena having such attributes as arising and ceasing, being singular or plural, coming and going, and being the same or being different. [RY]

Eight deviations (shor sa brgyad). The four basic and the four temporary strayings. [RY]

Eight disciples (rje 'bangs brgyad). The eight chief recipients in Tibet of the Eight Sadhana Teachings transmitted by Guru Rinpoche: King Trisong Deutsen, Namkhai Nyingpo, Sangye Yeshe, Gyalwa Cho-yang, Yeshe Tsogyal, Palgyi Yeshe, Palgyi Senge, and Vairochana. [ZL] [RY]

Eight doors to samsara ('khor ba'i sgo brgyad). The eight openings of one's body not counting the aperture at the top of one's head. [RY]

eight emancipations (rnam thar brgyad); expl. [LWx] [RY] eight emancipations. See emancipations [LW1] [RY]

Eight extremes {spros mtha' brgyad}. Creation, cessation, nihilism, eternalism, coming, going, diversity and identity. [RY]

Eight female bodhisattvas (byang chub sems ma brgyad). Lasya, Mala, Gita, Nirti, Pushpa, Dhupa, Aloka and Gandha. [RY]

eight freedoms (dal ba brgyad) and ten favorable conditions ('byor ba bcu) conducive to practicing the dharma. First are the freedoms from eight obstacles to practicing the Dharma, which are, 1) to be born in a hell realm, 2) among the pretas, or tormented spirits, 3) as an animal, 4) among savages, 5) as a long-living god, 6) holding totally erroneous views, 7) in a dark kalpa, during which no Buddha has appeared in the world, 8) with impaired sense faculties. Second, among the ten favorable conditions, there are five conditions that depend on ourselves (rang 'byor lnga): 1) to be born as a human being, 2) in a place where the Dharma flourishes, 3) with complete sense faculties, 4) without the karma of living in a way totally opposite to the Dharma, 5) and having faith in what deserves it. There are five conditions that depend upon others (gzhan 'byor lnga): 1) a Buddha should have appeared in the world, 2) and have taught the Dharma, 3) the Dharma should have remained until our days, 4) we should have entered the Dharma, 5) and have been accepted by a spiritual teacher. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eight freedoms (dal ba brgyad). Not being in the three lower realms, not a long-living god, not having wrong views, not a savage, a mute, or born in an age without buddhas. [RY]

eight gates (sgo brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

eight gates manifesting as outward luminosity (phyi gsal snang ba'i sgo brgyad); expl. [LWx] [RY]

eight gates of spontaneous presence [LWx] [RY]

eight gates of the manifestation modes; expl. [LWx] [RY]

Eight Gling pa - Lineage of gter ston active in the fifteenth through seventeenth centuries [RY]

Eight goddesses (lha mo brgyad). Lasya, Mala, Gita, Nirti, Pushpa, Dhupa, Aloka and Gandha. [RY]

eight great caves (brag phug chen po brgyad), listing of [LW1] [RY]

Eight Great Chariots of the Practice Lineage (sgrub brgyud shing rta brgyad). The eight independent schools of Buddhism that flourished in Tibet: Nyingma, Kadam, Marpa Kagyü, Shangpa Kagyü, Sakya, Jordruk, Nyendrub, Shije and Chö. Today only the first five survive as independent lineages. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Eight Great Disciplines - ascetic practices concerned with food, dress, speech, body, mind, teaching, benefiting others, and compassion. [RY]

Eight great gter stons are Ratna gling pa, Padma gling pa, Orgyen gling pa, Sangs rgyas gling pa, rDo rje gling pa, Karma gling pa, Orgyen rDo rje gling pa, and Orgyen Padma gling pa. There gter stons are lived during the 14th and 15th centuries. [RY]

eight great treasure mines of courageous eloquence (spobs pa'i gter chen brgyad); listing of [LW1] [RY]

eight great vidyadhara receivers of the transmissions (bka' babs rig 'dzin chen po brgyad), listing of [LW1] [RY]

Eight great vidyadharas, receivers of the transmissions (bka' babs rig 'dzin chen po brgyad. 1) The receiver of the transmission of Manjushri was Manjushrimitra ('jam dpal bshes gnyen), the vidyadhara of Body. 2) The receiver of the transmission of Mighty Padma (pad ma dbang) [Hayagriva] was Nagarjuna (klu sgrub snying po), the vidyadhara of Speech. 3) The receiver of the transmission of Vishuddha (yang dag) was Hungchenkara (hung mdzad), the vidyadhara of Mind. 4) The receiver of the transmission of Amrita Medicine (bdud rtsi sman) was Vimalamitra (dri med bshes gnyen), the vidyadhara of Qualities. 5) The receiver of the transmission of Kilaya (phur pa) was Prabhahasti ('od kyi glang po), the vidyadhara of Activity. 6) The receiver of the transmission of Botong (rbod gtong) was Danasanskrit (nor gyi legs sbyar), the vidyadhara of Mamo. 7) The receiver of the transmission of Mopa (dmod pa) was Shintamgarbha (zhi ba'i snying po), the vidyadhara of Fierce Mantra (drag sngags). 8) The receiver of the transmission of Loka ('jig rten) was Guhyachandra (gsang ba'i zla ba), the vidyadhara of Worship (mchod bstod). [RY]

Eight Heruka Sadhanas - the eight Heruka Sadhanas are part of the meditative realization transmission which preserves essential instructions for practice. Each of these sadhanas is connected with a particular root text and with various specific practices containing everything necessary for enlightenment. the were transmitted from Padmasambhava to eight of his disciples who were known as the Eight Great Acharyas. The Eight Heruka Sadhanas are: 'jam dpal sku (gshin rje); Padma gsung; Yang dag thugs; rdo rje phur ba 'phrin las; bdud rtsi yon tan; ma mo rbod stong; 'jig rten mchod bstod; and dmod pa drag sngags. [RY]

Eight heruka sadhanas (sgrub pa bka' brgyad). Eight yidams and their corresponding sadhanas received by Padmakara from the Eight Vidyadharas. [RY]

Eight Indian Vidyadharas (rgya gar gyi rig 'dzin brgyad). Manjushrimitra, Nagarjuna, Hungchenkara, Vimalamitra, Prabhahasti, Danasanskrit, Shintamgarbha and Guhyachandra. [RY]

Eight jewel ornaments (rin po che'i rgyan brgyad). The crown, earrings, choker, short necklace, long necklace, arm rings, bracelets and anklets, belt. [RY]

eight kinds of death ('chi ba rnam pa brgyad) [Peter Roberts]

eight knowledge-holders; alias eight great vidyadharas; [LWx] [RY]

eight lay precepts (bsnyen gnas kyi sdom pa). A lay ordination of precepts taken for twenty-four hours, from dawn to dawn. These include avoiding 1) taking life, 2) taking what is not given, 3) sexual intercourse, 4) telling lies, 5) drinking liquor, 6) dancing, wearing garlands, using perfumes, playing worldly music, 7) sleeping on a high and ornamented bed, and 8) eating after noon. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight limiting, or conditioning concepts (spros pa'i mtha' brgyad): conceiving of reality in terms of existence and non-existence, eternity and nothingness, going and coming, sameness and difference. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight limiting, or conditioning, concepts (spros pa'i mtha' brgyad). Conceiving of reality in terms of existence and nonexistence, eternity and nothingness, going and coming, sameness and difference. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight limits of constructs (spros pa'i mtha' brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

Eight Lingpas (gling pa brgyad). Sangye, Dorje, Rinchen, Padma, Ratna, Kunkyong, Do-ngag and Tennyi Lingpa.[AL] [RY]

Eight Lokla Dey (logs la sde brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

Eight main bodhisattvas (nye ba'i sras brgyad). Kshitigarbha, Akashagarbha, Avalokiteshvara, Vajrapani, Maitreya, Sarvanirvarana vishkambin, Samantabhadra and Manjushri. [RY] eight major and minor classes of haughty spirits [LW1] [RY]

Eight male and female bodhisattvas. [Daki] [RY]

Eight mamo goddesses and eight yoginis. [Daki] [RY]

eight manifestations (gu ru mtshan brgyad), listing [LW1] [RY]

Eight manifestations (gu ru mtshan brgyad). Eight forms of Guru Rinpoche: Shakya Senge, Padmasambhava, Nyima Özer, Senge Dradrok, Dorje Drollo, Tsokye Dorje, Padma Gyalpo and Loden Choksey. [RY]

eight masteries (zil gnon brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

Eight Maya Sections (sgyu 'phrul sde brgyad). Basic Mahayoga scriptures. Listed in Chapter 12. [ZL] [RY]

Eight Maya Sections (sgyu 'phrul sde brgyad). See Eight Sections of Magical Net, Magical Net [LW1] [RY]

Eight objects (yul brgyad). The objects of the eight consciousnesses: sight, sound, smell, taste, texture, mental objects, the all-ground, and appearance. [RY]

Eight personal treasures of the king. [Daki] [RY]

Eight Places of the Accomplished Ones (grub thob gnas brgyad), in the Golden Valley of Rekong, are eight places prophesied by Guru Padmasambhava, where eight great yogins of his lineage practiced, attained realization and performed many miracles. In AC, vol.2, pp. 304-12, the eight (or nine) places are identified as follows: In the center is Balgi Khargong Lakha ('bal gyi mkhar gong la kha) the meditation place of the Bodhisattva of Bol ('bol gyi byang chub sems dpa'). In the east is Taklung Shelgi Riwo (stag lung shel gyi ri bo), the meditation place of Shelgi Odeh Gung Gyal (shel gyi 'o de gung rgyal). In the southeast is Lhadrak Karpo, in the Upper part of Chang, (spyang phu'i lha brag dkar po), where Kalden Gyatso had a vision of Kasarpani and one of the Sixteen Arhats. In the vicinity is Ratse Phug (rwa rtse phug), the meditation place of Masö Shili Urwa (ma gsod zhi li 'ur ba). In the south, in Dambu, is Drakar Serkhang ('dam bu'i brag dkar gser khang), the meditation place of the great Brahmin Litrö (bram ze chen po li khrod). In the southwest is Thamug Dzongmar Gonpa (mtha' smug rdzong dmar dgon pa), the meditation place of Athu Ngakpa Yu Ngok (a mthu'i sngags pa g.yu rngogs). In the west is Sheldel Chökyi Potrang (shel del chos kyi pho brang), the meditation place of Tönpa Odeh Shampo (ston pa 'o de sham po). AC mentions that this is actually an extra, or ninth place. In the northwest is Kyagang Nemö Bangwa or Dori Palkyi Ritse (skya sgang gnas mo'i bang ba, or do ri dpal gyi ri rtse), the meditation place of Seyi Gyalwa Changchup (bse yi rgyal ba byang chub), where there are many images that have appeared naturally on the rocks. In the north is Gongmo Gurkhang Draktsa (gong mo'i gur khang brag rtsa), the meditation place of the Bönpo master Drenpa Namkha (dran pa nam mkha'). In the north-east, Chuchik Shel (bcu gcig shel), the meditation place of Kathok Dorje Wangpo (ka thog rdo rje dbang po, see note 6), Chöpa Rinpoche and Jetsun Kalden Gyatso (see note 2). In RO, pp.46-58, nine places where eight siddhas meditated are identified in a slightly different way. The spelling of the names of the places and of the siddhas also vary. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight places of the accomplished ones (grub thob gnas brgyad). The Eight Sacred Sites of the Accomplished Ones, located in the Golden Valley of Rekong, are eight places prophesied by Guru Padmasambhava, where eight great yogins of his lineage practiced, attained realization, and performed many miracles. In AC, vol.2, pp. 304-12, the eight (or nine) places are identified as follows:In the center is Balgi Khargong Lakha ('bal gyi mkhar gong la kha) the meditation place of the Bodhisattva of Bol ('bol gyi byang chub sems dpa'). In the east is Taklung Shelgi Riwo (stag lung shel gyi ri bo), the meditation place of Shelgi Odeh Gung Gyal (shel gyi 'o de gung rgyal). In the southeast is Lhadrak Karpo, in the Upper part of Chang, (spyang phu'i lha brag dkar po), where Kalden Gyatso had a vision of Kasarpani and of the Sixteen Arhats. In the vicinity is Ratse Phug (rwa rtse phug), the meditation place of Masö Shili Urwa (ma gsod zhi li 'ur ba). In the south, in Dambu, is Drakar Serkhang ('dam bu'i brag dkar gser khang), the meditation place of the great Brahmin Litrö (bram ze chen po li khrod). In the southwest is Thamug Dzongmar Gonpa (mtha' smug rdzong dmar dgon pa), the meditation place of Athu Ngakpa Yu Ngok (a mthu'i sngags pa g.yu rngogs). In the west is Sheldel Chökyi Potrang (shel del chos kyi pho brang), the meditation place of Tönpa Odeh Shampo (ston pa 'o de sham po). AC mentions that this is actually an extra, or ninth place. In the northwest is Kyagang Nemö Bangwa or Dori Palkyi Ritse (skya sgang gnas mo'i bang ba, or do ri dpal gyi ri rtse), the meditation place of Seyi Gyalwa Changchup (bse yi rgyal ba byang chub), where there are many sacred images that have appeared naturally on the rocks. In the north is Gongmo Gurkhang Draktsa (gong mo'i gur khang brag rtsa), the meditation place of the Bönpo master Drenpa Namkha (dran pa nam mkha'). In the northeast, Chuchik Shel (bcu gcig shel), the meditation place of Kathok Dorje Wangpo (ka thog rdo rje dbang po, see notes 5 and 6), Chöpa Rinpoche and Jetsun Kalden Gyatso (see note 2). In RO, p.46-58, nine places where eight siddhas meditated are identified in a slightly different way. The spelling of the names of the places and of the siddhas also vary. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eight Practice Lineages (sgrub brgyud brgyad). See above. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Eight Practice Lineages (sgrub brgyud shing rta brgyad). The eight independent schools of Buddhism that flourished in Tibet: Nyingma, Kadampa, Marpa Kagyu, Shangpa Kagyu, Sakya, Jordruk, Shije, and Cho. [RY]

Eight qualities of loving kindness;, (byams pa'i yon tan brgyad): If one has loving kindness, (1) It will rejoice gods and men (2) they will protect one (3) one will not be harmed by poison and (4) by weapons (5) one will have a happy mind (6) one will experience manifold happiness (7) one will accomplish effortlessly one's aspirations (8) and even if one does not achieve liberation immediately one will be reborn in the highest realm. [MR]

Eight qualities of mastery (dbang phyug brgyad). [RY]

eight qualities of perfect water (chu yan lag brgyad ldan). Water which is cool, sweet, light, soft, clear, pure, and which is neither upsetting to the stomach nor irritating to the throat. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eight sacred places blessed by Guru Padmasambhava for the practice of the Eight Herukas: (1) Drak Yongdzong, sgrags yongs rdzong, the place related to the Heruka of the body family, Jampel Shinje, where Nup Sangye Yeshe achieved realization, (2) Samye Chimphu, bsam yas mchims phu;, the place related to the Heruka of the lotus, speech family, Tamdrin, where Gyalwa Chöyang attained realization, (3) Lhodrak Karchu, lho brag mkhar chu;, the place related to the Heruka of the mind family, Yandag, where Gelong Namkhainyinpo attained realization, (4) Yarlung Sheldrak, yar klung shel brag;, the place related to the Heruka of the quality family, Dutsi Yönten, where Karchen Yeshe Shönnu attained realization, (5) Mönkha Senge Dzong, mon kha ne ring seng ge dzong;, the place related to the Heruka of the activity family, Dorje Phurba, where Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal attained realization, [RY]

Eight sacred places blessed 2. (6) Yart" Shambo Khangra Yart", yar stod sham po gangs rwa;, the place related to the Mamo B"tong, where Dromi Palgi Senge attained realization, (7) Padro Taksang, spa phro stag tshang;, the place related to Jigten Chöto, where Langchen Palseng, attained realization, and (8) Samye Drakmar Yamalung, bsam yas brag dmar g.ya' ma lung;, the place related to the M"pa Tranak, where the Great Translator Vairocana attained realization. [MR]

Eight Sadhana Sections. [Daki] [RY]

Eight Sadhana Teachings (sgrub pa bka' brgyad). Eight chief yidam deities of Mahayoga and their corresponding tantras and sadhanas: Manjushri Body, Lotus Speech, Vishuddha Mind, Nectar Quality, Kilaya Activity, Liberating Sorcery of Mother Deities, Maledictory Fierce Mantra, and Mundane Worship. Often the name refers to a single practice involving complex mandalas with numerous deities. See also under Assemblage of Sugatas and Sadhana Section. [AL] [RY]

Eight Sadhana Teachings of Sugatagarbha (bde gshegs snying po sgrub pa bka' brgyad). [EMP] [RY]

Eight Sections of Magical Net (sgyu 'phrul sde brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

Eight siddhis (dngos grub brgyad). The eight types of mundane or common accomplishments. [RY]

Eight subcontinents (gling phran brgyad). Smaller continents surrounding Mount Sumeru in pairs flanking each of the four continents: Deha and Videha, Chamara and Upachamara, Shatha and Uttara mantrina, Kurava and Kaurava. [RY]

eight sufferings of human beings [LW1] [RY]

Eight temporary unfree conditions. ('phral gyi mi khoms pa brgyad). [RY]

Eight Thousand Verses (brgyad stong pa); quotation from [LWx] [RY]

Eight Thousand Verses. See Sutra of Prajnaparamita in Eight Thousand Verses [LW1] [RY]

Eight Tibetan Vidyadharas (bod kyi rig 'dzin brgyad). Eight accomplished disciples of Guru Rinpoche. [RY]

eight tramen goddesses [LW1] [RY]

eight types of application ('du byed brgyad); listing of; that discard the five shortcomings (nyes pa lnga) [LW1] [RY]

eight types of application ('du byed brgyad); listing of; that discard the five shortcomings (nyes pa lnga), expl. [LWx] [RY]

eight unfree states (mi khoms brgyad); due to an unfortunate frame of mind; due to temporary conditions [LW1] [RY]

eight unfree states (mi khoms brgyad); due to an unfortunate frame of mind, expl.; due to temporary conditions, expl.; listing of [LWx] [RY]

eight vidhyadharas or awareness-holders of india (rgya gar rig 'dzin brgyad). Vimalamitra, Humkara, Manjusrimitra, Nagarjuna, Padmasambhava, Dhanasamskrita, Rambuguhya-Devacandra, and Santigarbha. See NS, vol. 1, pp. 475-83. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eight Vidyadhara Masters (rig 'dzin gyi slob dpon brgyad). Same as the Eight Indian Vidyadharas. [RY]

Eight Vidyadharas (rgya gar gyi rig 'dzin brgyad). Manjushrimitra, Nagarjuna, Hungchenkara, Vimalamitra, Prabhahasti, Danasanskrita, Shintam Garbha and Guhyachandra. [RY]

Eight Vidyadharas (rig 'dzin brgyad). Manjushrimitra, Nagarjuna, Hungkara, Vimalamitra, Prabhahasti, Dhana Sanskrita, Shintam Garbha, and Guhyachandra. [ZL] [RY] eight vidyadharas (rig 'dzin brgyad). See eight great vidyadharas [LW1] [RY]

Eight vidyadharas of India and Tibet. [Daki] [RY]

eight worldly concerns ('jig rten chos brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

Eight worldly concerns ('jig rten chos brgyad). Attachment to gain, pleasure, praise and fame, and aversion to loss, pain, blame and bad reputation. [RY]

Eight worldly concerns ('jig rten chos brgyad). Attachment to gain, pleasure, praise and fame, and aversion to loss, pain, blame and bad reputation. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

EIGHT WORLDLY CONCERNS ('jig rten chos brgyad). Attachment to gain, pleasure, praise and fame, and aversion to loss, pain, blame and bad reputation. [AL] [RY]

eight worldly concerns ('jig rten chos brgyad). Happiness and suffering, gain and loss, praise and criticism, fame and obscurity. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight worldly concerns ('jig rten chos brgyad); listing of [LWx] [RY]

Eight worldly concerns {'jig rten chos brgyad}. Gain and loss; pleasure and pain; praise and blame; fame and defamation. [RY]

eight worldly concerns are happiness and suffering, gain and loss, praise and criticism, fame and obscurity. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight worldly concerns. Attachment to gain, pleasure, praise and fame, and aversion to loss, pain, blame and bad reputation.[Primer] [RY]

eight yoginis [LW1] [RY]

Eighteen constituents (khams bco brgyad). The six collections of consciousness, the six senses and the six sense objects. [RY]

eighteen constituents, or dhatus. The six collections of consciousness, the six senses and the six sense objects.[Primer] [RY]

Eighteen Dzogchen Tantras (rdzogs chen rgyud bco brgyad): Dra Thalgyur Root Tantra, the Tantra of Graceful Auspiciousness, the Tantra of the Heart Mirror of Samantabhadra, the Blazing Lamp Tantra, the Tantra of the Mind Mirror of Vajrasattva, the Tantra of Self-manifest Awareness, the Tantra of Studded Jewels, the Tantra of Pointing-out Instructions, the Tantra of the Six Spheres of Samantabhadra, the Tantra of No Letters, the Tantra of the Perfected Lion, the Pearl Garland Tantra, the Tantra of Self-liberated Awareness, the Tantra of Piled Gems, the Tantra of Shining Relics, the Union of Sun and Moon Tantra, the Tantra of Self-existing Perfection, and the Samantabhadri Tantra of the Sun of the Luminous Expanse. [RY]

Eighteen favorable conditions {dal 'byor bco brgyad}. The eighteen conditions that make it possible to practice the dharma. [RY]

eighteen freedoms and favorable conditions (dal 'byor bco brgyad). These are the Eight Freedoms (dal ba brgyad) and Ten Favorable Conditions ('byor ba bcu) conducive to practicing the Dharma. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eighteen hells (dmyal khams bco brgyad). These include the eight hot hells (tsa dmyal), the eight cold hells (grang dmyal), the ephemeral hells (nyi tshe ba), and the surrounding hells (nye 'khor ba). See Bruyat (1987 p. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eighteen Inner Tantras of Secret Mantra (gsang sngags nang gi rgyud sde bco brgyad). In the context of Chapter 12, the term refers chiefly to the tantras of Mahayoga. They were translated into Tibetan by Padmasambhava and Chokro Lui Gyaltsen. See also Eighteen Mahayoga Tantras. [ZL] [RY]

Eighteen Mahayoga Tantras ([[ma ha yo ga'i rgyud sde bco brgyad]). Listed in Chapter Twelve. An alternative list is given by Shechen Gyaltsab in his historical work entitled The Pond of White Lotus Flowers and in Guru Tashi Tobgyal's Ocean of Wondrous Sayings to Delight the Learned Ones: 1-5) Five Basic Root Tantras of Body, Speech, Mind, Quality and Activity: Sarvabuddha Samayoga, Assemblage of Secrets, Glorious Supreme Primal Tantra, and Activity Garland. 6-10) Five Display Tantras functioning as utilization of sadhana practice: Heruka Display Tantra, Supreme Steed Display Tantra, Compassion Display Tantra, Nectar Display Tantra, and Twelvefold Kilaya Tantra. 11-15) Five Tantras Functioning as Subsidiaries to Conduct: Mountain Pile, Awesome Wisdom Lightning, Arrangement of Samaya, One-pointed Samadhi, and the Rampant Elephant Tantra. 16-17) Two subsequent tantras of amending incompleteness: Magical Net of Vairochana and Skillful Lasso. 18) The one outstanding tantra that epitomizes them all: The Essence of Secrets, the Tantra of the Magical Net of Vajrasattva, also known as Guhyagarbha. [ZL] [RY]

Eighteen Major Scriptures (lung chen po bco brgyad). Eighteen Dzogchen tantras of the Mind Section taught by Shri Singha to Vairochana and Lekdrub. Listed in chapter 14 of ‘’Sanglingpa’’. Found in Vol. KA of the Nyingma Gyübum. [ZL] [RY]

Eighteen Marvels of Mind in Fifty Chapters (sems rmad du byung ba bco brgyad kyi le'u lnga bcu). Several tantras in the first three volumes of the Nyingma Gyübum bear a resembling name although none of them have 50 chapters. A writing mistake seems to have appeared since The Bright Crystal Mirror by Yeshe Tsogyal says instead: "Five first parts of the Eighteen Marvels of Mind" (sems smad bco brgyad kyi stod kyi lnga), referring to the first five tantras translated by Vairochana. [ZL] [RY]

Eighteen Mothers and Children of the Mind Section (sems sde ma bu bco brgyad). [RY]

Eighteen Tantras; of Mahayoga [LWx] [RY]

Eightfold charnel ground attire (dur khrod kyi chas brgyad). Eight ornaments worn by a wrathful buddha. [RY]

Eightfold Magical Net (sgyu 'phrul brgyad pa). A Mahayoga scripture in eight chapters. Vol. PHA of the Nyingma Gyübum. [ZL] [RY]

Eightfold noble path ('phags lam gyi yan lag brgyad). Literally the 'eight aspects of the path of noble beings:' right view, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration. These are perfected on the path of cultivation. [RY]

eightfold path of noble beings ('phags lam yan lag brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

eightfold precepts of lay ordination (bsnyen gnas yan lag brgyad pa) or one-day vows, are taken for twenty-four hours, from dawn to dawn. These include avoiding 1) taking life, 2) taking what is not given, 3) sexual intercourse, 4) telling lies 5) drinking liquor, 6) dancing, wearing garlands, using perfumes, and playing worldly music 7) sleeping on a high and ornamented bed, and 8) eating after midday. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eightfold Volume (bam po brgyad pa). Tantra belonging to the Sadhana Section of Mahayoga; focused on Nectar Quality. Tantra with similar title is found in Vol. LA of the Nyingma Gyübum. Possibly identical with the Scripture in Eight Chapters. [ZL] [RY]

E continued

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The Rangjung Yeshe Gilded Palace of Dharmic Activity (Front Cover)

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