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The Rangjung Yeshe Gilded Palace of Dharmic Activity (Front Cover)

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e and vam; as synonym for sugata essence [LW1] [RY]

Earlier Tantras. The earlier Tantras are those introduced primarily in the eighth century at the time of Padmakara's visit to Tibet. The later Tantras are said to date from the translations of Rinchen Zangpo in the mid tenth century. [Peter Roberts]

Early and Later Translation of the Great Perfection (rdzogs pa chen po snga 'gyur phyi 'gyur). This phrase refers to the Eighteen Major Scriptures of the Mind Section, a set of Dzogchen tantras taught by Shri Singha to Vairochana and Lekdrub of Tsang, as listed in chapter Fourteen of The Lotus-Born (Shambhala Pub.), or, what's more commonly known as Sanglingma. Five of them were translated by Vairochana before his exile to Tsawarong while the remaining thirteen were later translated by Vimalamitra and Yudra Nyingpo, hence the name. [ZL] [RY]

Early Translation school (snga 'gyur rnying ma), often simply called Nyingma, is the earliest tradition of Tibetan Buddhism, (see Appendix 1). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Early Translation School (snga 'gyur). See Nyingma School [LW1] [RY]

Early Translation School; six superior qualities of [LWx] [RY]

Early Translations (snga 'gyur). A synonym for the Old School, the Nyingma tradition. The teachings translated before the great translator Rinchen Sangpo, during the reigns of the Tibetan kings Trisong Deutsen and Ralpachen.[AL] [RY]

Earth Terma (sa gter). A revelation based on physical substance, often in the form of dakini script, a vajra, a statue, etc. Compare with 'mind terma.'[AL] [RY]

Earth Treasure (sa gter) among the seven transmissions [LW1] [RY]

Earth-owning spirits (sa bdag). [RY]

Easy Path to Omniscience (byang chub lam gi rim pa'i khrid yig thams cad mkhyen par bgrod pa'i bde lam) is one of the so-called eight great scriptures on the graded path (lam rim). This commentary was written by Lobzang Chökyi Gyaltsen (blo bzang chos kyi rgyal mtshan, 1570-1662). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eating a white lion's flesh. Eating a white lion's flesh is a symbolic term as often found in the Tantric vows such as in the twenty-three vows of Anu yoga Tantric conduct. Though this apparently relates to abuse of the guru, the actual set of commitments have not been definitely identified. [Peter Roberts]

Effort, Energy (virya, brtson 'grus). n. of fourth Perfection, joy in the practice of virtue. [RY]

Ego-clinging (bdag 'dzin). The habitual clinging to the mistaken idea that the 'I' is an independent, singular and permanent entity. Ego-clinging is the source of disturbing emotions and the basis for all negative karmic actions leading to endless samsaric existence. [RY] Egolessness (bdag med). The absence or lack of a self-entity in both the individual person as well as matter and mind. [RY]

Egolessness (bdag med). The absence or lack of a self-entity in both the individual person as well as matter and mind. Egolessness is not an acheivement but the natural state of things. Practitioners of the lower vehicles, the shravakas and pratyekabuddhas, attain a partial realization of egolessness, but it is the bodhisattva who through practicing the six paramitas dicovers reality as it is. [RY]

eight and sixteen fears. The very Indian principal eight fears are: lions, elephants, snakes, great rivers, chains (i.e. imprisonment), robbers and demons. The sixteen fears are: enemies, lions, elephants, fire, snakes, robbers, prison, ocean waves, demons, leprosy, the emissaries of Indra (Indra being the ruler of the paradise upon Mount Meru, his emissaries are powerful supernatural beings, called gandharvas, or "smell-eaters"), poverty, separation from one's loved ones, a king's punishment, and failure. [Peter Roberts]

eight aspects of the main stage of the dhyanas [LW1] [RY]

eight aspects of the preparatory stage [LW1] [RY]

eight aspirations of a Bodhisattva (byang chub sems dpa'i rtog pa brgyad). 1) To become able to dispel all the sufferings of beings, 2) to establish in wealth all those stricken by poverty, 3) to become able to give one's flesh and blood for the welfare of beings, 4) to remain in the hell realm and bring some good there, 5) to fulfill the hopes of beings with the bounty of samsara and nirvana, 6) to attain enlightenment, and remove forever the suffering of beings, 7) never to enjoy harming others rather than benefiting them, and 8) to want all beings to become happy through the exchange of one's happiness for their suffering. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eight bodhisattvas (byang chub sems dpa' brgyad). Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Maitreya, Samantabhadra, Vajrapani, Ksitigarbha, Akashagarbha, Nirvaranaviskambin. [RY]

Eight bodhisattvas (byang chub sems dpa' brgyad). See Eight main bodhisattvas. [RY]

Eight branches (yan lag brgyad). The seven branches in addition to arousing bodhicitta. [RY] Eight Chariots of the Practice Lineage (sgrub brgyud shing rta brgyad), listing of [LW1] [RY]

eight chariots of the practice lineages (sgrub brgyud shing rta brgyad). Nyingma (rnying ma), Kadam (bka' gdams), Sakya (sa skya), Kagyu (bka' brgyud), Shangpa Kagyu (zhangs pa bka' brgyud), Shiche and Chöd (zhi byed and gcod), Kalachakra or Jordrug (dus 'khor or sbyor drug), and Orgyen Nyengyu (o rgyan bsnyen brgyud). For a collection of instructions and empowerments related to these eight chariots, see DZ. [MR-ShabkarNotes] Eight Chariots of Transmission: (sgrub brgyud shin rta chen po rgyad) : (1) Nyingma (rnying ma), Kadam (bka' gdams), Sakya (sa skya), Kagyu (bka' brgyud), Shangpa Kagyu (zhangs pa bka' brgyud), Shiche and Chöd (zhi byed and gcod), Kalachakra or Jordrug (dus 'khor or sbyor drug), and Orgyen Nyengyu (o rgyan bsnyen brgyud). [MR]

Eight charnel grounds (dur khrod brgyad): 1) Cool Grove, Sitavana (bsil ba tshal), in the east. 2) Perfected in Body (sku la rdzogs) to the south. 3) Lotus Mound (pad ma brtsegs) to the west. 4) Lanka Mound (lan ka brtsegs) to the north. 5) Spontaneously Accomplished Mound (lhun grub brtsegs) to the south-east. 6) Display of Great Secret (gsang chen rol pa) to the south-west. 7) Pervasive Great Joy (he chen brdal ba) to the north-west. 8) World Mound ('jig rten brtsegs) to the north-east. There are also numerous other lists of charnel grounds. [RY]

Eight classes (sde brgyad). The same as the Eight Classes of Gods and Spirits (lha srin sde brgyad). [RY] eight classes of gods and demons (lha srin sde brgyad) listing of [LW1] [RY] Eight classes of gods and demons (lha srin sde brgyad). [RY] Eight classes of gods and Spirits (lha srin sde brgyad). There are various descriptions but in the sutras the most general is: devas, nagas, yakshas, gandharvas, asuras, garudas, kinnaras, and mahoragas. All of them were able to receive and practice the teachings of the Buddha. These eight classes can also refer to various types of mundane spirits who can cause either help or harm, but remain invisible to normal human beings: ging, mara, tsen, yaksha, raksha, mamo, rahula, and naga. On a subtle level, they are regarded as the impure manifestation of the eight types of consciousness. [ZL] [RY]

eight classes of gods and raksas (lha srin sde brgyad). According to the Yamantaka Tantra (gshin rje gshed kyi rgyud, see TC, p. 3090) these are gshin rje, ma mo, srin po, mi'am ci, sa bdag btsan, and bdud. In his sde brgyad gser skhyems, Nub Sangye Yeshe enumerates six different series of these eight classes. See NS, vol.2, pp. 158-59. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight classes of herukas or means for attainment (sgrub pa bka' brgyad). 1) Yamantaka, the wrathful Manjusri, the deity of body ('jam dpal sku); 2) Hayagriva, the deity of speech (padma gsung); 3) Vishuddha, the deity of mind (yang dag thugs); 4) Vajramrita, the deity of enlightened qualities (bdud rtsi yon tan); 5) Vajra Kila, the deity of action (phur ba 'phrin las); 6) Matarah, the deity of calling and dispatching (ma mo rbod gtong); 7) the worldly deities of offering and praise ('jig rten mchod bstod); and 8) the worldly deities of wrathful mantras (mod pa drag sngags). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight classes of Mahadevas (lha chen brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

Eight Close Sons (nye ba'i sras brgyad), main bodhisattvas [LW1] [RY]

Eight Close Sons (nye ba'i sras brgyad). The same as the 'eight bodhisattvas.' [RY]

eight collections (tshogs brgyad), of consciousnesses [LW1] [RY]

Eight collections (tshogs brgyad). the eight groups of the cognitions of the eight consciousnesses; of the five sense consciousnesses, of mind consciousness, ego consciousness and all-ground consciousness. [RY]

Eight collections of consciousness (rnam shes tshogs brgyad). The all-ground consciousness, mind-consciousness, defiled mind-consciousness, and the five sense-consciousnesses. [RY]

Eight collections of consciousness (rnam shes tshogs brgyad). The eight groups of the cognitions of the eight consciousnesses: the five sense consciousnesses, mind consciousness, ego consciousness and all-ground consciousness. [RY]

Eight Collections of Consciousness (rnam shes tshogs brgyad): the all-ground consciousness, the defiled mental consciousness, the mental cognition, and the cognitions of eye, ear, nose, tongue, and body. [AL] [RY] Eight common siddhis (thun mong gi dngos grub brgyad). Eight types of mundane miraculous powers. [RY] Eight conditions which limit one's natural potential to attain freedom; (ris chad blo yi mi khom rnam pa brgyad): (1) To be fettered by one's family, wealth and occupations so that one does not have the leisure to practice the dharma. (2) To have a wicked nature that leads to extremely bad conduct, so that even when one meets a spiritual teacher it is very hard for one to turn one's mind to the dharma (3) To have no fear of the suffering of samsara and therefore no feeling of renunciation or no weariness at all of samsara. (4) To lack the jewel of faith and therefore have no inclination whatsoever to meet a spiritual teacher and enter the threshold of the teachings (5) To delight in negative actions and have no compunction about them, thus turning one's back to the dharma (6) To have no more interest in the dharma than a dog for grass and therefore to be unable to develop any positive quality. (7) To have spoiled one's vows and Mahayana precepts, and therefore to be doomed to the lower realms of existence where there is no leisure to practice the dharma (8) Having entered the extraordinary path of the Vajrayana, to have broken one's samaya with one's teacher and vajra brothers and sisters, and thus have no chance of achieving any realization. [MR]

Eight conditions which cause one to drift away from the dharma; ('phral byung rkyen gyi mi khom rnam pa brgyad): Gyalwa Longchenpa, Longchen Rabjam; explains: (1) To be greatly disturbed by the five poisonous emotions (2) To be extremely stupid (3) To fall prey to evil influences (4) To be distracted by laziness (5) To lead a wrong way of life (6) To be enslaved or controlled by others (7) To practice only for the sake of protection from dangers (8) To practice a mere semblance of the dharma for the sake of gain and fame. [MR]

Eight consciousnesses (rnam shes tshogs brgyad). The all-ground consciousness, mind-consciousness, afflicted mind-consciousness, and the five sense-consciousnesses. [RY]

Eight consciousnesses; (rnam shes tshogs brgyad): 1) The undetermined and amorphous ground consciousness, already obscured by ignorance but undetermined with respect to virtue and non-virtue. 2 to 6) The consciousnesses associated with each of the five sense organs. 7) Mind consciousness, or intellectual cognition of the senses. 8) Intellection which is predominantly tainted by the negative emotions (klesas). The first six do not accumulate karma, while the last two do. [MR]

Eight constructs (spros pa brgyad). The mental formulations of mind or phenomena having such attributes as arising and ceasing, being singular or plural, coming and going, and being the same or being different. [RY]

Eight deviations (shor sa brgyad). The four basic and the four temporary strayings. [RY]

Eight disciples (rje 'bangs brgyad). The eight chief recipients in Tibet of the Eight Sadhana Teachings transmitted by Guru Rinpoche: King Trisong Deutsen, Namkhai Nyingpo, Sangye Yeshe, Gyalwa Cho-yang, Yeshe Tsogyal, Palgyi Yeshe, Palgyi Senge, and Vairochana. [ZL] [RY]

Eight doors to samsara ('khor ba'i sgo brgyad). The eight openings of one's body not counting the aperture at the top of one's head. [RY]

eight emancipations (rnam thar brgyad); expl. [LWx] [RY] eight emancipations. See emancipations [LW1] [RY]

Eight extremes {spros mtha' brgyad}. Creation, cessation, nihilism, eternalism, coming, going, diversity and identity. [RY]

Eight female bodhisattvas (byang chub sems ma brgyad). Lasya, Mala, Gita, Nirti, Pushpa, Dhupa, Aloka and Gandha. [RY]

eight freedoms (dal ba brgyad) and ten favorable conditions ('byor ba bcu) conducive to practicing the dharma. First are the freedoms from eight obstacles to practicing the Dharma, which are, 1) to be born in a hell realm, 2) among the pretas, or tormented spirits, 3) as an animal, 4) among savages, 5) as a long-living god, 6) holding totally erroneous views, 7) in a dark kalpa, during which no Buddha has appeared in the world, 8) with impaired sense faculties. Second, among the ten favorable conditions, there are five conditions that depend on ourselves (rang 'byor lnga): 1) to be born as a human being, 2) in a place where the Dharma flourishes, 3) with complete sense faculties, 4) without the karma of living in a way totally opposite to the Dharma, 5) and having faith in what deserves it. There are five conditions that depend upon others (gzhan 'byor lnga): 1) a Buddha should have appeared in the world, 2) and have taught the Dharma, 3) the Dharma should have remained until our days, 4) we should have entered the Dharma, 5) and have been accepted by a spiritual teacher. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eight freedoms (dal ba brgyad). Not being in the three lower realms, not a long-living god, not having wrong views, not a savage, a mute, or born in an age without buddhas. [RY]

eight gates (sgo brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

eight gates manifesting as outward luminosity (phyi gsal snang ba'i sgo brgyad); expl. [LWx] [RY]

eight gates of spontaneous presence [LWx] [RY]

eight gates of the manifestation modes; expl. [LWx] [RY]

Eight Gling pa - Lineage of gter ston active in the fifteenth through seventeenth centuries [RY]

Eight goddesses (lha mo brgyad). Lasya, Mala, Gita, Nirti, Pushpa, Dhupa, Aloka and Gandha. [RY]

eight great caves (brag phug chen po brgyad), listing of [LW1] [RY]

Eight Great Chariots of the Practice Lineage (sgrub brgyud shing rta brgyad). The eight independent schools of Buddhism that flourished in Tibet: Nyingma, Kadam, Marpa Kagyü, Shangpa Kagyü, Sakya, Jordruk, Nyendrub, Shije and Chö. Today only the first five survive as independent lineages. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Eight Great Disciplines - ascetic practices concerned with food, dress, speech, body, mind, teaching, benefiting others, and compassion. [RY]

Eight great gter stons are Ratna gling pa, Padma gling pa, Orgyen gling pa, Sangs rgyas gling pa, rDo rje gling pa, Karma gling pa, Orgyen rDo rje gling pa, and Orgyen Padma gling pa. There gter stons are lived during the 14th and 15th centuries. [RY]

eight great treasure mines of courageous eloquence (spobs pa'i gter chen brgyad); listing of [LW1] [RY]

eight great vidyadhara receivers of the transmissions (bka' babs rig 'dzin chen po brgyad), listing of [LW1] [RY]

Eight great vidyadharas, receivers of the transmissions (bka' babs rig 'dzin chen po brgyad. 1) The receiver of the transmission of Manjushri was Manjushrimitra ('jam dpal bshes gnyen), the vidyadhara of Body. 2) The receiver of the transmission of Mighty Padma (pad ma dbang) [Hayagriva] was Nagarjuna (klu sgrub snying po), the vidyadhara of Speech. 3) The receiver of the transmission of Vishuddha (yang dag) was Hungchenkara (hung mdzad), the vidyadhara of Mind. 4) The receiver of the transmission of Amrita Medicine (bdud rtsi sman) was Vimalamitra (dri med bshes gnyen), the vidyadhara of Qualities. 5) The receiver of the transmission of Kilaya (phur pa) was Prabhahasti ('od kyi glang po), the vidyadhara of Activity. 6) The receiver of the transmission of Botong (rbod gtong) was Danasanskrit (nor gyi legs sbyar), the vidyadhara of Mamo. 7) The receiver of the transmission of Mopa (dmod pa) was Shintamgarbha (zhi ba'i snying po), the vidyadhara of Fierce Mantra (drag sngags). 8) The receiver of the transmission of Loka ('jig rten) was Guhyachandra (gsang ba'i zla ba), the vidyadhara of Worship (mchod bstod). [RY]

Eight Heruka Sadhanas - the eight Heruka Sadhanas are part of the meditative realization transmission which preserves essential instructions for practice. Each of these sadhanas is connected with a particular root text and with various specific practices containing everything necessary for enlightenment. the were transmitted from Padmasambhava to eight of his disciples who were known as the Eight Great Acharyas. The Eight Heruka Sadhanas are: 'jam dpal sku (gshin rje); Padma gsung; Yang dag thugs; rdo rje phur ba 'phrin las; bdud rtsi yon tan; ma mo rbod stong; 'jig rten mchod bstod; and dmod pa drag sngags. [RY]

Eight heruka sadhanas (sgrub pa bka' brgyad). Eight yidams and their corresponding sadhanas received by Padmakara from the Eight Vidyadharas. [RY]

Eight Indian Vidyadharas (rgya gar gyi rig 'dzin brgyad). Manjushrimitra, Nagarjuna, Hungchenkara, Vimalamitra, Prabhahasti, Danasanskrit, Shintamgarbha and Guhyachandra. [RY]

Eight jewel ornaments (rin po che'i rgyan brgyad). The crown, earrings, choker, short necklace, long necklace, arm rings, bracelets and anklets, belt. [RY]

eight kinds of death ('chi ba rnam pa brgyad) [Peter Roberts]

eight knowledge-holders; alias eight great vidyadharas; [LWx] [RY]

eight lay precepts (bsnyen gnas kyi sdom pa). A lay ordination of precepts taken for twenty-four hours, from dawn to dawn. These include avoiding 1) taking life, 2) taking what is not given, 3) sexual intercourse, 4) telling lies, 5) drinking liquor, 6) dancing, wearing garlands, using perfumes, playing worldly music, 7) sleeping on a high and ornamented bed, and 8) eating after noon. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight limiting, or conditioning concepts (spros pa'i mtha' brgyad): conceiving of reality in terms of existence and non-existence, eternity and nothingness, going and coming, sameness and difference. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight limiting, or conditioning, concepts (spros pa'i mtha' brgyad). Conceiving of reality in terms of existence and nonexistence, eternity and nothingness, going and coming, sameness and difference. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight limits of constructs (spros pa'i mtha' brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

Eight Lingpas (gling pa brgyad). Sangye, Dorje, Rinchen, Padma, Ratna, Kunkyong, Do-ngag and Tennyi Lingpa.[AL] [RY]

Eight Lokla Dey (logs la sde brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

Eight main bodhisattvas (nye ba'i sras brgyad). Kshitigarbha, Akashagarbha, Avalokiteshvara, Vajrapani, Maitreya, Sarvanirvarana vishkambin, Samantabhadra and Manjushri. [RY] eight major and minor classes of haughty spirits [LW1] [RY]

Eight male and female bodhisattvas. [Daki] [RY]

Eight mamo goddesses and eight yoginis. [Daki] [RY]

eight manifestations (gu ru mtshan brgyad), listing [LW1] [RY]

Eight manifestations (gu ru mtshan brgyad). Eight forms of Guru Rinpoche: Shakya Senge, Padmasambhava, Nyima Özer, Senge Dradrok, Dorje Drollo, Tsokye Dorje, Padma Gyalpo and Loden Choksey. [RY]

eight masteries (zil gnon brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

Eight Maya Sections (sgyu 'phrul sde brgyad). Basic Mahayoga scriptures. Listed in Chapter 12. [ZL] [RY]

Eight Maya Sections (sgyu 'phrul sde brgyad). See Eight Sections of Magical Net, Magical Net [LW1] [RY]

Eight objects (yul brgyad). The objects of the eight consciousnesses: sight, sound, smell, taste, texture, mental objects, the all-ground, and appearance. [RY]

Eight personal treasures of the king. [Daki] [RY]

Eight Places of the Accomplished Ones (grub thob gnas brgyad), in the Golden Valley of Rekong, are eight places prophesied by Guru Padmasambhava, where eight great yogins of his lineage practiced, attained realization and performed many miracles. In AC, vol.2, pp. 304-12, the eight (or nine) places are identified as follows: In the center is Balgi Khargong Lakha ('bal gyi mkhar gong la kha) the meditation place of the Bodhisattva of Bol ('bol gyi byang chub sems dpa'). In the east is Taklung Shelgi Riwo (stag lung shel gyi ri bo), the meditation place of Shelgi Odeh Gung Gyal (shel gyi 'o de gung rgyal). In the southeast is Lhadrak Karpo, in the Upper part of Chang, (spyang phu'i lha brag dkar po), where Kalden Gyatso had a vision of Kasarpani and one of the Sixteen Arhats. In the vicinity is Ratse Phug (rwa rtse phug), the meditation place of Masö Shili Urwa (ma gsod zhi li 'ur ba). In the south, in Dambu, is Drakar Serkhang ('dam bu'i brag dkar gser khang), the meditation place of the great Brahmin Litrö (bram ze chen po li khrod). In the southwest is Thamug Dzongmar Gonpa (mtha' smug rdzong dmar dgon pa), the meditation place of Athu Ngakpa Yu Ngok (a mthu'i sngags pa g.yu rngogs). In the west is Sheldel Chökyi Potrang (shel del chos kyi pho brang), the meditation place of Tönpa Odeh Shampo (ston pa 'o de sham po). AC mentions that this is actually an extra, or ninth place. In the northwest is Kyagang Nemö Bangwa or Dori Palkyi Ritse (skya sgang gnas mo'i bang ba, or do ri dpal gyi ri rtse), the meditation place of Seyi Gyalwa Changchup (bse yi rgyal ba byang chub), where there are many images that have appeared naturally on the rocks. In the north is Gongmo Gurkhang Draktsa (gong mo'i gur khang brag rtsa), the meditation place of the Bönpo master Drenpa Namkha (dran pa nam mkha'). In the north-east, Chuchik Shel (bcu gcig shel), the meditation place of Kathok Dorje Wangpo (ka thog rdo rje dbang po, see note 6), Chöpa Rinpoche and Jetsun Kalden Gyatso (see note 2). In RO, pp.46-58, nine places where eight siddhas meditated are identified in a slightly different way. The spelling of the names of the places and of the siddhas also vary. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight places of the accomplished ones (grub thob gnas brgyad). The Eight Sacred Sites of the Accomplished Ones, located in the Golden Valley of Rekong, are eight places prophesied by Guru Padmasambhava, where eight great yogins of his lineage practiced, attained realization, and performed many miracles. In AC, vol.2, pp. 304-12, the eight (or nine) places are identified as follows:In the center is Balgi Khargong Lakha ('bal gyi mkhar gong la kha) the meditation place of the Bodhisattva of Bol ('bol gyi byang chub sems dpa'). In the east is Taklung Shelgi Riwo (stag lung shel gyi ri bo), the meditation place of Shelgi Odeh Gung Gyal (shel gyi 'o de gung rgyal). In the southeast is Lhadrak Karpo, in the Upper part of Chang, (spyang phu'i lha brag dkar po), where Kalden Gyatso had a vision of Kasarpani and of the Sixteen Arhats. In the vicinity is Ratse Phug (rwa rtse phug), the meditation place of Masö Shili Urwa (ma gsod zhi li 'ur ba). In the south, in Dambu, is Drakar Serkhang ('dam bu'i brag dkar gser khang), the meditation place of the great Brahmin Litrö (bram ze chen po li khrod). In the southwest is Thamug Dzongmar Gonpa (mtha' smug rdzong dmar dgon pa), the meditation place of Athu Ngakpa Yu Ngok (a mthu'i sngags pa g.yu rngogs). In the west is Sheldel Chökyi Potrang (shel del chos kyi pho brang), the meditation place of Tönpa Odeh Shampo (ston pa 'o de sham po). AC mentions that this is actually an extra, or ninth place. In the northwest is Kyagang Nemö Bangwa or Dori Palkyi Ritse (skya sgang gnas mo'i bang ba, or do ri dpal gyi ri rtse), the meditation place of Seyi Gyalwa Changchup (bse yi rgyal ba byang chub), where there are many sacred images that have appeared naturally on the rocks. In the north is Gongmo Gurkhang Draktsa (gong mo'i gur khang brag rtsa), the meditation place of the Bönpo master Drenpa Namkha (dran pa nam mkha'). In the northeast, Chuchik Shel (bcu gcig shel), the meditation place of Kathok Dorje Wangpo (ka thog rdo rje dbang po, see notes 5 and 6), Chöpa Rinpoche and Jetsun Kalden Gyatso (see note 2). In RO, p.46-58, nine places where eight siddhas meditated are identified in a slightly different way. The spelling of the names of the places and of the siddhas also vary. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eight Practice Lineages (sgrub brgyud brgyad). See above. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Eight Practice Lineages (sgrub brgyud shing rta brgyad). The eight independent schools of Buddhism that flourished in Tibet: Nyingma, Kadampa, Marpa Kagyu, Shangpa Kagyu, Sakya, Jordruk, Shije, and Cho. [RY]

Eight qualities of loving kindness;, (byams pa'i yon tan brgyad): If one has loving kindness, (1) It will rejoice gods and men (2) they will protect one (3) one will not be harmed by poison and (4) by weapons (5) one will have a happy mind (6) one will experience manifold happiness (7) one will accomplish effortlessly one's aspirations (8) and even if one does not achieve liberation immediately one will be reborn in the highest realm. [MR]

Eight qualities of mastery (dbang phyug brgyad). [RY]

eight qualities of perfect water (chu yan lag brgyad ldan). Water which is cool, sweet, light, soft, clear, pure, and which is neither upsetting to the stomach nor irritating to the throat. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eight sacred places blessed by Guru Padmasambhava for the practice of the Eight Herukas: (1) Drak Yongdzong, sgrags yongs rdzong, the place related to the Heruka of the body family, Jampel Shinje, where Nup Sangye Yeshe achieved realization, (2) Samye Chimphu, bsam yas mchims phu;, the place related to the Heruka of the lotus, speech family, Tamdrin, where Gyalwa Chöyang attained realization, (3) Lhodrak Karchu, lho brag mkhar chu;, the place related to the Heruka of the mind family, Yandag, where Gelong Namkhainyinpo attained realization, (4) Yarlung Sheldrak, yar klung shel brag;, the place related to the Heruka of the quality family, Dutsi Yönten, where Karchen Yeshe Shönnu attained realization, (5) Mönkha Senge Dzong, mon kha ne ring seng ge dzong;, the place related to the Heruka of the activity family, Dorje Phurba, where Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal attained realization, [RY]

Eight sacred places blessed 2. (6) Yart" Shambo Khangra Yart", yar stod sham po gangs rwa;, the place related to the Mamo B"tong, where Dromi Palgi Senge attained realization, (7) Padro Taksang, spa phro stag tshang;, the place related to Jigten Chöto, where Langchen Palseng, attained realization, and (8) Samye Drakmar Yamalung, bsam yas brag dmar g.ya' ma lung;, the place related to the M"pa Tranak, where the Great Translator Vairocana attained realization. [MR]

Eight Sadhana Sections. [Daki] [RY]

Eight Sadhana Teachings (sgrub pa bka' brgyad). Eight chief yidam deities of Mahayoga and their corresponding tantras and sadhanas: Manjushri Body, Lotus Speech, Vishuddha Mind, Nectar Quality, Kilaya Activity, Liberating Sorcery of Mother Deities, Maledictory Fierce Mantra, and Mundane Worship. Often the name refers to a single practice involving complex mandalas with numerous deities. See also under Assemblage of Sugatas and Sadhana Section. [AL] [RY]

Eight Sadhana Teachings of Sugatagarbha (bde gshegs snying po sgrub pa bka' brgyad). [EMP] [RY]

Eight Sections of Magical Net (sgyu 'phrul sde brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

Eight siddhis (dngos grub brgyad). The eight types of mundane or common accomplishments. [RY]

Eight subcontinents (gling phran brgyad). Smaller continents surrounding Mount Sumeru in pairs flanking each of the four continents: Deha and Videha, Chamara and Upachamara, Shatha and Uttara mantrina, Kurava and Kaurava. [RY]

eight sufferings of human beings [LW1] [RY]

Eight temporary unfree conditions. ('phral gyi mi khoms pa brgyad). [RY]

Eight Thousand Verses (brgyad stong pa); quotation from [LWx] [RY]

Eight Thousand Verses. See Sutra of Prajnaparamita in Eight Thousand Verses [LW1] [RY]

Eight Tibetan Vidyadharas (bod kyi rig 'dzin brgyad). Eight accomplished disciples of Guru Rinpoche. [RY]

eight tramen goddesses [LW1] [RY]

eight types of application ('du byed brgyad); listing of; that discard the five shortcomings (nyes pa lnga) [LW1] [RY]

eight types of application ('du byed brgyad); listing of; that discard the five shortcomings (nyes pa lnga), expl. [LWx] [RY]

eight unfree states (mi khoms brgyad); due to an unfortunate frame of mind; due to temporary conditions [LW1] [RY]

eight unfree states (mi khoms brgyad); due to an unfortunate frame of mind, expl.; due to temporary conditions, expl.; listing of [LWx] [RY]

eight vidhyadharas or awareness-holders of india (rgya gar rig 'dzin brgyad). Vimalamitra, Humkara, Manjusrimitra, Nagarjuna, Padmasambhava, Dhanasamskrita, Rambuguhya-Devacandra, and Santigarbha. See NS, vol. 1, pp. 475-83. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eight Vidyadhara Masters (rig 'dzin gyi slob dpon brgyad). Same as the Eight Indian Vidyadharas. [RY]

Eight Vidyadharas (rgya gar gyi rig 'dzin brgyad). Manjushrimitra, Nagarjuna, Hungchenkara, Vimalamitra, Prabhahasti, Danasanskrita, Shintam Garbha and Guhyachandra. [RY]

Eight Vidyadharas (rig 'dzin brgyad). Manjushrimitra, Nagarjuna, Hungkara, Vimalamitra, Prabhahasti, Dhana Sanskrita, Shintam Garbha, and Guhyachandra. [ZL] [RY] eight vidyadharas (rig 'dzin brgyad). See eight great vidyadharas [LW1] [RY]

Eight vidyadharas of India and Tibet. [Daki] [RY]

eight worldly concerns ('jig rten chos brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

Eight worldly concerns ('jig rten chos brgyad). Attachment to gain, pleasure, praise and fame, and aversion to loss, pain, blame and bad reputation. [RY]

Eight worldly concerns ('jig rten chos brgyad). Attachment to gain, pleasure, praise and fame, and aversion to loss, pain, blame and bad reputation. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

EIGHT WORLDLY CONCERNS ('jig rten chos brgyad). Attachment to gain, pleasure, praise and fame, and aversion to loss, pain, blame and bad reputation. [AL] [RY]

eight worldly concerns ('jig rten chos brgyad). Happiness and suffering, gain and loss, praise and criticism, fame and obscurity. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight worldly concerns ('jig rten chos brgyad); listing of [LWx] [RY]

Eight worldly concerns {'jig rten chos brgyad}. Gain and loss; pleasure and pain; praise and blame; fame and defamation. [RY]

eight worldly concerns are happiness and suffering, gain and loss, praise and criticism, fame and obscurity. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eight worldly concerns. Attachment to gain, pleasure, praise and fame, and aversion to loss, pain, blame and bad reputation.[Primer] [RY]

eight yoginis [LW1] [RY]

Eighteen constituents (khams bco brgyad). The six collections of consciousness, the six senses and the six sense objects. [RY]

eighteen constituents, or dhatus. The six collections of consciousness, the six senses and the six sense objects.[Primer] [RY]

Eighteen Dzogchen Tantras (rdzogs chen rgyud bco brgyad): Dra Thalgyur Root Tantra, the Tantra of Graceful Auspiciousness, the Tantra of the Heart Mirror of Samantabhadra, the Blazing Lamp Tantra, the Tantra of the Mind Mirror of Vajrasattva, the Tantra of Self-manifest Awareness, the Tantra of Studded Jewels, the Tantra of Pointing-out Instructions, the Tantra of the Six Spheres of Samantabhadra, the Tantra of No Letters, the Tantra of the Perfected Lion, the Pearl Garland Tantra, the Tantra of Self-liberated Awareness, the Tantra of Piled Gems, the Tantra of Shining Relics, the Union of Sun and Moon Tantra, the Tantra of Self-existing Perfection, and the Samantabhadri Tantra of the Sun of the Luminous Expanse. [RY]

Eighteen favorable conditions {dal 'byor bco brgyad}. The eighteen conditions that make it possible to practice the dharma. [RY]

eighteen freedoms and favorable conditions (dal 'byor bco brgyad). These are the Eight Freedoms (dal ba brgyad) and Ten Favorable Conditions ('byor ba bcu) conducive to practicing the Dharma. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eighteen hells (dmyal khams bco brgyad). These include the eight hot hells (tsa dmyal), the eight cold hells (grang dmyal), the ephemeral hells (nyi tshe ba), and the surrounding hells (nye 'khor ba). See Bruyat (1987 p. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eighteen Inner Tantras of Secret Mantra (gsang sngags nang gi rgyud sde bco brgyad). In the context of Chapter 12, the term refers chiefly to the tantras of Mahayoga. They were translated into Tibetan by Padmasambhava and Chokro Lui Gyaltsen. See also Eighteen Mahayoga Tantras. [ZL] [RY]

Eighteen Mahayoga Tantras ([[ma ha yo ga'i rgyud sde bco brgyad]). Listed in Chapter Twelve. An alternative list is given by Shechen Gyaltsab in his historical work entitled The Pond of White Lotus Flowers and in Guru Tashi Tobgyal's Ocean of Wondrous Sayings to Delight the Learned Ones: 1-5) Five Basic Root Tantras of Body, Speech, Mind, Quality and Activity: Sarvabuddha Samayoga, Assemblage of Secrets, Glorious Supreme Primal Tantra, and Activity Garland. 6-10) Five Display Tantras functioning as utilization of sadhana practice: Heruka Display Tantra, Supreme Steed Display Tantra, Compassion Display Tantra, Nectar Display Tantra, and Twelvefold Kilaya Tantra. 11-15) Five Tantras Functioning as Subsidiaries to Conduct: Mountain Pile, Awesome Wisdom Lightning, Arrangement of Samaya, One-pointed Samadhi, and the Rampant Elephant Tantra. 16-17) Two subsequent tantras of amending incompleteness: Magical Net of Vairochana and Skillful Lasso. 18) The one outstanding tantra that epitomizes them all: The Essence of Secrets, the Tantra of the Magical Net of Vajrasattva, also known as Guhyagarbha. [ZL] [RY]

Eighteen Major Scriptures (lung chen po bco brgyad). Eighteen Dzogchen tantras of the Mind Section taught by Shri Singha to Vairochana and Lekdrub. Listed in chapter 14 of ‘’Sanglingpa’’. Found in Vol. KA of the Nyingma Gyübum. [ZL] [RY]

Eighteen Marvels of Mind in Fifty Chapters (sems rmad du byung ba bco brgyad kyi le'u lnga bcu). Several tantras in the first three volumes of the Nyingma Gyübum bear a resembling name although none of them have 50 chapters. A writing mistake seems to have appeared since The Bright Crystal Mirror by Yeshe Tsogyal says instead: "Five first parts of the Eighteen Marvels of Mind" (sems smad bco brgyad kyi stod kyi lnga), referring to the first five tantras translated by Vairochana. [ZL] [RY]

Eighteen Mothers and Children of the Mind Section (sems sde ma bu bco brgyad). [RY]

Eighteen Tantras; of Mahayoga [LWx] [RY]

Eightfold charnel ground attire (dur khrod kyi chas brgyad). Eight ornaments worn by a wrathful buddha. [RY]

Eightfold Magical Net (sgyu 'phrul brgyad pa). A Mahayoga scripture in eight chapters. Vol. PHA of the Nyingma Gyübum. [ZL] [RY]

Eightfold noble path ('phags lam gyi yan lag brgyad). Literally the 'eight aspects of the path of noble beings:' right view, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration. These are perfected on the path of cultivation. [RY]

eightfold path of noble beings ('phags lam yan lag brgyad) [LW1] [RY]

eightfold precepts of lay ordination (bsnyen gnas yan lag brgyad pa) or one-day vows, are taken for twenty-four hours, from dawn to dawn. These include avoiding 1) taking life, 2) taking what is not given, 3) sexual intercourse, 4) telling lies 5) drinking liquor, 6) dancing, wearing garlands, using perfumes, and playing worldly music 7) sleeping on a high and ornamented bed, and 8) eating after midday. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eightfold Volume (bam po brgyad pa). Tantra belonging to the Sadhana Section of Mahayoga; focused on Nectar Quality. Tantra with similar title is found in Vol. LA of the Nyingma Gyübum. Possibly identical with the Scripture in Eight Chapters. [ZL] [RY]

Eight sacred places, in Tibet and Bhutan, blessed by Guru Padmasambhava for the practice of the Eight Herukas. These eight places are: (1) Drak Yangdzong (sgrags yang rdzong), the place related to the Heruka of the body family, Jampel Shinje, where Nup Sangye Yeshe achieved realization, (2) Samye Chimphu (bsam yas mchims phu), the place related to the Heruka of the lotus, speech family, Tamdrin, where Gyalwa Chöyang attained realization; (3) Lodrak Karchu (lho brag mkhar chu), the place related to the Heruka of the mind family, Yandak, where Gelong Namkhai Nyingpo attained realization; (4) Yarlung Sheldrak (yar lung shel brag), the place related to the Heruka of the enlightened qualities family, Dudtsi Yonten, where Karchen Yeshe Shonnu attained realization; (5) Mönkha Senge Dzong (mon kha seng ge rdzong), the place related to the Heruka of the activity family, Dorje Phurba, where Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal attained realization; (6) Yartö Shambo Khangkyi Rawa (yar stod sham po gangs kyi ra ba), the place related to the Mamo Bötong, where Drokmi Palkyi Yeshe attained realization; (7) Paro Taktsang (spa gro stag tshang bsam grub ke'u tshang), the place related to Jigten Chötö, where Langchen Palgyi Senge, attained realization; and.(8) Samye Yamalung (bsam yas g.ya' ma lung), the place related to the Möpa Trak-ngak, where the Great Translator Vairocana attained realization. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eighth Dalai Lama, Jampel Gyatso (rgyal ba 'jam dpal rgya mtsho, 1758-1804). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

eighth level of enlightenment. The eighth of the ten levels or "bhumis" of enlightenment, of the realised Bodhisattva. It is named Achala, (Tibetan: mi g-yo ba) "Immovable". Attaining this bhumi is a major step on the path to Buddhahood. [Peter Roberts]

'eighty inherent thought states' (rang bzhin brgyad cu'i rtog pa) [RY]

Eighty inherent thought states (rang bzhin brgyad cu'i rtog pa). 33 resulting from anger, 40 from desire and 7 from delusion. First, the thirty-three thought states resulting from anger, according to the Spyod bsDus composed by Aryadeva, are: detachment, medium detachment, intense detachment, inner mental going, and coming, sadness, medium sadness, intense sadness, quietude, conceptualization, fear, medium fear, intense fear, craving, medium craving, intense craving, grasping, nonvirtue, hunger, thirst, sensation, medium sensation, intense sensation, cognizing, cognizance, perception-basis, discrimination, conscience, compassion, love, medium love, intense love, apprehensiveness, attraction, and jealousy. Secondly, the forty thought states of desire according to the sPyod bsDus are: attachment, lack of clarity, thorough lust, delight, medium delight, intense delight, rejoicing, strong joy, amazement, laughter, satisfaction, embracing, kissing, clasping, supporting, exertion, pride, engagement, helpfulness, strength, joy, joining in bliss, medium joining in bliss, intense joining in bliss, gracefulness, strong flirtation, hostility, virtue, lucidity, truth, nontruth, ascertainment, grasping, generosity, encouragement, bravery, shamelessness, perkiness, viciousness, unrulyness, and strong deceitfulness. The seven thought states of delusion are, again according to the sPyod bsDus: medium desire, forgetfulness, confusion, speechlessness, weariness, laziness, and doubt. [RY]

Eighty innate thought states (rang bzhin brgyad bcu'i rtog pa). First, the thirty-three thought states resulting from anger are according to the Spyod bsDus composed by Aryadeva: detachment, medium detachment, intense detachment, inner mental going, and coming, sadness, medium sadness, intense sadness, quietude, conceptualization, fear, medium fear, intense fear, craving, medium craving, intense craving, grasping, nonvirtue, hunger, thirst, sensation, medium sensation, intense sensation, cognizing, cognizance, perception-basis, discrimination, conscience, compassion, love, medium love, intense love, apprehensiveness, attraction, and jealousy. Secondly, the forty thought states of desire according to the sPyod bsDus are: attachment, *unclarity, thorough lust, delight, medium delight, intense delight, rejoicing, strong joy, amazement, laughter, satisfaction, embracing, kissing, clasping, supporting, exertion, pride, engagement, helpfulness, strength, joy, joining in bliss, medium joining in bliss, intense joining in bliss, gracefulness, strong flirtation, hostility, virtue, lucidity, truth, nontruth, ascertainment, grasping, generosity, encouragement, bravery, shamelessness, perkiness, viciousness, *unrulyness, and strong deceitfulness. The seven thought states of delusion are, again according to the spyod bsdus: medium desire, forgetfulness, confusion, speechlessness, weariness, laziness, and doubt. [RY]

Eighty Magical Nets (sgyu 'phrul brgyad cu pa). A Mahayoga scripture. [ZL] [RY]

Eighty mahasiddhas (grub thob brgyad bcu, grub chen brgyad bcu). Accomplished masters in the Indian lineages of Vajrayana practice. For details of their life stories, see Buddha's Lions, Dharma Publishing, and Masters of Mahamudra, Suny Press. [RY]

Eighty Minor Marks of Excellence (dpe byad bzang po brgyad bcu). Physical adornments of a perfect buddha. [RY]

Eighty Pieces of Advice to the people of Tingri (rje btsun dam pa sangs rgyas kyis ding ri bar zhal chems su stsal ba ding ri brgyad bcu ma or, in some versions, brgya tsa ma) by Padampa Sangye. See DZ, Vol. 13, pp. 31-6. There are several versions of these teachings. See H.H. Khyentse Rinpoche's commentary, La Sagesse aux Cents Miroirs (1994). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eighty Tsongkhas (tsong kha brgyad bcu pa) are eighty verses composed in praise of Tsongkhapa by the Kashmiri pandita Punya Shri. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eisai - Twelfth century Zen monk, founder of the rinzai Zen school [RY]

Ejection of consciousness (rnam shes 'pho ba). See 'phowa.' [RY]

Ekajati {sngags srung ma}. Female protectress, emanation of Samantabhadri, the female aspect of primordial purity. She especially protects the teachings of the Great Perfection. [RY]

Ekajati. [RY]

Elaborate conduct (spros bcas kyi spyod pa). One of the various types of enhancement. Acts of procuring food and clothing, like a businessman, or keeping to detailed precepts and rituals. [RY]

Elemental forces ('byung po). [ZL] [RY]

elements (khams). See five elements. See aggregates, elements, and sense bases [LW1] [RY]

elements (S: mahabhuta; T: 'byung ba chen po) According to the abhidharma, all materiality can be seen as having the aspects of earth (solidity, tangibility), water (cohesion), fire (radiation, sustaining), and air (movement). [Rain of Wisdom]

Elements, eighteen (dhatu, khams). A sentient being can be regarded as made up of eighteen e., three for each sense-visual objects e., visual faculty e., visual consciousness e., etc... mental object e., mental faculty e., mental consciousness e. [RY]

Elements, four (bhuta, 'byung ba). earth, water, fire, air. [RY]

eleven special qualities of Mantrayana [LW1] [RY]

eleven virtuous mental states (sems byung bcu gcig) [LW1] [RY]

eleven virtuous mental states; listing of [LWx] [RY]

eleven ways of benefiting others; expl. [LWx] [RY]

Eleven-faced Great Compassionate One (thugs rje chen po bcu gcig zhal). Once, as a Bodhisattva, Avalokitesvara was able to liberate all the beings reborn in the hell realms, instantaneously causing these realms to be emptied. Yet, when he looked again, there were as many new beings in the hells as there had been before. Overwhelmed by the infinite sufferings of beings, his head burst into a thousand pieces. Amitabha put these pieces back together into eleven heads, and Avalokitesvara renewed his promise to work for the sake of beings until the very end of samsara. Avalokitesvara also has a thousand hands with an eye on each. These symbolize that he continually sees the suffering of every being in the universe and that he is the source of the thousand Buddhas of this present aeon. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eliminating the Two Extremes (mtha' gnyis sel ba) [LW1] [RY]

Eliminating the Two Extremes (mtha' gnyis sel ba); quotation from [LWx] [RY]

Ema (e ma). An exclamation of sadness. Can also mean the same as 'Emaho.' [RY]

Emaho (e ma ho). An exclamation of wonder and amazement. [ZL] [RY]

Emanated Scriptures of Manjusri ('jam dbyangs sprul pa'i glegs bam), see Appendix 5. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Emanated Scriptures of the Bodhisattva (rgyal sras sprul pa'i glegs bam), see Appendix 5. As will be seen in chap.14, Shabkar is considered to be a reincarnation of Gyalse Ngulchu Thogme (See also Translator's Introduction, p. xx). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Emanated Scriptures of the Kadampas (bka' gdams sprul pa'i glegs bam), see Appendix 5. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

emancipation (thar pa); and omniscience; listing of three; three types of; unexcelled [LW1] [RY]

Emancipation and omniscience (thar pa dang thams cad mkhyen pa). Liberation from samsara and perfect buddhahood. [RY]

1. redirect emancipation and omniscience [LWx] [RY]

emancipation; expl.; listing of three; of cessation; three gates of; [LWx] [RY]

Emancipation-gate of emptiness (rnam par thar pa'i sgo stong pa nyid). One of the 'three gates of emancipation.' [RY]

Emancipation-gate of marklessness (rnam par thar pa'i sgo mtshan ma med pa). One of the 'three gates of emancipation.' [RY]

emancipations (rnam par thar pa). See eight emancipations; eight; listing of four; listing of three; of cessation; three; three gates of [LW1] [RY]

emancipations; listing of four; eight; eight (rnam thar brgyad), expl.; listing of three; three [LWx] [RY]

Embodiment of Great Power Tantra (dbang chen 'dus pa'i rgyud). One of the Eighteen Mahayoga tantras. [ZL] [RY]

Embodiment of Realization (dgongs 'dus). An Anu Yoga scripture of major importance. Abbreviation of The Scripture of the Embodiment of the Realization of All Buddhas (sangs rgyas thams cad kyi dgongs pa 'dus pa'i mdo). [ZL] [RY]

Embodiment of the Three Jewels (bka' rdzogs pa chen po dkon mchog spyi 'dus), the famed spiritual treasure revealed by Rigdzin Jatshön Nyingpo, (rig 'dzin 'ja' tshon snying po, 1585-1656), which contains, among other instructions, sadhanas focused upon the peaceful and wrathful aspects of Guru Rinpoche (gu ru zhi ba and drag po), and upon the Lion-headed Dakini (seng ge gdong ma). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Embodiment of the Three Jewels (dkon mchog spyi 'dus), see chap.10, note 51. Chökyi Wangchuk's lineage of these teachings spread widely from Kyirong to other mountain area of northern Nepal, where his tradition is still followed. See Ehrhard (JNRC, 1992). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Embodiment of the Tripitaka (sde snod 'dus pa). [ZL] [RY]

Emerald steed - A classical metaphor, based on the image of the sun being drawn by seven powerful horses. The color green indicates activity. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eminent Vidyadhara (khyad 'phags rig 'dzin). One of the twelve manifestations. [RY]

Emotions {nyon mongs pa}. Anger, desire, ignorance, jealosy, and pride. [RY]

Emperor (cakravartin, 'khor lo bsgyur (ba'i) rgyal (po)). See Universal Monarch. [RY]

Emperor Jiaqing. The Chinese ruler who reigned from 1796 to 1820) [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Empowered Aspiration (smon lam dbang bskur). One of the six or nine lineages of the Nyingma School. [RY]

Empowerment (abhiseka, dbang (bskur (ba))). The four empowerments, consecrations or initiations are the Flask, Secret, Wisdom-knowledge and Word Empowerments of Anuttara yoga tantra. [RY]

empowerment (dbang). See four empowerments [LW1] [RY]

Empowerment (dbang). The conferring of power or authorization to practice the Vajrayana teachings, the indispensable entrance door to tantric practice. [RY]

Empowerment (dbang). The conferring of power or authorization to practice the Vajrayana teachings, the indispensable entrance door to tantric practice. Empowerment gives control over one's innate vajra body, vajra speech and vajra mind and the authority to regard forms as deity, sounds as mantra and thoughts as wisdom. See also 'four empowerments.' [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Empowerment (dbang). The conferring of power or authorization to practice the Vajrayana teachings, the indispensable entrance door to tantric practice. Empowerment gives control over one's innate vajra body, vajra speech and vajra mind and the authority to regard forms as deity, sounds as mantra and thoughts as wisdom. See also 'four empowerments.' [ZL] [RY]

Empowerment {dbang}. The authorization to practice the Vajrayana teachings. [RY]

Empowerment of awareness display (rig pa'i rtsal gyi dbang). The empowerment for practicing Dzogchen. Sometimes it also refers to the realization achieved through Dzogchen practice. [RY]

Empowerment of Direct Anointment (rgyal thabs spyi blugs kyi dbang). The act of bestowing the four empowerments condensed into one, transferring the totality of blessings, just as a king would empower the crown prince to wield total authority. [ZL] [RY]

Empowerment of the Expression of Awareness (rig pa'i rtsal gyi dbang). The empowerment for practicing Dzogchen. Sometimes it also refers to stage of realization achieved through Dzogchen practice. [ZL] [RY]

Emptiness (stong pa nyid). The fact that phenomena and the ego are empty of, or lack, independent true existence. [RY]

emptiness (stong pa nyid); endowed with the supreme of all aspects; of perceived objects; of perceiver and individual self; of the examining mind [LW1] [RY]

emptiness See sunyata. [Rain of Wisdom]

Emptiness, Signlessness and Wishlessness (shunyata, animitta, apranihita). The three Deliverances, or Doors of Deliverance. [RY]

emptiness; endowed with the supreme of all aspects; of perceived objects; of perceiver and individual self; of the examining mind [LWx] [RY]

Empty and luminous dharmata (chos nyid stong gsal). A synonym for buddha nature, the enlightened essence within all beings. [ZL] [RY]

Empty luminosity (stong pa'i 'od gsal). The unmanifest aspect of luminosity. [RY]

Enchanting Mound (bde byed brtsegs pa) [ZL] [RY]

Energy. See Effort [RY]

engaging consciousnesses ('jug pa'i rnam shes) [LW1] [RY]

Engaging consciousnesses ('jug pa'i rnam shes) are the five sense consciousnesses. [RY]

engaging consciousnesses ('jug pa'i rnam shes); expl. [LWx] [RY]

ENHANCEMENT (bogs 'don). Various practices with the purpose of stabilizing insight. According to Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, the main enhancement practice is the cultivation of devotion and compassion.[AL] [RY]

Enlightened essence (bde gshegs snying po, sugata garbha). In this book, used as a synonym for 'buddha nature.' [RY]

Enlightened essence (bde gshegs snying po, sugata garbha). In this book, used as a synonym for 'buddha nature.' [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Enlightened ones (sangs rgyas). Same as 'buddhas.' [RY]

Enlightenment (byang chub). Usually the same as the state of buddhahood but sometimes also the lower stages of enlightenment of an arhant or pratyekabuddha. [RY]

Enlightenment (byang chub; Skt. bodhi). Usually the same as the state of buddhahood characterized by perfection of the accumulations of merit and wisdom, and by the removal of the two obscurations but sometimes also the lower stages of enlightenment of an arhant or a pratyekabuddha. [RY]

Enlightenment (Skt. bodhi, byang chub) the state of Buddhahood characterized by perfection of the accumulations of merit and wisdom, and by the removal of the two obscurations. [RY]

Enlightenment {byang chub}. Skt. bodhi. Purification of all obscurations and realization of all good qualities. [RY]

Enlightenment, Awakening (bodhi, byang chub). Awakening to Buddhahood from the sleep of ignorance, perfect knowledge. [RY]

Ennin - Ninth century Japanese monk who traveled in China, returning with Pure Land teachings [RY]

Ennin - Ninth century Japanese monk who traveled in China, returning with Pure Land teachings. [Tarthang]

Ensuing perception (rjes snang). The perceptions or appearances perceived during the postmeditation state. [RY]

Entering the Middle Way, Madhyamakavatara (dbu ma la 'jug pa), quotation from [LW1] [RY]

Entering the Middle Way; Madhyamakavatara ('jug pa), quotation from [LWx] [RY]

Entering the Path of Wisdom; colophon from; expl.; notes from [LWx] [RY]

Entering the Path of Wisdom; colophon from; opening verses from [LW1] [RY]

Enthusiastic faith (dang ba'i dad pa). One the three kinds of faith. A sense of strong admiration. [RY]

Entrustments (bka' gtad). Short empowerment ritual, usually for receiving the blessings of the body, speech and mind of the deity.[EMP] [RY] enumerated imagined phenomena(rnam grangs pa'i kun brtags) [LW1] [RY]

Epagsha of Drugu (gru gu e pag sha). One of the first Tibetans to take ordination; received transmission from Hungkara in India together with Namkhai Nyingpo. [ZL] [RY]

Epitome of Teachings Scripture (bka' lung gi spyi chings). One of the Eighteen Major Scriptures of the Mind Section of Dzogchen. [ZL] [RY]

Epitomized Great Space Empowerment Tantra (nam mkha' che dbang gi gal mdo'i rgyud). One of The Twenty-five Tantras of the Great Perfection taught by Shri Singha to Vairochana. [ZL] [RY]

Equal taste (ro mnyam). A high level of realization; perceiving the empty nature of all things. [ZL] [RY]

Equanimity [RWB]

Equilibrium of cessation ('gog pa'i snyoms 'jug). The meditative state entered by an arhant after all disturbing emotions have ceased. It is not considered the ultimate goal by the Mahayana schools. [RY]

Essence Chiti Tantra (snying po spyi ti'i rgyud). One of the Twenty-five Tantras of the Great Perfection taught by Shri Singha to Vairochana. [ZL] [RY]

ESSENCE KAYA (ngo bo nyid kyi sku); Skt. svabhavikakaya. The 'essence body,' sometimes counted as the fourth kaya, and constituting the unity of the three kayas. Jamgön Kongtrül defines it as the aspect of dharmakaya which is 'the nature of all phenomena, emptiness devoid of all constructs and endowed with the characteristic of natural purity.'[AL] [RY]

Essence kaya (ngo bo nyid kyi sku; Skt. svabhavikakaya). The 'essence body.' Sometimes counted as the fourth kaya, the unity of the three kayas. Jamgön Kongtrül defines it as the aspect of dharmakaya which is 'the nature of all phenomena, emptiness devoid of all constructs and endowed with the characteristic of natural purity.' [RY]

Essence kaya; Skt. svabhavikakaya (ngo bo nyid kyi sku). The 'essence body.' Sometimes counted as the fourth kaya, the unity of the three kayas. [RY]

Essence Mahamudra (snying po'i phyag chen). The essential view of Mahamudra introduced directly and without being dependent upon philosophical reasoning: 'Sutra Mahamudra,' or yogic practices: 'Mantra Mahamudra.' [RY]

Essence mantra (snying po'i sngags). The short form of the mantra of a yidam deity as opposed to the longer dharani mantra; for example 'om mani padme hung.' [RY]

ESSENCE MANTRA (snying po'i sngags). The short form of the mantra of a yidam deity as opposed to the longer dharani mantra; for example 'om mani padme hung.'[AL] [RY]

Essence of Accomplishment (not found*) [ZL] [RY]

Essence of awareness (rig ngo). Same as the nature of mind. [RY]

Essence of Discipline (snying po rtul zhugs). [ZL] [RY]

essence of inter-dependence" mantra [Peter Roberts]

Essence of Knowledge (shes rab snying po). [ZL] [RY]

Essence of Secrets (gsang ba'i snying po), Guhyagarbha. The widely renowned tantra of the Early Translations which, according to Jamgön Kongtrül, is the chief of the Eighteen Mahayoga Tantras, exalted above them all like the banner of victory. The first text in Vol. PHA of the Nyingma Gyübum. A great number of commentaries on this tantra is found in the Nyingma Kama collection. [ZL] [RY]

Essence of Secrets. See Guhyagarbha Tantra [LW1] [RY]

Essence of Secrets; also known as Guhyagarbha Tantra [LWx] [RY]

Essence of the Vinaya-Ocean, ('dul ba rgya mtsho'i snying po) is an important text on the Vinaya written by Je Tsongkhapa. The Hundred Thousand Anecdotes on the Origin of the Vinaya ('dul ba'i gleng 'bum), written by Gedun Drup (dge 'dun grub, 1391-1474), is a narration of the events and circumstances that prompted Lord Buddha to formulate the various monastic rules. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Essence Practice (phrin las snying po). A longer version of guru sadhana according to Lamey Tukdrub Barchey Künsel. [RY]

Essence Tantra (snying po'i rgyud). [EMP] [RY]

Essence Tantra of the Expanse of Bliss (thig le bde ba klong gi rgyud). A Mahayoga scripture. [ZL] [RY]

essence, nature and capacity. The three aspects of the sugatagarbha according to the Dzogchen system. Essence (ngo bo) is the primordially pure wisdom of emptiness. The nature (rang bzhin) is the spontaneously present wisdom of cognizance (gsal ba). The capacity (thugs rje) is the all-pervasive wisdom of indivisibility. This is, ultimately, the identity of the Three Roots, the Three Jewels and the three kayas.[Primer] [RY]

essence, nature and capacity; as object of refuge [LWx] [RY]

Essence, nature, and capacity (ngo bo rang bzhin thugs rje). The three aspects of the sugatagarbha according to the Dzogchen system. Essence (ngo bo) is the primordially pure wisdom of emptiness. The nature (rang bzhin) is the spontaneously present wisdom of cognizance (gsal ba). The capacity (thugs rje) is the all-pervasive wisdom of indivisibility. This is, ultimately, the identity of the Three Roots, the Three Jewels and the three kayas. [RY]

Essence, nature, and expression (gshis gdangs rtsal). The three aspects of the sugatagarbha according to the Mahamudra system. [RY]

essence. See 'essence, nature and capacity.'[Primer] [RY]

Essence-extract (bcud len), Skt. rasayana). A practice which sustains the living body with the essences of medicinal plants, minerals, and elemental energy in order to purify the body, heighten concentration and avoid the diversions of seeking ordinary material food. [ZL] [RY]

essences. See also channels, winds, and essences; white and red [LW1] [RY]

essences; white and red [LWx] [RY]

Essential nature of things (dngos po gshis kyi gnas lugs). See 'suchness.' [RY]

Established Doctrines (gtan la dbab pa); aspect of excellent speech [LW1] [RY]

Eternal Sky (g.yung drung nam mkha'). Tthe name could indicate a Bönpo text. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Eternalism (rtag lta). The belief that there is a permanent and causeless creator of everything; in particular, that one's identity or consciousness has a concrete essence which is independent, everlasting and singular. [RY]

eternalism and nihilism. Eternalism is the belief that there is a permanent and causeless creator of everything; in particular, that one's identity or consciousness has a concrete essence which is independent, everlasting and singular. Nihilism in this context is literally 'the view of discontinuance.' The extreme view of nothingness: no rebirth or karmic effects, and the nonexistence of a mind after death.[Primer] [RY]

Eternity and destruction (rtag dang chad pa). The two Extreme views. [RY]

evam maya shrutam ekasmin samaye (di skad bdag gis thos pa dus gcig na) [LW1] [RY]

evam maya; meaning of [LW1] [RY]

Even cross-legged posture, sama-paryanka (mnyam pa'i skyil mo krung)., according to Geshe Kayang 'The ordinary cross-legged posture'; perhaps the same as sattva-paryanka. [RY]

Ever Excellent Vidyadhara (kun bzang rig 'dzin). Same as Guru Rinpoche. [RY]

Ever-crying (rtag tu ngu), Sadaprarudita, (see The Perfection of Wisdom in 8,000 Lines (RiBa), Chapter XXX — Sadaprarudita (RiBa);) and the "Youth Excellent Wealth" (gzhon nu nor bzang), Sudhana, are the names of the exemplary disciples who never hesitated to endure any amount of hardship in order to meet their teacher, be accepted by him, and receive his teaching. See Bruyat et al. 1987, 162-66, and Bruyat et al. 1994. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Ever-Excellent conduct (kun tu bzang po'i spyod pa). [RY]

Ever-Excellent Lady (kun tu bzang mo), Skt. Samantabhadri). 'The All-good,' the mother of all the buddhas of the three times; the female counterpart of the dharmakaya buddha Samantabhadra. She symbolizes emptiness and dharmadhatu. [ZL] [RY]

evil deeds (S: papa; T: sdig pa) Actions which tend to lead one away from enlightenment. The Buddhist equivalent to "sin." [Rain of Wisdom]

Evil deeds (sdig pa). See 'ten negative actions.' [RY]

evil demons of destruction. (sri ngan) "Evil demons of destruction" is here translating "sri ngan". The Si is in fact a kind of spirit in the native Tibetan tradition, that is described as having an animal's head. In fact there are numerous kinds of them, each kind afflicting a certain aspect of humanity, such as children, old people, Vajrayana practitioners, wealth, herds, etc. [Peter Roberts]

Evil spirit (graha, gdon). [RY]

Evil, sin (papa, sdig (pa)). Unwholesome karma. [RY]

Ewam (Skt.) These two syllables represent the union of emptiness and compassion, emptiness and bliss, or means and knowledge.[EMP] [RY]

ewam maya shutam samaya ekasmin; expl. [LWx] [RY]

ewam maya; meaning of [LWx] [RY]

Exaggeration and denigration (sgro btags skur 'debs). Attaching existence or attributes to something which does not have them + underestimating the existence or attributes of something which does have them. [RY]

Exalted Palo Temple (a rya pa lo'i gling). A temple at Samye. [ZL] [RY]

Excellent Conduct (bzang po spyod pa). [ZL] [RY]

excellent speech (gsung rab), twelve aspects [LW1] [RY]

Exhaling the stale breath (rlung ro bsal). A yogic exercise which should be learned through oral instruction from one's teacher. [RY]

Exhaustion of dharmata. [RY]

Exhaustion of phenomena beyond concepts (chos zad blo 'das). The fourth of the four visions of Dzogchen. Same as 'complete and perfect enlightenment.' [RY]

exhaustion of phenomena in dharmata (chos nyid zad pa) corresponds to the reabsorption of all phenomena into the absolute nature, which occurs simultaneously with ultimate realization and represents the fourth and final stage of Thögal practice. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Existence and peace (srid zhi). Synonymous with samsara and nirvana. [RY]

Existence and quiescence (srid pa dang zhi ba). See existence and peace. [RY]

Expanse {dbyings}. The expanse of reality. Skt. dhatu. [RY]

Expedient and definitive meaning (drang don dang nges don). The expedient meaning refers to conventional teachings on karma, path and result designed to lead the practitioner to the 'definitive meaning,' the insight into emptiness, suchness, and buddha nature. [ZL] [RY]

expedient meaning (drang don) [LW1] [RY]

Expedient meaning (drang don). The teachings on conventional meaning designed to lead the practitioner to the 'definitive meaning.' [RY]

expedient meaning (drang don); expl.; of homage; [LWx] [RY]

Expel the dead breath three times. Expelling the dead breath: This is the removal of residual, stale breath that accumulates in the lungs. A breathing practice is taught which enables one to remove it. [Peter Roberts]

Experience (nyams). Usually refers to the temporary experiences of bliss, clarity and nonthought produced through meditation practice. Specifically, one of the three stages: intellectual understanding, experience, and realization. [RY]

Experience and realization (nyams rtogs). An expression used for insight and progress on the path. 'Experience' refers to temporary meditation experiences and 'realization' to unchanging understanding of the nature of things. [RY]

Experience of attainment (thob pa'i nyams). The third of the three stages of appearance, increase and attainment. [RY]

Experience of increase (mched pa'i nyams). The second of the stages of appearance, increase and attainment. [RY]

explanation in terms of ground, path and fruition [LW1] [RY]

explanation of literal meaning [LW1] [RY]

Exposition ('chad), debate (rtsod), and composition (rtsom): these are said to be the three main activities connected with spreading the Dharma. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Exposition Tantra (bshad rgyud) [LW1] [RY]

Exposition Tantra (bshad rgyud). The gsang 'dus bshad rgyud, also called the Vajra Garland (rdo rje phreng ba). [RY]

Exposition Tantra (bshad rgyud); quotation from [LWx] [RY]

Exposition Tantra of Guhyasamaja (gsang ba 'dus pa'i bshad rgyud); synonym for the Tantra that Prophesies Realization [LW1] [RY]

Exposition Tantra of Guhyasamaja (gsang ba 'dus pa'i bshad rgyud); quotation from; synonym for the Tantra that Prophesies Realization; synonyms for [LWx] [RY]

Exposition Tantra of the Two Segments (brtag gnyis bshad rgyud); See also Sambhuti [LW1] [RY]

Exposition Tantra of the Two Segments (brtag gnyis bshad rgyud); also known as Sambhuti [LWx] [RY]

Expression manifest in manifold ways (rtsal sna tshogs su snang ba). The third of the three aspects of sugatagarbha: essence, nature, expression. [RY]

expression of awareness (rig pa'i rtsal) [LW1] [RY]

expression of awareness (rig pa'i rtsal) [LWx] [RY]

Extensive Prajñaparamita; (yum rgyas pa). [PK] [RY]

Extensive Sayings (shin tu rgyas pa'i sde); aspect of excellent speech [LW1] [RY]

Extensive, medium or condensed root empowerments (rtsa dbang rgyas 'bring bsdus gsum). These empowerments can be received from any master who holds the lineage. [RY]

Extracting essences (bcud len). Skt. rasayana). A yogic practice of living of the essences of medicinal plants, minerals, and elemental energy in order to purify the body, highten concentration and avoid the diversions of seeking ordinary material food. [RY]

Extreme of eternalism (rtag mtha'). See 'eternalism.' [RY]

Extreme of nihilism (chad lta). See 'nihilism.' [RY]

Extremes, two (anta, mtha'; or rtag chad). The wrong views of eternalism (shashvata bdrsti) and annihilationism (uccheda drsti), lit. that the personal self is eternal or that it truly ceases to exist, but often generalized to include all over or under estimation of just how much anything can be said to exist. [RY]

Eye of Dharma (chos kyi mig). The faculty that sees reality without obscurations. [ZL] [RY]

Eyes (spyan) / mig. The five eyes known as the physical eye, divine eye, eye of discriminating knowledge, Dharma eye and Buddha eye. [RY]

eyes (spyan); as accomplishment, see five eyes [LW1] [RY]

eyes of the world ('jig rten mig). Lotsawa, translators [RY]

eyes; see 'five eyes' [LWx] [RY]

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