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(return to list of '''''[[Contents & Translation of "Mulamadhyamakakarika: Verses from the Centre"]]''''')
(return to list of '''''[[Contents & Translation of "Mulamadhyamakakarika: Verses from the Centre"]]''''')


'''17. Investigation of Actions and Fruits'''
'''Chapter 17. Investigation of Actions and Fruits'''


'''''(Acts)'''''
'''''(Acts)'''''


<span class=TibUni18>།བདག་ཉིད་ལེགས་པར་སྡོམ་པ་དང།</span><br>


1. bdag nyid legs par sdom pa dang/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་ལ་ཕན་འདོགས་བྱམས་སེམས་གང།</span><br>
gzhan la phan 'dogs byams sems gang/<br>
de chos de ni 'di gzhan du/<br>
'bras bu dag gi sa bon yin/<br>


1. Restraining oneself well and loving thoughts that benefit others are the Dharma which is the seed of fruits here and elsewhere.
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཆོས་དེ་ནི་འདི་གཞན་དུ།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།འབྲས་བུ་དག་གི་ས་བོན་ཡིན།།</span><br>


1. /[[bdag nyid]] [[legs par sdom pa]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[[gzhan la phan]] [['dogs]] [[byams sems]] [[gang]]/<br>
/[[de]] [[chos]] [[de ni]] [['di]] [[gzhan du]]/<br>
/[['bras bu]] [[dag]] [[gi]] [[sa bon]] [[yin]]//


2. drang srong mchog gi las rnams ni/<br>
1. Restraining oneself well and loving thoughts that benefit others are the Dharma which is the seed of fruits
sems pa dang ni bsams par gsungs/<br>
las de dag gi bye brag ni/<br>
rnam pa du mar yongs su bsgrags/<br>


2. The great sage has taught all actions to be intention and what is intended. The specifics of those actions are well known to be of many kinds.
here and elsewhere.


<span class=TibUni18>།དྲང་སྲོང་མཆོག་གི་ལས་རྣམས་ནི།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།སེམས་པ་དང་ནི་བསམས་པར་གསུངས།</span><br>


3. de la las gang sems pa zhes/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།ལས་དེ་དག་གི་བྱེ་བྲག་ནི།</span><br>
gsungs pa de ni yid gyir 'dod/<br>
bsams pa zhes ni gang gsungs pa/<br>
de ni lus dang ngag gir 'dod/<br>


3. In this respect action spoken of as "intention" is regarded as being that of mind. That spoken of as "what is intended" is regarded as being that of body and speech.
<span class=TibUni18>།རྣམ་པ་དུ་མར་ཡོངས་སུ་བསྒྲགས</span><br>


2. /[[drang srong mchog]] [[gi]] [[las]] [[rnams]] [[ni]]/<br>
/[[sems pa]] [[dang]] [[ni]] [[bsams pa]]r [[gsungs]]/<br>
/[[las]] [[de dag gi]] [[bye brag]] [[ni]]/<br>
/[[rnam pa]] [[du ma]] [[yongs su]] [[bsgrags]]//


2. The great sage has taught all actions to be intention and what is intended. The specifics of those actions


4. ngag dang bskyod dang mi spong ba'i/<br>
are well known to be of many kinds.
rnam rig byed min zhes bya gang/<br>
spong ba'i rnam rig byed min pa/<br>
gzhan dag kyang ni de bzhin 'dod/<br>


4. Whatever (1) speech and (2) movements and (3) "unconscious not-letting-go," (4) other kinds of unconscious letting-go are also regarded like that.
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ལ་ལས་གང་སེམས་པ་ཞེས།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།གསུངས་པ་དེ་ནི་ཡིད་གྱིར་འདོད།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།བསམས་པ་ཞེས་ནི་གང་གསུངས་པ།</span><br>


5. longs spyod las byung bsod nams dang/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་ལུས་དང་ངག་གིར་འདོད</span><br>
bsod nams ma yin tshul de bzhin/<br>
sems pa dang ni chos de bdun/<br>
las su mngon par 'dod pa yin/<br>


5. (5) Goodness that arises from enjoyment / use and in the same manner (6) what is not goodness,[and] (7) intention. These seven dharmas are clearly regarded as action.
3. /[[de la]] [[las]] [[gang]] [[sems pa]] [[zhes]]/<br>
/[[gsungs pa]] [[de ni]] [[yid]] [[gyi]]r [['dod]]/<br>
/[[bsams pa]] [[zhes ni]] [[gang gsungs pa]]/<br>
/[[de ni]] [[lus dang ngag]] [[gi]]r [['dod]]//


[This seven-fold division of acts is not traceable to any school of which I am aware. The simpler division into restraint and love found in v. 1 serves a similar purpose to vs. 4 & 5 and has the added advantage of leading into v. 6 through its mention of "fruits".]
3. In this respect action spoken of as "intention" is regarded as being that of mind. That spoken of as "what is


intended" is regarded as being that of body and speech.


6. gal te smin pa'i dus bar du/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།ངག་དང་བསྐྱོད་དང་མི་སྤོང་བའི།</span><br>
gnas na las de rtag par 'gyur/<br>
gal te 'gags na 'gag gyur pas/<br>
ci ltar 'bras bu skyed par 'gyur/<br>


6. If the action remained until the time of ripening, it would become permanent. If it stopped, by having stopped, how could a fruit be born?
<span class=TibUni18>།རྣམ་རིག་བྱེད་མིན་ཞེས་བྱ་གང།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།སྤོང་བའི་རྣམ་རིག་བྱེད་མིན་པ།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།གཞན་དག་ཀྱང་ནི་དེ་བཞིན་འདོད</span><br>


7. myu gu la sogs rgyun gang ni/<br>
4. /[[ngag]] [[dang]] [[bskyod]] [[dang]] [[mi spong ba]]'i/<br>
sa bon las ni mngon par 'byung/<br>
/[[rnam rig byed]] [[min]] [[zhes bya]] [[gang]]/<br>
de las 'bras bu sa bon ni/<br>
/[[spong ba]]'i [[rnam rig byed]] [[min pa]]/<br>
med na de yang 'byung mi 'gyur/<br>
/[[gzhan dag]] [[kyang]] [[ni]] [[de bzhin]] [['dod]]//


7. The continuum of sprouts and so on clearly emerges from seeds, and from that fruits. If there were no seeds, they too would not emerge.
4. Whatever (1) speech and (2) movements and (3) "unconscious not-letting-go," (4) other kinds of unconscious


letting-go are also regarded like that.


<span class=TibUni18>།ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ལས་བྱུང་བསོད་ནམས་དང།</span><br>


8. gang phyir sa bon las rgyun dang/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།བསོད་ནམས་མ་ཡིན་ཚུལ་དེ་བཞིན།</span><br>
rgyun las 'bras bu 'byung 'gyur zhing/<br>
sa bon 'bras bu'i sngon 'gro ba/<br>
de phyir chad min rtag ma yin/<br>


8. Because continuums are from seeds and fruits emerge from continuums and seeds precede fruits, therefore, there is no annihilation and no permanence.
<span class=TibUni18>།སེམས་པ་དང་ནི་ཆོས་དེ་བདུན།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།ལས་སུ་མངོན་པར་འདོད་པ་ཡིན།།</span><br>


5. /[[longs spyod]] [[las byung]] [[bsod nams]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[[bsod nams ma yin]] [[tshul]] [[de bzhin]]/<br>
/[[sems pa]] [[dang]] [[ni]] [[chos]] [[de]] [[bdun]]/<br>
/[[las su]] [[mngon par 'dod pa]] [[yin]]//


9. sems kyi rgyun ni gang yin pa/<br>
5. (5) Goodness that arises from enjoyment / use and in the same manner (6) what is not goodness, [and] (7)
sems las mngon par 'byung bar 'gyur/<br>
de las 'bras bu sems lta zhig/<br>
med na de yang 'byung mi 'gyur/<br>


9. The continuum of mind clearly emerges from mind, and from that fruits. If there were no mind, they too would not emerge.
intention. These seven dharmas are clearly regarded as action.


[This seven-fold division of acts is not traceable to any school of which I am aware. The simpler division into


restraint and love found in v. 1 serves a similar purpose to vs. 4 & 5 and has the added advantage of leading


10. gang phyir sems las rgyun dang ni/<br>
into v. 6 through its mention of "fruits".]
rgyun las 'bras bu 'byung 'gyur zhing/<br>
las ni 'bras bu'i sngon 'gro ba/<br>
de phyir chad min rtag ma yin/<br>


10. Because continuums are from minds and fruits emerge from continuums and actions precede fruits, therefore, there is no annihilation and no permanence.
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་སྨིན་པའི་དུས་བར་དུ།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།གནས་ན་ལས་དེ་རྟག་པར་འགྱུར།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་འགགས་ན་འགག་གྱུར་པས།</span><br>


11. dkar po'i las kyi lam bcu po/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།ཅི་ལྟར་འབྲས་བུ་སྐྱེད་པར་འགྱུར།།</span><br>  
chos sgrub pa yi thabs yin te/<br>
chos kyi 'bras bu 'di gzhan du/<br>
'dod pa'i yon tan rnam lnga po/<br>


11. The ten paths of white action are the means of practising Dharma. Here and elsewhere, the fruits of Dharma are the five kinds of sensual qualities.
6. /[[gal te]] [[smin pa'i dus]] [[bar du]]/<br>
/[[gnas na]] [[las]] [[de]] [[rtag par]] [['gyur]]/<br>
/[[gal te]] [['gags]] [[na]] [['gag]] [[gyur pa]]s/<br>
/[[ci ltar]] [['bras bu skyed pa]]r [['gyur]]//


6. If the action remained until the time of ripening, it would become permanent. If it stopped, by having


stopped, how could a fruit be born?


12. gal te brtag pa der gyur na/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།མྱུ་གུ་ལ་སོགས་རྒྱུན་གང་ནི།</span><br>
nyes pa chen po mang por 'gyur/<br>
de lta bas na brtag pa de/<br>
'dir ni 'thad pa ma yin no/<br>


12. If it were as that investigation, many great mistakes would occur. Therefore, that investigation is not valid here.
<span class=TibUni18>།ས་བོན་ལས་ནི་མངོན་པར་འབྱུང།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ལས་འབྲས་བུ་ས་བོན་ནི།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།མེད་ན་དེ་ཡང་འབྱུང་མི་འགྱུར།།</span><br>


13. sangs rgyas rnams dang rang rgyal dang/<br>
7. /[[myu gu]] [[la sogs]] [[rgyun]] [[gang]] [[ni]]/<br>
nyan thos rnams kyis gang gsungs pa'i/<br>
/[[sa bon]] [[las]] [[ni]] [[mngon pa]] [['byung]]/<br>
brtag pa gang zhig 'dir 'thad pa/<br>
/[[de las]] [['bras bu]] [[sa bon]] [[ni]]/<br>
de ni rab tu brjod par bya/<br>
/[[med na]] [[de yang]] [['byung]] [[mi 'gyur]]//


13. I will fully declare the investigation which is taught by the Buddhas, [[Pratyekabuddhas]] and [[Sravakas]], which is valid here.
7. The continuum of sprouts and so on clearly emerges from seeds, and from that fruits. If there were no


[The explicit denunciation of v. 12 and the strident certainty of v. 13 are an uncharacteristically heavy-handed and wordy way of telling us that the "right" view is about to be given. Yet the text presents all voices with sympathy, suggesting a developmental account of ethics in Buddhism rather than a "we're right - you're wrong" version.]
seeds, they too would not emerge.


<span class=TibUni18>།གང་ཕྱིར་ས་བོན་ལས་རྒྱུན་དང།</span><br>


14. dpang rgya ji ltar de bzhin chud/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།རྒྱུན་ལས་འབྲས་བུ་འབྱུང་འགྱུར་ཞིང།</span><br>
mi za las ni bu lon bzhin/<br>
de ni khams las rnam pa bzhi/<br>
de yang rang bzhin lung ma bstan/<br>


14. Just like a contract, irrevocable action is like a debt. In terms of realms, there are four types. Moreover, its nature is unspecified.
<span class=TibUni18>།ས་བོན་འབྲས་བུའི་སྔོན་འགྲོ་བ།</span><br>


[nb. "nature" = Skt. prakrti = Tib. rang bzhin]
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཕྱིར་ཆད་མིན་རྟག་མ་ཡིན།།</span><br>


8. /[[gang phyir]] [[sa bon]] [[las rgyun]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[[rgyun las]] [['bras bu 'byung]] [['gyur zhing]]/<br>
/[[sa bon]] [['bras bu]]'i [[sngon 'gro ba]]/<br>
/[[de phyir]] [[chad]] [[min]] [[rtag ma]] [[yin]]//


15. spong bas spang ba ma yin te/<br>
8. Because continuums are from seeds and fruits emerge from continuums and seeds precede fruits,
sgom pas spang ba nyid kyang yin/<br>
de phyir chud mi za ba yis/<br>
las kyi 'bras bu skyed par 'gyur/<br>


15. It is not let go of by letting go, but only let go of by cultivation. Therefore through irrevocability are the fruits of acts produced.
therefore, there is no annihilation and no permanence.


<span class=TibUni18>།སེམས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུན་ནི་གང་ཡིན་པ།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།སེམས་ལས་མངོན་པར་འབྱུང་བར་འགྱུར།</span><br>


16. gal te spong bas spang ba dang/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ལས་འབྲས་བུ་སེམས་ལྟ་ཞིག།</span><br>
las 'pho ba yis 'jig 'gyur na/<br>
de la las 'jig la sogs pa'i/<br>
skyon rnams su ni thal bar 'gyur/<br>


16. If it perished through being let go of by letting go and the transcendence of the action, then faults would follow such as the perishing of actions.
<span class=TibUni18>།མེད་ན་དེ་ཡང་འབྱུང་མི་འགྱུར།།</span><br>


9. /[[sems kyi]] [[rgyun]] [[ni]] [[gang yin pa]]/<br>
/[[sems las]] [[mngon pa]] [['byung ba]] [['gyur]]/<br>
/[[de las]] [['bras bu]] [[sems]] [[lta zhig]]/<br>
/[[med na]] [[de yang]] [['byung]] [[mi 'gyur]]//


9. The continuum of mind clearly emerges from mind, and from that fruits. If there were no mind, they too


17. khams mtshungs las ni cha mtshungs dang/<br>
would not emerge.
cha mi mtshungs pa thams cad kyi/<br>
de ni nyid mtshams sbyor ba'i tshe/<br>
gcig pu kho nar skye bar 'gyur/<br>


17. The very [irrevocability] of all actions in similar or dissimilar realms, that one alone is born when crossing the boundary [i.e. reborn].
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་ཕྱིར་སེམས་ལས་རྒྱུན་དང་ནི།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།རྒྱུན་ལས་འབྲས་བུ་འབྱུང་འགྱུར་ཞིང།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།ལས་ནི་འབྲས་བུའི་སྔོན་འགྲོ་བ།</span><br>


18. mthong ba'i chos la rnam gnyis so/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཕྱིར་ཆད་མིན་རྟག་མ་ཡིན།།</span><br>
thams cad* las dang las kyi de/<br>
tha dad par ni skye 'gyur zhing/<br>
rnam par smin kyang gnas pa yin/<br>


['''Ts.''' *kun kyi]
10. /[[gang phyir]] [[sems las]] [[rgyun]] [[dang]] [[ni]]/<br>
/[[rgyun las]] [['bras bu 'byung]] [['gyur zhing]]/<br>
/[[las]] [[ni]] [['bras bu]]'i [[sngon 'gro ba]]/<br>
/[[de phyir]] [[chad]] [[min]] [[rtag ma]] [[yin]]//


18. In the visible world there are two kinds. Actions of all [types] and that [irrevocability] of actions are produced as different things and remain [so?] even on ripening.
10. Because continuums are from minds and fruits emerge from continuums and actions precede fruits,


therefore, there is no annihilation and no permanence.


<span class=TibUni18>།དཀར་པོའི་ལས་ཀྱི་ལམ་བཅུ་པོ།</span><br>


19. de ni 'bras bu 'pho ba dang/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།ཆོས་སྒྲུབ་པ་ཡི་ཐབས་ཡིན་ཏེ།</span><br>
shi bar gyur na 'gag par 'gyur/<br>
de yi rnam dbye zag med dang/<br>
zag dang bcas par shes par bya/<br>


19. When the fruit is transcendent and when one dies, that ceases. One should know its divisions to be without-corruption and with-corruption.
<span class=TibUni18>།ཆོས་ཀྱི་འབྲས་བུ་འདི་གཞན་དུ།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།འདོད་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་རྣམ་ལྔ་པོ།།</span><br>


11. /[[dkar po'i las]] [[kyi]] [[lam bcu]] [[po]]/<br>
/[[chos sgrub]] [[pa]] [[yi]] [[thabs]] [[yin]] [[te]]/<br>
/[[chos kyi]] [['bras bu]] [['di]] [[gzhan du]]/<br>
/[['dod pa'i yon tan]] [[rnam lnga]] [[po]]//


20. stong pa nyid dang chad med dang/<br>
11. The ten paths of white action are the means of practising Dharma. Here and elsewhere, the fruits of
'khor ba dang ni rtag pa min/<br>
las rnams chud mi za ba'i chos/<br>
sangs rgyas kyis ni bstan pa yin/<br>


20. Emptiness is not annihilation and samsara is not permanent. The dharma of the irrevocability of actions is taught by the Buddha.
Dharma are the five kinds of sensual qualities.


<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་བརྟག་པ་དེར་གྱུར་ན།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།ཉེས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་མང་པོར་འགྱུར།</span><br>


21. gang phyir las ni skye ba med/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ལྟ་བས་ན་བརྟག་པ་དེ།</span><br>
'di ltar rang bzhin med de'i phyir/<br>
gang phyir de ni ma skyes pa/<br>
de phyir chud zad mi 'gyur ro/<br>


21. Because actions are not born, in this way they have no nature. Therefore, because they are not born, therefore they are irrevocable.
<span class=TibUni18>།འདིར་ནི་འཐད་པ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།།</span><br>


12. /[[gal te]] [[brtag pa]] [[der]] [[gyur na]]/<br>
/[[nyes pa]] [[chen po]] [[mang por]] [['gyur]]/<br>
/[[de lta bas na]] [[brtag pa]] [[de]]/<br>
/[['dir ni]] [['thad pa]] [[ma yin no]]//


12. If it were as that investigation, many great mistakes would occur. Therefore, that investigation is not valid


22. gal te las la rang bzhin yod/<br>
here.
rtag par 'gyur par the tshom med/<br>
las ni byas pa ma yin 'gyur/<br>
rtag la bya ba med phyir ro/<br>


22. If actions existed [by] nature, without doubt they would be permanent. Actions would not be done [by an agent] because what is permanent cannot be done.
<span class=TibUni18>།སངས་རྒྱས་རྣམས་དང་རང་རྒྱལ་དང།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།ཉན་ཐོས་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་གང་གསུངས་པའི།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།བརྟག་པ་གང་ཞིག་འདིར་འཐད་པ།</span><br>


23. ci ste las ni ma byas na/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་རབ་ཏུ་བརྗོད་པར་བྱ།།</span><br>
ma byas pa dang phrad 'jigs 'gyur/<br>
tshangs spyod gnas pa ma yin pa'ang/<br>
de la skyon du thal bar 'gyur/<br>


23. If actions were not done [by anyone], one would fear meeting what [one] has not done. Also the fault would follow for that [person] of not dwelling in the pure life.
13. /[[sangs rgyas rnams]] [[dang]] [[rang rgyal]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[[nyan thos]] [[rnams]] [[kyis]] [[gang gsungs pa]]'i/<br>
/[[brtag pa]] [[gang zhig]] [['dir]] [['thad pa]]/<br>
/[[de ni]] [[rab tu brjod]] [[par]] [[bya]]//


13. I will fully declare the investigation which is taught by the [[Buddhas]], [[Pratyekabuddhas]] and


[[Sravakas]], which is valid here.


24. tha snyad thams cad nyid dang yang/<br>
[The explicit denunciation of v. 12 and the strident certainty of v. 13 are an uncharacteristically heavy-handed
'gal bar 'gyur bar the tshom med/<br>
bsod nams dang ni sdig byed pa'i/<br>
rnam par dbye ba'ang 'thad mi 'gyur/<br>


24. All conventions also without doubt would be contradictory. Also the distinction between doing good and evil would not be valid.
and wordy way of telling us that the "right" view is about to be given. Yet the text presents all voices with


sympathy, suggesting a developmental account of ethics in Buddhism rather than a "we're right - you're


wrong" version.]


25. de ni rnam smin smin gyur pa/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།དཔང་རྒྱ་ཇི་ལྟར་དེ་བཞིན་ཆུད།</span><br>
yang dang yang du rnam smin 'gyur/<br>
gal te rang bzhin yod na ni/<br>
gang phyir las gnas de yi phyir/<br>


25. [When] the ripening of that [action] has ripened it would ripen again and again, because if it existed [by] nature, it would [always] remain.
<span class=TibUni18>།མི་ཟ་ལས་ནི་བུ་ལོན་བཞིན།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་ཁམས་ལས་རྣམ་པ་བཞི།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཡང་རང་བཞིན་ལུང་མ་བསྟན།།</span><br>


26. las 'di nyon mongs bdag nyid la/<br>
14. /[[dpang rgya]] [[ji ltar de]] [[bzhin]] [[chud]]/<br>
nyon mongs de dag yang dag min/<br>
/[[mi]] [[za]] [[las]] [[ni]] [[bu lon]] [[bzhin]]/<br>
gal te nyon mongs yang dag min/<br>
/[[de ni]] [[khams]] [[las]] [[rnam pa bzhi]]/<br>
las ni yang dag ci ltar yin/<br>
/[[de yang]] [[rang bzhin]] [[lung ma bstan]]//


26. This action has the character of affliction and afflictions are not real. If affliction is not real, how can action be real?
14. Just like a contract, irrevocable action is like a debt. In terms of realms, there are four types. Moreover, its


nature is unspecified.


[nb. "nature" = Skt. prakrti (also 'prakriti') (def.: making or placing before or at first, the original or natural


27. las dang nyon mongs pa dag ni/<br>
form or condition of anything , original or primary substance) and is equivalent to the Tib. [[rang bzhin]]. ]
lus rnams kyi ni rkyen du bstan/<br>
gal te las dang nyon mongs pa/<br>
de stong lus la ci ltar brjod/<br>


27. Actions and afflictions are taught to be the conditions for bodies. If actions and afflictions are empty, how can one speak of bodies?
<span class=TibUni18>།སྤོང་བས་སྤང་བ་མ་ཡིན་ཏེ།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།སྒོམ་པས་སྤང་བ་ཉིད་ཀྱང་ཡིན།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཕྱིར་ཆུད་མི་ཟ་བ་ཡིས།</span><br>


28. ma rig bsgrib pa'i skye bo gang/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།ལས་ཀྱི་འབྲས་བུ་སྐྱེད་པར་འགྱུར།།</span><br>  
sred ldan de ni za ba po/<br>
de yang byed las gzhan min zhing/<br>
de nyid de yang ma yin no/<br>


28. People who are obscured by ignorance, those with craving, are the consumers [of the fruits of action]. They are not other than those who do the action and they are also not those very ones.
15. /[[spong ba]]s [[spang ba]] [[ma yin te]]/<br>
/[[sgom pa]]s [[spang ba]] [[nyid]] [[kyang]] [[yin]]/<br>
/[[de phyir]] [[chud mi za ba]] [[yis]]/<br>
/[[las kyi 'bras bu]] [[skyed pa]]r [['gyur]]//


15. It is not let go of by letting go, but only let go of by cultivation. Therefore through irrevocability are the


fruits of acts produced.


29. gang gi phyir na las 'di ni/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་སྤོང་བས་སྤང་བ་དང།</span><br>
rkyen las byung ba ma yin zhing/<br>
rkyen min las byung yod min pa/<br>
de phyir byed pa po yang med/<br>


29. Because the action does not emerge from conditions and does not emerge from non-conditions, therefore, the agent too does not exist.
<span class=TibUni18>།ལས་འཕོ་བ་ཡིས་འཇིག་འགྱུར་ན།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ལ་ལས་འཇིག་ལ་སོགས་པའི།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།སྐྱོན་རྣམས་སུ་ནི་ཐལ་བར་འགྱུར།།</span><br>


30. gal te las dang byed med na/<br>
16. /[[gal te]] [[spong ba]]s [[spang ba]] [[dang]]/<br>
las skyes 'bras bu ga la yod/<br>
/[[las]] [['pho ba]] [[yis]] [['jig]] [['gyur]] [[na]]/<br>
ci ste 'bras bu yod min na/<br>
/[[de la]] [[las]] [['jig]] [[la sogs pa]]'i/<br>
za ba po lta ga la yod/<br>
/[[skyon]] [[rnams]] [[su]] [[ni]] [[thal bar 'gyur]]//


30. If neither the action nor the agent exists, where can there be a fruit of the action? If the fruit does not exist, where can the consumer exist?
16. If it perished through being let go of by letting go and the transcendence of the action, then faults would


follow such as the perishing of actions.


<span class=TibUni18>།ཁམས་མཚུངས་ལས་ནི་ཆ་མཚུངས་དང།</span><br>


31. ci ltar ston pas sprul ba ni/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།ཆ་མི་མཚུངས་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི།</span><br>
rdzu 'phrul phun tshogs kyis sprul zhing/<br>
sprul pa de yang sprul pa na/<br>
slar yang gzhan ni sprul pa ltar/<br>


31. Just as a teacher creates a creation by a wealth of magical powers, and just as if that creation too created, again another would be created,
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་ཉིད་མཚམས་སྦྱོར་བའི་ཚེ།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།གཅིག་པུ་ཁོ་ནར་སྐྱེ་བར་འགྱུར།།</span><br>


17. /[[khams]] [[mtshungs]] [[las]] [[ni]] [[cha mtshungs]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[[cha]] [[mi mtshungs pa]] [[thams cad]] [[kyi]]/<br>
/[[de ni]] [[nyid]] [[mtshams sbyor ba]]'i [[tshe]]/<br>
/[[gcig pu]] [[kho nar]] [[skye bar 'gyur]]//


32. de bzhin byed po das las gang/<br>
17. The very [irrevocability] of all actions in similar or dissimilar realms, that one alone is born when crossing
byas pa'ang sprul pa'i rnam pa bzhin/<br>
dper na sprul pas sprul gzhan zhig/<br>
sprul pa mdzad pa de bzhin no/<br>


32. Like this, whatever action too done by that agent [is ]also like the aspect of a creation. It is just like, for example, a creation creating another creation.
the boundary [i.e. reborn].


<span class=TibUni18>།མཐོང་བའི་ཆོས་ལ་རྣམ་གཉིས་སོ།</span><br>


<span class=TibUni18>།ཐམས་ཅད༌་ལས་དང་ལས་ཀྱི་དེ།</span><br>


33. nyon mongs las dang lus rnams dang/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།ཐ་དད་པར་ནི་སྐྱེ་འགྱུར་ཞིང།</span><br>
byed pa po dang 'bras bu dag/<br>
 
dri za'i grong khyer lta bu dang/<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།རྣམ་པར་སྨིན་ཀྱང་གནས་པ་ཡིན།།</span><br>
smig rgyu rmi lam 'dra ba yin/<br>
 
18. /[[mthong ba'i chos]] [[la]] [[rnam gnyis]] [[so]]/<br>
/[[thams cad la]]*s [[dang la]]s [[kyi]] [[de]]/<br>
/[[tha dad par]] [[ni]] [[skye 'gyur]] [[zhing]]/<br>
/[[rnam pa]] [[smin]] [[kyang]] [[gnas pa yin]]//
 
['''Ts.''' *[[kun]] [[kyi]] ]
 
18. In the visible world there are two kinds. Actions of all [types] and that [irrevocability] of actions are
 
produced as different things and remain [so?] even on ripening.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་འབྲས་བུ་འཕོ་བ་དང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཤི་བར་གྱུར་ན་འགག་པར་འགྱུར།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཡི་རྣམ་དབྱེ་ཟག་མེད་དང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཟག་དང་བཅས་པར་ཤེས་པར་བྱ།།</span><br>
 
19. /[[de ni]] [['bras bu]] [['pho ba]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[[shi bar gyur]] [[na]] [['gag pa]]r [['gyur]]/<br>
/[[de]] [[yi]] [[rnam dbye]] [[zag med]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[[zag]] [[dang]] [[bcas pa]] [[shes par bya]]//
 
19. When the fruit is transcendent and when one dies, that ceases. One should know its divisions to be
 
without-corruption and with-corruption.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་དང་ཆད་མེད་དང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།འཁོར་བ་དང་ནི་རྟག་པ་མིན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ལས་རྣམས་ཆུད་མི་ཟ་བའི་ཆོས།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ནི་བསྟན་པ་ཡིན།།</span><br>
 
20. /[[stong pa nyid]] [[dang]] [[chad med]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[['khor ba]] [[dang]] [[ni]] [[rtag pa]] [[min]]/<br>
/[[las]][[ rnams]] [[chud mi za ba]]'i [[chos]]/<br>
/[[sangs rgyas kyi]]s [[ni]] [[bstan pa]] [[yin]]//
 
20. [[Emptiness]] is not annihilation and [[samsara]] is not permanent. The [[dharma]] of the irrevocability of
 
actions is taught by the [[Buddha]].
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་ཕྱིར་ལས་ནི་སྐྱེ་བ་མེད།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།འདི་ལྟར་རང་བཞིན་མེད་དེའི་ཕྱིར།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་ཕྱིར་དེ་ནི་མ་སྐྱེས་པ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཕྱིར་ཆུད་ཟད་མི་འགྱུར་རོ།།</span><br>
 
21. /[[gang phyir]] [[las]] [[ni]] [[skye ba med]]/<br>
/[['di ltar]] [[rang bzhin med]] [[de'i phyir]]/<br>
/[[gang phyir]] [[de ni]] [[ma skyes pa]]/<br>
/[[de phyir]] [[chud]] [[zad]] [[mi 'gyur ro]]//
 
21. Because actions are not born, in this way they have no nature. Therefore, because they are not born,
 
therefore they are irrevocable.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་ལས་ལ་རང་བཞིན་ཡོད།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རྟག་པར་འགྱུར་པར་ཐེ་ཚོམ་མེད།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ལས་ནི་བྱས་པ་མ་ཡིན་འགྱུར།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རྟག་ལ་བྱ་བ་མེད་ཕྱིར་རོ།།</span><br>
 
22. /[[gal te]] [[las]] [[la]] [[rang bzhin]] [[yod]]/<br>
/[[rtag par]] [['gyur]] [[par]] [[the tshom med]]/<br>
/[[las]] [[ni]] [[byas pa]] [[ma yin]] [['gyur]]/<br>
/[[rtag]] [[la]] [[bya ba]] [[med]] [[phyir]] [[ro]]//
 
22. If actions existed [by] nature, without doubt they would be permanent. Actions would not be done [by an
 
agent] because what is permanent cannot be done.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཅི་སྟེ་ལས་ནི་མ་བྱས་ན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།མ་བྱས་པ་དང་ཕྲད་འཇིགས་འགྱུར།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཚངས་སྤྱོད་གནས་པ་མ་ཡིན་པའང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ལ་སྐྱོན་དུ་ཐལ་བར་འགྱུར།།</span><br>
 
23. /[[ci ste]] [[las]] [[ni]] [[ma byas]] [[na]]/<br>
/[[ma byas pa]] [[dang]] [[phrad]] [['jigs]] [['gyur]]/<br>
/[[tshangs spyod]] [[gnas pa]] [[ma yin pa]][['ang]]/<br>
/[[de la]] [[skyon]] [[du thal]] [[bar]] [['gyur]]//
 
23. If actions were not done [by anyone], one would fear meeting what [one] has not done. Also the fault would
 
follow for that [person] of not dwelling in the pure life.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཐ་སྙད་ཐམས་ཅད་ཉིད་དང་ཡང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།འགལ་བར་འགྱུར་བར་ཐེ་ཚོམ་མེད།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།བསོད་ནམས་དང་ནི་སྡིག་བྱེད་པའི།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རྣམ་པར་དབྱེ་བའང་འཐད་མི་འགྱུར།།</span><br>
 
24. /[[tha snyad]] [[thams cad nyid]] [[dang]] [[yang]]/<br>
/[['gal ba]]r [['gyur ba]]r [[the tshom med]]/<br>
/[[bsod nams]] [[dang]] [[ni]] [[sdig byed]] [[pa]]'i/<br>
/[[rnam par dbye ba]][['ang]] [['thad]] [[mi 'gyur]]//
 
24. All conventions also without doubt would be contradictory. Also the distinction between doing good and evil
 
would not be valid.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ནི་རྣམ་སྨིན་སྨིན་གྱུར་པ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཡང་དང་ཡང་དུ་རྣམ་སྨིན་འགྱུར།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་རང་བཞིན་ཡོད་ན་ནི།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་ཕྱིར་ལས་གནས་དེ་ཡི་ཕྱིར།།</span><br>
 
25. /[[de ni]] [[rnam smin]] [[smin]] [[gyur pa]]/<br>
/[[yang dang yang du]] [[rnam smin]] [['gyur]]/<br>
/[[gal te]] [[rang bzhin]] [[yod na]] [[ni]]/<br>
/[[gang phyir]] [[las gnas]] [[de]] [[yi]] [[phyir]]//
 
25. [When] the ripening of that [action] has ripened it would ripen again and again, because if it existed [by]
 
nature, it would [always] remain.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ལས་འདི་ཉོན་མོངས་བདག་ཉིད་ལ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཉོན་མོངས་དེ་དག་ཡང་དག་མིན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་ཉོན་མོངས་ཡང་དག་མིན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ལས་ནི་ཡང་དག་ཅི་ལྟར་ཡིན།།</span><br>
 
26. /[[las]] [['di]] [[nyon mongs]] [[bdag nyid]] [[la]]/<br>
/[[nyon mongs]] [[de dag]] [[yang dag min]]/<br>
/[[gal te]] [[nyon mongs]] [[yang dag min]]/<br>
/[[las]] [[ni]] [[yang dag]] [[ci ltar]] [[yin]]//
 
26. This action has the character of affliction and afflictions are not real. If affliction is not real, how can
 
action be real?
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ལས་དང་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་དག་ནི།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ལུས་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ནི་རྐྱེན་དུ་བསྟན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་ལས་དང་ཉོན་མོངས་པ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་སྟོང་ལུས་ལ་ཅི་ལྟར་བརྗོད།།</span><br>
 
27. /[[las dang nyon mongs pa]] [[dag]] [[ni]]/<br>
/[[lus]] [[rnams]] [[kyi]] [[ni]] [[rkyen]] [[du]] [[bstan]]/<br>
/[[gal te]] [[las dang nyon mongs pa]]/<br>
/[[de]] [[stong]] [[lus]] [[la]] [[ci ltar]] [[brjod]]//
 
27. Actions and afflictions are taught to be the conditions for bodies. If actions and afflictions are empty, how
 
can one speak of bodies?
 
<span class=TibUni18>།མ་རིག་བསྒྲིབ་པའི་སྐྱེ་བོ་གང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།སྲེད་ལྡན་དེ་ནི་ཟ་བ་པོ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཡང་བྱེད་ལས་གཞན་མིན་ཞིང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཉིད་དེ་ཡང་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།།</span><br>
 
28. /[[ma rig]] [[bsgrib pa]]'i [[skye bo]] [[gang]]/<br>
/[[sred ldan]] [[de ni]] [[za ba po]]/<br>
/[[de yang]] [[byed las]] [[gzhan min]] [[zhing]]/<br>
/[[de nyid]] [[de yang]] [[ma yin no]]//
 
28. People who are obscured by ignorance, those with craving, are the consumers [of the fruits of action]. They
 
are not other than those who do the action and they are also not those very ones.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གང་གི་ཕྱིར་ན་ལས་འདི་ནི།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རྐྱེན་ལས་བྱུང་བ་མ་ཡིན་ཞིང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རྐྱེན་མིན་ལས་བྱུང་ཡོད་མིན་པ།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་ཕྱིར་བྱེད་པ་པོ་ཡང་མེད།།</span><br>
 
29. /[[gang gi phyir]] [[na]] [[las]] [['di ni]]/<br>
/[[rkyen las byung ba]] [[ma yin]] [[zhing]]/<br>
/[[rkyen]] [[min]] [[las byung]] [[yod min]] [[pa]]/<br>
/[[de phyir]] [[byed pa po]] [[yang med]]//
 
29. Because the action does not emerge from conditions and does not emerge from non-conditions, therefore,
 
the agent too does not exist.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།གལ་ཏེ་ལས་དང་བྱེད་མེད་ན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ལས་སྐྱེས་འབྲས་བུ་ག་ལ་ཡོད།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཅི་སྟེ་འབྲས་བུ་ཡོད་མིན་ན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཟ་བ་པོ་ལྟ་ག་ལ་ཡོད།།</span><br>
 
30. /[[gal te]] [[las]] [[dang]] [[byed med]] [[na]]/<br>
/[[las]] [[skyes]] [['bras bu]] [[ga la yod]]/<br>
/[[ci ste]] [['bras bu]] [[yod min]] [[na]]/<br>
/[[za ba po]] [[lta]] [[ga la]] [[yod]]//
 
30. If neither the action nor the agent exists, where can there be a fruit of the action? If the fruit does not
 
exist, where can the consumer exist?
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཅི་ལྟར་སྟོན་པས་སྤྲུལ་བ་ནི།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་སྤྲུལ་ཞིང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།སྤྲུལ་པ་དེ་ཡང་སྤྲུལ་པ་ན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།སླར་ཡང་གཞན་ནི་སྤྲུལ་པ་ལྟར།།</span><br>
 
31. /[[ci ltar]] [[ston pa]]s [[sprul ba]] [[ni]]/<br>
/[[rdzu 'phrul]] [[phun tshogs]] [[kyis]] [[sprul]] [[zhing]]/<br>
/[[sprul pa]] [[de yang]] [[sprul pa]] [[na]]/<br>
/[[slar yang]] [[gzhan]] [[ni]] [[sprul pa]] [[ltar]]//
 
31. Just as a teacher creates a creation by a wealth of magical powers, and just as if that creation too created,
 
again another would be created,
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དེ་བཞིན་བྱེད་པོ་དས་ལས་གང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།བྱས་པའང་སྤྲུལ་པའི་རྣམ་པ་བཞིན།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དཔེར་ན་སྤྲུལ་པས་སྤྲུལ་གཞན་ཞིག།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།སྤྲུལ་པ་མཛད་པ་དེ་བཞིན་ནོ།།</span><br>
 
32. /[[de bzhin]] [[byed po]] [[da]]s [[las]] [[gang]]/<br>
/[[byas pa]][['ang]] [[sprul pa'i]] [[rnam pa]] [[bzhin]]/<br>
/[[dper na]] [[sprul pa]]s [[sprul]] [[gzhan zhig]]/<br>
/[[sprul pa]] [[mdzad pa]] [[de bzhin no]]//
 
32. Like this, whatever action too done by that agent [is] also like the aspect of a creation. It is just like, for
 
example, a creation creating another creation.
 
<span class=TibUni18>།ཉོན་མོངས་ལས་དང་ལུས་རྣམས་དང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།བྱེད་པ་པོ་དང་འབྲས་བུ་དག།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།དྲི་ཟའི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་ལྟ་བུ་དང།</span><br>
 
<span class=TibUni18>།སྨིག་རྒྱུ་རྨི་ལམ་འདྲ་བ་ཡིན།།</span><br>
 
33. /[[nyon mongs]] [[las]] [[dang]] [[lus]] [[rnams]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[[byed pa po]] [[dang]] [['bras bu]] [[dag]]/<br>
/[[dri za'i grong khyer]] [[lta bu]] [[dang]]/<br>
/[[smig rgyu]] [[rmi lam 'dra ba]] [[yin]]//


33. Afflictions, actions and bodies and agents and fruits are like a city of gandharvas, a mirage, a dream.
33. Afflictions, actions and bodies and agents and fruits are like a city of gandharvas, a mirage, a dream.


las brtag pa zhes bya ba ste rab tu byed pa bcu bdun pa'o //<br>
<span class=TibUni18>།ལས་བརྟག་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་སྟེ་རབ་ཏུ་བྱེད་པ་བཅུ་བདུན་པའོ།།</span><br>
 
/[[las]] [[brtag pa]] [[zhes bya ba]] [[ste]] [[rab tu byed pa]] [[bcu bdun pa]][['o]]//

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Chapter 17. Investigation of Actions and Fruits

(Acts)

།བདག་ཉིད་ལེགས་པར་སྡོམ་པ་དང།

།གཞན་ལ་ཕན་འདོགས་བྱམས་སེམས་གང།

།དེ་ཆོས་དེ་ནི་འདི་གཞན་དུ།

།འབྲས་བུ་དག་གི་ས་བོན་ཡིན།།

1. /bdag nyid legs par sdom pa dang/
/gzhan la phan 'dogs byams sems gang/
/de chos de ni 'di gzhan du/
/'bras bu dag gi sa bon yin//

1. Restraining oneself well and loving thoughts that benefit others are the Dharma which is the seed of fruits

here and elsewhere.

།དྲང་སྲོང་མཆོག་གི་ལས་རྣམས་ནི།

།སེམས་པ་དང་ནི་བསམས་པར་གསུངས།

།ལས་དེ་དག་གི་བྱེ་བྲག་ནི།

།རྣམ་པ་དུ་མར་ཡོངས་སུ་བསྒྲགས

2. /drang srong mchog gi las rnams ni/
/sems pa dang ni bsams par gsungs/
/las de dag gi bye brag ni/
/rnam pa du ma yongs su bsgrags//

2. The great sage has taught all actions to be intention and what is intended. The specifics of those actions

are well known to be of many kinds.

།དེ་ལ་ལས་གང་སེམས་པ་ཞེས།

།གསུངས་པ་དེ་ནི་ཡིད་གྱིར་འདོད།

།བསམས་པ་ཞེས་ནི་གང་གསུངས་པ།

།དེ་ནི་ལུས་དང་ངག་གིར་འདོད

3. /de la las gang sems pa zhes/
/gsungs pa de ni yid gyir 'dod/
/bsams pa zhes ni gang gsungs pa/
/de ni lus dang ngag gir 'dod//

3. In this respect action spoken of as "intention" is regarded as being that of mind. That spoken of as "what is

intended" is regarded as being that of body and speech.

།ངག་དང་བསྐྱོད་དང་མི་སྤོང་བའི།

།རྣམ་རིག་བྱེད་མིན་ཞེས་བྱ་གང།

།སྤོང་བའི་རྣམ་རིག་བྱེད་མིན་པ།

།གཞན་དག་ཀྱང་ནི་དེ་བཞིན་འདོད

4. /ngag dang bskyod dang mi spong ba'i/
/rnam rig byed min zhes bya gang/
/spong ba'i rnam rig byed min pa/
/gzhan dag kyang ni de bzhin 'dod//

4. Whatever (1) speech and (2) movements and (3) "unconscious not-letting-go," (4) other kinds of unconscious

letting-go are also regarded like that.

།ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ལས་བྱུང་བསོད་ནམས་དང།

།བསོད་ནམས་མ་ཡིན་ཚུལ་དེ་བཞིན།

།སེམས་པ་དང་ནི་ཆོས་དེ་བདུན།

།ལས་སུ་མངོན་པར་འདོད་པ་ཡིན།།

5. /longs spyod las byung bsod nams dang/
/bsod nams ma yin tshul de bzhin/
/sems pa dang ni chos de bdun/
/las su mngon par 'dod pa yin//

5. (5) Goodness that arises from enjoyment / use and in the same manner (6) what is not goodness, [and] (7)

intention. These seven dharmas are clearly regarded as action.

[This seven-fold division of acts is not traceable to any school of which I am aware. The simpler division into

restraint and love found in v. 1 serves a similar purpose to vs. 4 & 5 and has the added advantage of leading

into v. 6 through its mention of "fruits".]

།གལ་ཏེ་སྨིན་པའི་དུས་བར་དུ།

།གནས་ན་ལས་དེ་རྟག་པར་འགྱུར།

།གལ་ཏེ་འགགས་ན་འགག་གྱུར་པས།

།ཅི་ལྟར་འབྲས་བུ་སྐྱེད་པར་འགྱུར།།

6. /gal te smin pa'i dus bar du/
/gnas na las de rtag par 'gyur/
/gal te 'gags na 'gag gyur pas/
/ci ltar 'bras bu skyed par 'gyur//

6. If the action remained until the time of ripening, it would become permanent. If it stopped, by having

stopped, how could a fruit be born?

།མྱུ་གུ་ལ་སོགས་རྒྱུན་གང་ནི།

།ས་བོན་ལས་ནི་མངོན་པར་འབྱུང།

།དེ་ལས་འབྲས་བུ་ས་བོན་ནི།

།མེད་ན་དེ་ཡང་འབྱུང་མི་འགྱུར།།

7. /myu gu la sogs rgyun gang ni/
/sa bon las ni mngon pa 'byung/
/de las 'bras bu sa bon ni/
/med na de yang 'byung mi 'gyur//

7. The continuum of sprouts and so on clearly emerges from seeds, and from that fruits. If there were no

seeds, they too would not emerge.

།གང་ཕྱིར་ས་བོན་ལས་རྒྱུན་དང།

།རྒྱུན་ལས་འབྲས་བུ་འབྱུང་འགྱུར་ཞིང།

།ས་བོན་འབྲས་བུའི་སྔོན་འགྲོ་བ།

།དེ་ཕྱིར་ཆད་མིན་རྟག་མ་ཡིན།།

8. /gang phyir sa bon las rgyun dang/
/rgyun las 'bras bu 'byung 'gyur zhing/
/sa bon 'bras bu'i sngon 'gro ba/
/de phyir chad min rtag ma yin//

8. Because continuums are from seeds and fruits emerge from continuums and seeds precede fruits,

therefore, there is no annihilation and no permanence.

།སེམས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུན་ནི་གང་ཡིན་པ།

།སེམས་ལས་མངོན་པར་འབྱུང་བར་འགྱུར།

།དེ་ལས་འབྲས་བུ་སེམས་ལྟ་ཞིག།

།མེད་ན་དེ་ཡང་འབྱུང་མི་འགྱུར།།

9. /sems kyi rgyun ni gang yin pa/
/sems las mngon pa 'byung ba 'gyur/
/de las 'bras bu sems lta zhig/
/med na de yang 'byung mi 'gyur//

9. The continuum of mind clearly emerges from mind, and from that fruits. If there were no mind, they too

would not emerge.

།གང་ཕྱིར་སེམས་ལས་རྒྱུན་དང་ནི།

།རྒྱུན་ལས་འབྲས་བུ་འབྱུང་འགྱུར་ཞིང།

།ལས་ནི་འབྲས་བུའི་སྔོན་འགྲོ་བ།

།དེ་ཕྱིར་ཆད་མིན་རྟག་མ་ཡིན།།

10. /gang phyir sems las rgyun dang ni/
/rgyun las 'bras bu 'byung 'gyur zhing/
/las ni 'bras bu'i sngon 'gro ba/
/de phyir chad min rtag ma yin//

10. Because continuums are from minds and fruits emerge from continuums and actions precede fruits,

therefore, there is no annihilation and no permanence.

།དཀར་པོའི་ལས་ཀྱི་ལམ་བཅུ་པོ།

།ཆོས་སྒྲུབ་པ་ཡི་ཐབས་ཡིན་ཏེ།

།ཆོས་ཀྱི་འབྲས་བུ་འདི་གཞན་དུ།

།འདོད་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་རྣམ་ལྔ་པོ།།

11. /dkar po'i las kyi lam bcu po/
/chos sgrub pa yi thabs yin te/
/chos kyi 'bras bu 'di gzhan du/
/'dod pa'i yon tan rnam lnga po//

11. The ten paths of white action are the means of practising Dharma. Here and elsewhere, the fruits of

Dharma are the five kinds of sensual qualities.

།གལ་ཏེ་བརྟག་པ་དེར་གྱུར་ན།

།ཉེས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་མང་པོར་འགྱུར།

།དེ་ལྟ་བས་ན་བརྟག་པ་དེ།

།འདིར་ནི་འཐད་པ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།།

12. /gal te brtag pa der gyur na/
/nyes pa chen po mang por 'gyur/
/de lta bas na brtag pa de/
/'dir ni 'thad pa ma yin no//

12. If it were as that investigation, many great mistakes would occur. Therefore, that investigation is not valid

here.

།སངས་རྒྱས་རྣམས་དང་རང་རྒྱལ་དང།

།ཉན་ཐོས་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་གང་གསུངས་པའི།

།བརྟག་པ་གང་ཞིག་འདིར་འཐད་པ།

།དེ་ནི་རབ་ཏུ་བརྗོད་པར་བྱ།།

13. /sangs rgyas rnams dang rang rgyal dang/
/nyan thos rnams kyis gang gsungs pa'i/
/brtag pa gang zhig 'dir 'thad pa/
/de ni rab tu brjod par bya//

13. I will fully declare the investigation which is taught by the Buddhas, Pratyekabuddhas and

Sravakas, which is valid here.

[The explicit denunciation of v. 12 and the strident certainty of v. 13 are an uncharacteristically heavy-handed

and wordy way of telling us that the "right" view is about to be given. Yet the text presents all voices with

sympathy, suggesting a developmental account of ethics in Buddhism rather than a "we're right - you're

wrong" version.]

།དཔང་རྒྱ་ཇི་ལྟར་དེ་བཞིན་ཆུད།

།མི་ཟ་ལས་ནི་བུ་ལོན་བཞིན།

།དེ་ནི་ཁམས་ལས་རྣམ་པ་བཞི།

།དེ་ཡང་རང་བཞིན་ལུང་མ་བསྟན།།

14. /dpang rgya ji ltar de bzhin chud/
/mi za las ni bu lon bzhin/
/de ni khams las rnam pa bzhi/
/de yang rang bzhin lung ma bstan//

14. Just like a contract, irrevocable action is like a debt. In terms of realms, there are four types. Moreover, its

nature is unspecified.

[nb. "nature" = Skt. prakrti (also 'prakriti') (def.: making or placing before or at first, the original or natural

form or condition of anything , original or primary substance) and is equivalent to the Tib. rang bzhin. ]

།སྤོང་བས་སྤང་བ་མ་ཡིན་ཏེ།

།སྒོམ་པས་སྤང་བ་ཉིད་ཀྱང་ཡིན།

།དེ་ཕྱིར་ཆུད་མི་ཟ་བ་ཡིས།

།ལས་ཀྱི་འབྲས་བུ་སྐྱེད་པར་འགྱུར།།

15. /spong bas spang ba ma yin te/
/sgom pas spang ba nyid kyang yin/
/de phyir chud mi za ba yis/
/las kyi 'bras bu skyed par 'gyur//

15. It is not let go of by letting go, but only let go of by cultivation. Therefore through irrevocability are the

fruits of acts produced.

།གལ་ཏེ་སྤོང་བས་སྤང་བ་དང།

།ལས་འཕོ་བ་ཡིས་འཇིག་འགྱུར་ན།

།དེ་ལ་ལས་འཇིག་ལ་སོགས་པའི།

།སྐྱོན་རྣམས་སུ་ནི་ཐལ་བར་འགྱུར།།

16. /gal te spong bas spang ba dang/
/las 'pho ba yis 'jig 'gyur na/
/de la las 'jig la sogs pa'i/
/skyon rnams su ni thal bar 'gyur//

16. If it perished through being let go of by letting go and the transcendence of the action, then faults would

follow such as the perishing of actions.

།ཁམས་མཚུངས་ལས་ནི་ཆ་མཚུངས་དང།

།ཆ་མི་མཚུངས་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི།

།དེ་ནི་ཉིད་མཚམས་སྦྱོར་བའི་ཚེ།

།གཅིག་པུ་ཁོ་ནར་སྐྱེ་བར་འགྱུར།།

17. /khams mtshungs las ni cha mtshungs dang/
/cha mi mtshungs pa thams cad kyi/
/de ni nyid mtshams sbyor ba'i tshe/
/gcig pu kho nar skye bar 'gyur//

17. The very [irrevocability] of all actions in similar or dissimilar realms, that one alone is born when crossing

the boundary [i.e. reborn].

།མཐོང་བའི་ཆོས་ལ་རྣམ་གཉིས་སོ།

།ཐམས་ཅད༌་ལས་དང་ལས་ཀྱི་དེ།

།ཐ་དད་པར་ནི་སྐྱེ་འགྱུར་ཞིང།

།རྣམ་པར་སྨིན་ཀྱང་གནས་པ་ཡིན།།

18. /mthong ba'i chos la rnam gnyis so/
/thams cad la*s dang las kyi de/
/tha dad par ni skye 'gyur zhing/
/rnam pa smin kyang gnas pa yin//

[Ts. *kun kyi ]

18. In the visible world there are two kinds. Actions of all [types] and that [irrevocability] of actions are

produced as different things and remain [so?] even on ripening.

།དེ་ནི་འབྲས་བུ་འཕོ་བ་དང།

།ཤི་བར་གྱུར་ན་འགག་པར་འགྱུར།

།དེ་ཡི་རྣམ་དབྱེ་ཟག་མེད་དང།

།ཟག་དང་བཅས་པར་ཤེས་པར་བྱ།།

19. /de ni 'bras bu 'pho ba dang/
/shi bar gyur na 'gag par 'gyur/
/de yi rnam dbye zag med dang/
/zag dang bcas pa shes par bya//

19. When the fruit is transcendent and when one dies, that ceases. One should know its divisions to be

without-corruption and with-corruption.

།སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་དང་ཆད་མེད་དང།

།འཁོར་བ་དང་ནི་རྟག་པ་མིན།

།ལས་རྣམས་ཆུད་མི་ཟ་བའི་ཆོས།

།སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ནི་བསྟན་པ་ཡིན།།

20. /stong pa nyid dang chad med dang/
/'khor ba dang ni rtag pa min/
/lasrnams chud mi za ba'i chos/
/sangs rgyas kyis ni bstan pa yin//

20. Emptiness is not annihilation and samsara is not permanent. The dharma of the irrevocability of

actions is taught by the Buddha.

།གང་ཕྱིར་ལས་ནི་སྐྱེ་བ་མེད།

།འདི་ལྟར་རང་བཞིན་མེད་དེའི་ཕྱིར།

།གང་ཕྱིར་དེ་ནི་མ་སྐྱེས་པ།

།དེ་ཕྱིར་ཆུད་ཟད་མི་འགྱུར་རོ།།

21. /gang phyir las ni skye ba med/
/'di ltar rang bzhin med de'i phyir/
/gang phyir de ni ma skyes pa/
/de phyir chud zad mi 'gyur ro//

21. Because actions are not born, in this way they have no nature. Therefore, because they are not born,

therefore they are irrevocable.

།གལ་ཏེ་ལས་ལ་རང་བཞིན་ཡོད།

།རྟག་པར་འགྱུར་པར་ཐེ་ཚོམ་མེད།

།ལས་ནི་བྱས་པ་མ་ཡིན་འགྱུར།

།རྟག་ལ་བྱ་བ་མེད་ཕྱིར་རོ།།

22. /gal te las la rang bzhin yod/
/rtag par 'gyur par the tshom med/
/las ni byas pa ma yin 'gyur/
/rtag la bya ba med phyir ro//

22. If actions existed [by] nature, without doubt they would be permanent. Actions would not be done [by an

agent] because what is permanent cannot be done.

།ཅི་སྟེ་ལས་ནི་མ་བྱས་ན།

།མ་བྱས་པ་དང་ཕྲད་འཇིགས་འགྱུར།

།ཚངས་སྤྱོད་གནས་པ་མ་ཡིན་པའང།

།དེ་ལ་སྐྱོན་དུ་ཐལ་བར་འགྱུར།།

23. /ci ste las ni ma byas na/
/ma byas pa dang phrad 'jigs 'gyur/
/tshangs spyod gnas pa ma yin pa'ang/
/de la skyon du thal bar 'gyur//

23. If actions were not done [by anyone], one would fear meeting what [one] has not done. Also the fault would

follow for that [person] of not dwelling in the pure life.

།ཐ་སྙད་ཐམས་ཅད་ཉིད་དང་ཡང།

།འགལ་བར་འགྱུར་བར་ཐེ་ཚོམ་མེད།

།བསོད་ནམས་དང་ནི་སྡིག་བྱེད་པའི།

།རྣམ་པར་དབྱེ་བའང་འཐད་མི་འགྱུར།།

24. /tha snyad thams cad nyid dang yang/
/'gal bar 'gyur bar the tshom med/
/bsod nams dang ni sdig byed pa'i/
/rnam par dbye ba'ang 'thad mi 'gyur//

24. All conventions also without doubt would be contradictory. Also the distinction between doing good and evil

would not be valid.

།དེ་ནི་རྣམ་སྨིན་སྨིན་གྱུར་པ།

།ཡང་དང་ཡང་དུ་རྣམ་སྨིན་འགྱུར།

།གལ་ཏེ་རང་བཞིན་ཡོད་ན་ནི།

།གང་ཕྱིར་ལས་གནས་དེ་ཡི་ཕྱིར།།

25. /de ni rnam smin smin gyur pa/
/yang dang yang du rnam smin 'gyur/
/gal te rang bzhin yod na ni/
/gang phyir las gnas de yi phyir//

25. [When] the ripening of that [action] has ripened it would ripen again and again, because if it existed [by]

nature, it would [always] remain.

།ལས་འདི་ཉོན་མོངས་བདག་ཉིད་ལ།

།ཉོན་མོངས་དེ་དག་ཡང་དག་མིན།

།གལ་ཏེ་ཉོན་མོངས་ཡང་དག་མིན།

།ལས་ནི་ཡང་དག་ཅི་ལྟར་ཡིན།།

26. /las 'di nyon mongs bdag nyid la/
/nyon mongs de dag yang dag min/
/gal te nyon mongs yang dag min/
/las ni yang dag ci ltar yin//

26. This action has the character of affliction and afflictions are not real. If affliction is not real, how can

action be real?

།ལས་དང་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་དག་ནི།

།ལུས་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ནི་རྐྱེན་དུ་བསྟན།

།གལ་ཏེ་ལས་དང་ཉོན་མོངས་པ།

།དེ་སྟོང་ལུས་ལ་ཅི་ལྟར་བརྗོད།།

27. /las dang nyon mongs pa dag ni/
/lus rnams kyi ni rkyen du bstan/
/gal te las dang nyon mongs pa/
/de stong lus la ci ltar brjod//

27. Actions and afflictions are taught to be the conditions for bodies. If actions and afflictions are empty, how

can one speak of bodies?

།མ་རིག་བསྒྲིབ་པའི་སྐྱེ་བོ་གང།

།སྲེད་ལྡན་དེ་ནི་ཟ་བ་པོ།

།དེ་ཡང་བྱེད་ལས་གཞན་མིན་ཞིང།

།དེ་ཉིད་དེ་ཡང་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།།

28. /ma rig bsgrib pa'i skye bo gang/
/sred ldan de ni za ba po/
/de yang byed las gzhan min zhing/
/de nyid de yang ma yin no//

28. People who are obscured by ignorance, those with craving, are the consumers [of the fruits of action]. They

are not other than those who do the action and they are also not those very ones.

།གང་གི་ཕྱིར་ན་ལས་འདི་ནི།

།རྐྱེན་ལས་བྱུང་བ་མ་ཡིན་ཞིང།

།རྐྱེན་མིན་ལས་བྱུང་ཡོད་མིན་པ།

།དེ་ཕྱིར་བྱེད་པ་པོ་ཡང་མེད།།

29. /gang gi phyir na las 'di ni/
/rkyen las byung ba ma yin zhing/
/rkyen min las byung yod min pa/
/de phyir byed pa po yang med//

29. Because the action does not emerge from conditions and does not emerge from non-conditions, therefore,

the agent too does not exist.

།གལ་ཏེ་ལས་དང་བྱེད་མེད་ན།

།ལས་སྐྱེས་འབྲས་བུ་ག་ལ་ཡོད།

།ཅི་སྟེ་འབྲས་བུ་ཡོད་མིན་ན།

།ཟ་བ་པོ་ལྟ་ག་ལ་ཡོད།།

30. /gal te las dang byed med na/
/las skyes 'bras bu ga la yod/
/ci ste 'bras bu yod min na/
/za ba po lta ga la yod//

30. If neither the action nor the agent exists, where can there be a fruit of the action? If the fruit does not

exist, where can the consumer exist?

།ཅི་ལྟར་སྟོན་པས་སྤྲུལ་བ་ནི།

།རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་སྤྲུལ་ཞིང།

།སྤྲུལ་པ་དེ་ཡང་སྤྲུལ་པ་ན།

།སླར་ཡང་གཞན་ནི་སྤྲུལ་པ་ལྟར།།

31. /ci ltar ston pas sprul ba ni/
/rdzu 'phrul phun tshogs kyis sprul zhing/
/sprul pa de yang sprul pa na/
/slar yang gzhan ni sprul pa ltar//

31. Just as a teacher creates a creation by a wealth of magical powers, and just as if that creation too created,

again another would be created,

།དེ་བཞིན་བྱེད་པོ་དས་ལས་གང།

།བྱས་པའང་སྤྲུལ་པའི་རྣམ་པ་བཞིན།

།དཔེར་ན་སྤྲུལ་པས་སྤྲུལ་གཞན་ཞིག།

།སྤྲུལ་པ་མཛད་པ་དེ་བཞིན་ནོ།།

32. /de bzhin byed po das las gang/
/byas pa'ang sprul pa'i rnam pa bzhin/
/dper na sprul pas sprul gzhan zhig/
/sprul pa mdzad pa de bzhin no//

32. Like this, whatever action too done by that agent [is] also like the aspect of a creation. It is just like, for

example, a creation creating another creation.

།ཉོན་མོངས་ལས་དང་ལུས་རྣམས་དང།

།བྱེད་པ་པོ་དང་འབྲས་བུ་དག།

།དྲི་ཟའི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་ལྟ་བུ་དང།

།སྨིག་རྒྱུ་རྨི་ལམ་འདྲ་བ་ཡིན།།

33. /nyon mongs las dang lus rnams dang/
/byed pa po dang 'bras bu dag/
/dri za'i grong khyer lta bu dang/
/smig rgyu rmi lam 'dra ba yin//

33. Afflictions, actions and bodies and agents and fruits are like a city of gandharvas, a mirage, a dream.

།ལས་བརྟག་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་སྟེ་རབ་ཏུ་བྱེད་པ་བཅུ་བདུན་པའོ།།

/las brtag pa zhes bya ba ste rab tu byed pa bcu bdun pa'o//