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[[Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche]] ([[chos kyi nyi ma rin po che]]). The abbot of [[Ka-Nying Shedrup Ling Monastery]] and the oldest son of [[Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche]]. Author of 'Union of Mahamudra and Dzogchen' and of 'Jewel of the Heart,' Rangjung Yeshe Publications, 1987. [RY]
[[Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche]] ([[chos kyi nyi ma rin po che]]). The abbot of [[Ka-Nying Shedrup Ling Monastery]] and the oldest son of [[Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche]]. Author of 'Union of Mahamudra and Dzogchen' and of 'Jewel of the Heart,' Rangjung Yeshe Publications, 1987. [RY]


'''[[C continued]]'''


[[Chökyi Nyima]]. Richard Barron [RY]
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[[Chökyi Wangchuk, Shamar VI]]: 1584-c.1635 [MR]
Go To:  


[[Chokyong Gongdu]]. [RY]
'''[[A]]''' - '''[[B]]''' - '''[[C]]''' - '''[[D]]'''


[[Choling]]. The first Choling Rinpoche, [[Chokgyur Dechen Lingpa]] 1829-1870. [Peter Roberts]
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[[Chölung]] ([[chos lung]]) is located in [[Olka]] ([['ol kha]]), a hundred kilometers. west of Lhasa. [MR-ShabkarNotes]
 
[[Chöpal Yeshe]] (Shamar III): 1406-1452 [MR]
 
[[Chowang Gyatsa]] ([[gcod dbang brgya rtsa]]). A collection of one hundred empowerments for the practice of '[[Chod]].' [RY]
 
[[Chöwang Tulku]] [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Chöying Dorje, Karmapa X]]: 1604-1674 [MR]
 
[[Choyul]] ([[gcod yul]]). Synonymous with [[Chod]]. [RY]
 
[[Chözam]] ([[chos zam]]) is a small village. [[Dotsen]] ([[rdo mtshan]]), or "sexed stones," is so called because of large stones naturally shaped as the linga of [[Chakrasamvara]] and the bhaga of [[Vajravarahi]]. They were kept in the [[Dotsen Temple]] ([[rdo mtshan gtsug lag khang]]). Childless couples would come to circumambulate the temple and pray to be blessed with a child. [MR-ShabkarNotes]
 
[[Chronicles of Padma]] ([[padma bka' thang]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Chu dbar sgrub sde]]: Initially a blooming retreat center of the Drigung tradtition, it was then turned to the Karma Khamtsang tradition by the 10th Karmapa who erected there a new large temple and a protectors' temple. Then at the 5th Dalai Lama's time it was turned to the Geluk tradition and renamed [[dga' ldan 'gro phan gling]]. Among the main relics found there are a statue of [[Jetsün Milarepa]] made by [[Rechungpa]] with clay mixed with Milarepa's funeral ashes and Milarepa's nose blood ([[pur thal]] and [[shang mtshal]]) ; an ivory statue of Milarepa made by Rechungpa, too; and a stone from Milarepa's cremation hearth, upon which the six-syllables of the mani mantra appeared miraculously. /[[brag dmar po mtho mchong lung]] [MR]
 
[[Chubar Gonpa]] - The place where [[Jetsun Milarepa]] passed away, also known as the [[Retreat Center of Chubar]] ([[chu dbar sgrub sde]]). At one time a flourishing retreat center of the Drigung tradition, it was then converted to the Karma Kamtsang tradition by the Tenth Karmapa who erected there a large temple and a protectors' temple. Then in the fifth Dalai Lama's time, the monastery was converted to the Geluk tradition and renamed Ganden Drophen Ling (dga' ldan 'gro phan gling). [MR-ShabkarNotes]
 
[[Chuchik Shel]] ([[bcu gcig shel gi dgon pa bde chen chos kyi pho brang]], lit. the "Dharma Palace of Great Bliss, the Crystal Monastery in Eleven," is thus called because of the "Crystal Monastery" located in the lower part of a valley named "Eleven." Crystals in the shape of deities, such as [[Chakrasamvara]], [[Guru Padmasambhava]] and the [[eight Bodhisattvas]], and of [[stupas]], [[conches]], [[vajra and bell]], etc.. are found in abundance on the boulders around the monastery. [MR-ShabkarNotes]
 
[[Chumar Chungwa Ngawang Gedun Tashi Gyatso]] ([[chu dmar chung ba ngag dbang dge 'dun bkra shis rgya mtsho]]). Born in Shohong Lakha, he studied under both [[Geluk]] and [[Nyingma]] masters, such as [[Chöying Tobden Dorje]] ([[chos dbyings stobs ldan rdo rje]], c.1787-1848. [MR-ShabkarNotes]
 
[[Chusang Monastery]] ([[chu bzang]]) [[Ganden Mingyur Ling]] ([[dga' ldan mi 'gyur gling]]); near there in ba khog the big and small Thayenchi retreat places ([[tha yan chi che chung]]) founded by [[chu bzang rnam rgyal dpal 'byor]], 1578-1651. [MR]
 
[[Chuwori]] ([[chu bo ri]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Cittamatra]] ([[sems tsam pa]])- One of the four major schools of Buddhist philosophy, characterized by emphasis on mental events.  The [[Mind-Only]] School of [[Mahayana]], asserting the view that [[all phenomena]] are 'only' the appearances of 'mind.' [RY]
 
[[City of Gandharvas]] {dri za'i grong khyer}. A curious phenomenon sometimes seen by people with visionary faculties: a city complete with buildings and inhabitants appears, and then disappears again without a trace, after a few days or just a few moments. [RY]
 
[[Clarifying the Aspects of the Auspicious Melody]] [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Clarity]] ([[gsal ba]]). See [['bliss, clarity and nonthought]].'[AL] [RY]
 
[[Clear Dharma-eye]]. The enlightened vision which clearly sees the four noble truths (for Hinayana), or the truth of the [[nonarising of dharmas]] (for [[Mahayana]]). In the [[Maha Ratnakuta Sutra]], this term mainly applies to [[Hinayana]]. [RY]
 
[[Clear Mirror]] which is found in the second volume of [[Kagye Desheg Dupa]]. [RY]
 
[[Clear Words]] [commentary on Nagarjuna's Fundamental Treatise on the Middle Way]; Mulamadhyamaka-vrtti-prasannapada; ([[tshigs gsal ba]]); [[Chandrakirti]], 7th century. [PK] [RY]
 
[[Clearing the Obstacles of the Path]] ([[bar chad lam sel]]). A supplication to [[Guru Rinpoche]]. [RY] (Light of Wisdom, vol. 1)
 
[[Close approach]] ([[nye bar bsnyen pa]]). The second of the '[[four aspects of approach and accomplishment]]. [RY]
 
[[Cloud of Dharma]] ([[chos kyi sprin]]) [[bhumi]] The tenth of the [[ten bodhisattva levels]]. (Light of Wisdom, vol. 1) [RY]
 
[[Cloud of Dharma Sutra]] ([[chos kyi sprin zhes bya ba'i mdo sde]]). [ZL] [RY]
 
[[Cloud of Jewels Sutra]] ([[dkon mchog sprin gyi mdo]], Ratnamegha Sutra). [EMP] [RY]
 
[[Cloudless Light]] ([[sprin med 'od]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Coemergent]] ([[lhan cig skyes pa]]). Born together; coincidence of the nature of things (natural or innate.) born together; natural or innate. [The two aspects of [[mind, appearance and emptiness]], co-exist.  As is said: "Coemergent mind is [[dharmakaya]], coemergent [[appearance]] is the light of [[dharmakaya]]." [RY]
 
[[Coemergent appearance]] ([[snang ba lhan cig skyes pa]]). [RY]
 
[[coemergent ignorance]] ([[lhan cig skyes pa'i ma rig pa]]) 1) as synonym for the [[all-ground]]; explanation as in [[Dzogchen]].  2) 'Coemergent' means arising together with or coexisting with one's mind, like sandalwood and its fragrance. 'Ignorance' here means lack of knowledge of the nature of mind;  3) in [[Mahamudra]] practice the deluded aspect, the moment of oblivion that allows confused thinking to occur.  4) Ignorance which is coemergent with our [[innate nature]] and remains present as the potential for confusion to arise when meeting with the right conditions.  5) The ignorance one is born with.  6)  The lack of knowledge of one's own nature. [RY]
 
[[Coemergent mind]] ([[sems nyid lhan cig skyes pa]]). [RY]
 
[[Cognition]] ([[shes pa]]). [RY]
 
[[cognition, ensuing cognition, acceptance and ensuing acceptance of the Dharma]] ([[chos rjes shes bzod]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[cognitive act]] ([[sems]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[cognitive obscuration]] ([[shes bya'i sgrib pa]]). The subtle obscuration of holding on to the concepts of subject, object and action. This is temporarily purified in the moment of recognizing the [[nature of mind]], and utterly purified through the [[vajra-like samadhi]] at the end of the [[tenth bhumi]].  2) ([[shes sgrib]]); as synonym for [[all-ground]]; at the [[time of the ground]]; explanation of the [[subtle aspect]]; in relation to the [[seven vajra qualities]]; 3) The objects to be abandoned by means of the ten bhumis are ten types of cognitive obscuration which are not disturbing emotions, so that here, in terms of being antidotes to these, our ten wisdoms are defined as our realization of these ten bhumis.  See also obscuration [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Cognizance]] ([[gsal ba]]). The mind's inherent capacity for knowing. [RY]
 
[[Cognizant quality]] ([[gsal cha]]). The mind's inherent capacity for knowing. [RY]
 
[[Collected Works]] {[[sdud pa]]}. Name of a sutra. [RY]
 
[[Collections]] ([[sde snod]]), [[Bodhisattva]]; [[Shravaka]]; [[three or four]].  Collections; see also [[Tripitaka]]; Three; Three, expl.; [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Combined Sadhana of the Three Wrathful Ones]] ([[drag po sum bsgril]]). [ZL] [RY]
 
[[Commentary on Bodhichitta]]; Bodhichittavivarana; ([[byang chub sems 'grel]]); [[Smrtijñanakirti]], 10th-11th centuries. [PK] [RY]
 
[[Commentary on Logic]] [commentary on [[Dignaga's Compendium of Logic]] [Pramana-samuccaya]]; Pramanavarttika-karika; ([[tshad ma rnam 'grel]]); [[Dharmakirti]], 7th century. [PK] [RY]
 
[[Commentary on the Essence Manual of Instructions]] [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Commentary on the Vajra Heart]] ([[rdo rje snying 'grel]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Common and supreme siddhis]] ([[thun mong dang mchog gi dngos grub]]). Usually they refer to the [[eight common siddhis]] and the [[supreme siddhi of mahamudra]], [[complete enlightenment]]. [RY]
[[common and supreme siddhis]]. The supreme siddhi is the accomplishment of complete enlightenment. The common siddhis are usually [[eight types of miraculous powers]].[Primer] [RY]
 
[[common Mantrayana]] ([[sngags thun mong]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Common vehicles]] ([[thun mong gi theg pa]]). A term for [[Hinayana]] and [[Mahayana]] taken together and compared with the '[[supreme vehicle]],' [[Vajrayana]].  (See the comparison with the Vajra Vehicles [[rdo rje theg pa]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Compassion]]
 
[[Compassion Display Tantra]] ([[snying rje rol pa'i rgyud]]). One of the [[Five Display Tantras]] among the [[Eighteen Mahayoga Tantras]]. [ZL] [RY]
 
[[Compendium]] ([[sdud pa]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Compendium of all Practices]]; Shiksasamuccaya; ([[bslab btus]]) – [[Shantideva]], 8th century. [PK] [RY]
 
[[Compendium of Conception Tantra]] ([[rtog pa bsdus pa'i rgyud]]). One the [[Four Major Sections of Yoga Tantra]]. [ZL] [RY]
 
[[Compendium of the Abhidharma]]; Abhidharmasamuccaya; ([[mngon pa kun btus]]); [[Asanga]], 4th century. [PK] [RY]
 
[[Compendium of Valid Knowledge]], Pramanasamuccharya, ([[tshad ma kun las btus pa]]), by [[Dignaga]]. [MR]
 
[[Complete and Perfect Buddha]], samyak sambuddha, ([[yang dag par rdzogs pa'i sangs rgyas]]). [RY]
 
[[Complete Array]] {[[kun bkod]]}. Name of an [[aeon]]. [RY]
 
[[Complete Collection of the Eight Instructions]]". ([[bka' brgyad yongs 'dus]]) [Peter Roberts]
 
[[Complete enlightenment]] ([[rdzogs pa'i byang chub]]). Same as '[[buddhahood]].' [RY]
 
[[Complete Illumination]] ([[kun tu 'od]])". The eleventh level or bhumi "Complete Illumination" : Sanskrit: Samantaprabhumi; Tibetan:, the state of Buddhahood. Note however that there is also a system of twelve Bodhisattva levels with "Complete Illumination" being the twelfth. [Peter Roberts]
 
[[Completing Stage]] (utpanna krama, [[rdzogs pa'i rim pa]]). Second of the [[Two Stages of Anuttara Yoga Tantra]]. [RY]
 
[[Completion Anu Yoga]]. See [[Anu Yoga]] [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Completion in an instant's thought]] ([[skad cig dran rdzogs]]) [Peter Roberts]
 
[[Completion Stage]] or sometimes, completion phase {[[rdzogs rim]]}. Of the two aspects of Vajrayana practice, the [[development stage]] being the other and which is usually entered into first, (although ultimately the two come to be experienced as inseparable), the completion stage is the unelaborate, subtle phase of creative visualization in the [[Tantric Vehicles]], also called #redirect[[perfection stage]]. #redirect[[Completion stage]] ([[rdzogs rim]]). '[[Completion stage with marks]]' ([[mtshan bcas rdzogs rim]])  is the [[Six Doctrines]] and it means yogic practices such as [[tummo]]. '[[Completion stage without marks]]' ([[mtshan med rdzogs rim]]) is the practice of Essence [[Mahamudra]] or [[Dzogchen]]. See also '[[development and completion]].' [[channels, winds, and essences]]; The [[completion stage]] [[in relation to the definitive meaning;]] [[luminosity]]; meaning of [[mandala]].  #redirect[[completion stage]]. [LWx] [RY]
 
[[Complexities]] ([[spros pa]]). Any mental formulation. A conceptual construct which is not innate to our [[nature of mind]]. [RY]
 
[[Compounds and noncompounds]] ([['dus byas dang 'dus ma byas]]). Two categories of phenomena according to the [[Abhidharma]] system. 1) Compounds are products dependent upon causes and conditions and arise, remain and cease. 2) Noncompounds, like space or [[suchness]], are unconditioned. [RY]
 
[[concealed teachings on passion]] [LW1] [RY]
 
[[concealment of the relative]] [LW1] [RY]
 
[[concentration]] ([[bsam gtan]]) [LW1] [RY]
[[Concentration]] (Skt. [[samadhi]], [[ting nge 'dzin]]). 1) A state of one-pointed attention. 2) [[concentration]]; expl. three types of the fifth paramita [pg. 126, Light of Wisdom] [RY]
 
[[Concept and discernment]] ([[rtog dpyod]). Gross conception and fine discrimination. [RY]
 
[[concept of a self-entity]] ([[bdag rtog]]); as one of the causes of samsara [LW1] [RY]
 
[[conceptionless god]] ([['du shes med pa'i lha]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[conceptionless serenity]] ([['du shes med pa'i snyoms 'jug]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Conceptual Ignorance]] ([[kun brtags kyi ma rig pa]]). In [[Vajrayana]], #redirect[[conceptual ignorance]] is this mind apprehending itself as [[subject and object]]; [[conceptual thinking]]. In the [[Sutra system]], [[conceptual ignorance]] means superimposed or 'learned' wrong views; gross general beliefs which obscure the [[nature of things]].  explanation as in [[Dzogchen]]; [[conceptual ignorance in relation to the mind consciousness]]; in [[Mahamudra]] practice, it means [[conceptual thinking]]. [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Conceptual mind]] ([[blo]]). In this context, the act of our intellect which discerns and classifies phenomena is a hindrance for the [[naked state of awakened mind]] which can operate unimpededly without concepts. [RY]
 
[[conceptual mind consciousness]] ([[yid shes rtog bcas]]); [RY]
 
[[Conceptualizations]], [[conceptions]], [[concepts]] ([[vi]]) kalpa, ([[rnam par]]) ([[rtog pa]]). Conceptual thoughts. [RY]
 
[[Conceptualizing the three spheres]] ([['khor gsum du dmigs pa]]). Retaining the concepts of a [[subject, object, and action]]. [RY]
 
[[Conch-lettered instructions]] {[[dung yig can]]} by [[Vimalamitra]]. Part of the [[Bima Nyingthig]]. [RY]
 
[[Concise Manual For Daily Practice]] ([[rnal 'byor rgyun gyi bkol byang]]). The condensed version of the [[guru sadhana]] of Lamey Tukdrub [[Barchey Künsel]]. [RY]
 
[[Concise Practice Way of the Vajra Recitation]] ([[rdo rje'i bzlas pa lam du byed tshul 'dus pa]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[concurrent cause]] ([[mtshungs ldan gyi rgyu]]); in terms of ignorance [LW1] [RY]
 
[[concurrent formations]] ([[ldan pa'i 'du byed]]); listing of fifty-one within the [[aggregate of formations]] [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Condensed Meaning of the Graded Path]] ([[byang chub lam gyi rim pa'i nyams len bsdus don]]), written by [[Tsongkhapa]]. [MR-ShabkarNotes]
 
[[Condensed Perfection of Wisdom]] (Skt. Prajnaparamita-sancayagatha, Tib. [['phags pa shes rab pha rol tu phyin pa sdud pa tshig su bcad pa]], T 13). [MR-ShabkarNotes]
 
[[Condensed Prajnaparamita]] ([[sher phyin bsdus pa]]). A [[Mahayana]] scripture. [RY]
 
[[Condensed Tantra]] ([[bsdus rgyud]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Condensed version of Hevajra Tantra]] ([[brtags pa gnyis pa]]). [RY]
 
[[Conditioned Virtue]] ([[zag bcas kyi dge ba]]). Spiritual practice in which a dualistic point of reference is used. Includes the preliminaries, seven branches and so forth. [[Unconditioned virtue]] is the recognition of [[buddha nature]], often called '[[threefold purity]].' These two aspects of virtue gather the [[two accumulations]], remove the [[two obscurations]], manifest the [[twofold knowledge]], and actualize the [[two kayas]].  [AL] [RY]
 
[[Confession of Downfalls from Bodhichitta]] ([[byang chub ltung bshags]]). A [[Mahayana]] [[sutra]]. [ZL] [RY]
 
[[Confession of Misdeeds]] ([[ltung bshags]]) is part of the [[triskandhaka sutra]] ([[phung po gsum gyi mdo]], T 284). [MR-ShabkarNotes]
 
[[Confession of the Expanse of the View]] ([[lta ba'i klong gi bshags pa]]). The same as the [[Natural Confession]]. [ZL] [RY]
 
[[Confession of the Supreme Wisdom Body]] ([[ye shes sku mchog gi bshags pa]]). [ZL] [RY]
 
[[Confession of Twenty-eight Points for Adopting and Avoiding]] ([[nyi shu rtsa brgyad blang dor gyi bshags pa]]). [ZL] [RY]
 
[[Confident faith]] ([[yi ches kyi dad pa]]). The third of the [[three kinds of faith which is unshakable confidence]]. [RY]
 
[[Confucius]]: 551-479 BC [MR]
 
[[Confused experiences]] ([['khrul snang]]). All the experiences of ordinary people which, actually being like the dream state, are regarded as being real and solid. [RY]
 
[[Confusion and liberation]] ([['khrul grol]]). Same as [[samsara]] and [[nirvana]]. [RY]
 
[[confusion arising from indivisibility]] [LW1] [RY]
 
[[confusion arising from no presence]] [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Conqueror]] ([[jina]], [[rgyal ba]]) ([[bcom ldan 'das]]).  Names for the [[Buddha]]. [RY]
 
[[Conquerors' Offspring]] or Son, jina putra, ([[rgyal ba'i sras]]). [[Bodhisattva]]. [RY]
 
[[Consciousness]] ([[rnam shes]]). [RY]
 
[[Consciousness transference]] {[['pho ba]]}. A practice to directly send the consciousness to the [[Buddhafield of Amithaba]] at the time of death. [RY]
 
[[Consciousnesses of the five senses]] ([[sgo lnga'i rnam par shes pa]]). The acts cognizing visual form, sound, smell, taste, and texture. [RY]
 
[[consecration]] ([[rab gnas]]). [RY]
 
[[Consecration and empowerment]] ([[byin brlab dbang bskur]]). A phase in the [[development stage]] at the end of having created the visualization of the [[yidam deity]] which involves consecrating one's [[three higher chakras]] with [[enlightened body, speech and mind]] as well as [[empowering the deity]] with the [[crown of the five buddha families]]. [RY]
 
[[Constructs]] ([[spros pa]]). Any mental formulation. A conceptual fabrication which is not innate to the [[nature of mind]].  [RY]  #redirect[[constructs]]
 
[[Contamination]] (asrava, [[zag pa]]). [RY]
 
[[Contemplating]] ([[bsam pa]]). In the context of learning, contemplating and meditating, it means reflecting on the meaning of these teachings one has received so as to clear away doubts and misconceptions. [RY]
 
[[Contemplation]] {[[ting nge 'dzin]]}. Skt. [[Samadhi]]. A state of profound concentration. [RY]
 
[[contest of miracles]] - When [[Jetsun Milarepa]] and the [[Bönpo Naro Bönchung]] held their famous contest of miracles to decide who would retain supremacy over the sacred mountain, they left imprints of their feet in the rocks and many other miraculous signs. See G.C.C. Chang (1962), p. /*. [MR-ShabkarNotes]
 
[[continuity]] ([[rgyud]]); as [[sugata essence]]; definition of [[tantra]]; [LW1] [RY]
 
[[continuity of cause]] ([[rgyu rgyud]]); explanation of sugata essence [LWx] [RY]
 
[[continuity of ground]] ([[gzhi rgyud]]); explanation of sugata essence [LWx] [RY]
 
[[continuity]]; as [[sugata essence]]; as synonym for [[sugata essence]];  expl.; definition of [[tantra]]; definition of [[ground]], expl. [LWx] [RY]
 
[[continuous instant of deluded thinking]] ([['khrul rtog rgyun gyi skad cig ma]]); creator of [[samsara]] [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Continuous Mantra Practice]] ([[sngags sgrub na ra ma]]). Text composed by [[Padmasambhava]] on [[Mahayoga sadhana]]. [ZL] [RY]
 
[[continuous torma]] ([[rgyun gtor]]). one that remains upon the shrine throughout the practice, either as offerings or as representations of the [[deity]]. [RY]
 
[[continuous wheel of eternity]] ([[rtag pa rgyun gyi 'khor lo]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[conventional bodhichitta]] [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Conventional homage of the gesture]] ([[drang don kun rdzob brda phya]]). [RY]
 
[[Conventional truth]] ([[kun rdzob kyi bden pa]]). The seeming, superficial and deceptive aspect of reality. It is defined differently by the different philosophical schools.  See also [[two truths]] [LW1] [RY]
 
[[convoluted pattern]] ([[pa tra]]) [Peter Roberts]
 
[[Cool Grove]] ([[bsil ba tshal]], Skt. Sitavana). [ZL] [RY]
 
[[Copper Colored Mountain]] ([[zangs mdog dpal ri]]). The name of the pure land of [[Guru Rinpoche]]. [RY]
 
[[Corpse raiser]], corpse raising spirit, vetala, ([[ro langs]]). A kind of demon or spirit that occupies dead bodies. [RY]
 
[[correct discrimination]]. See also [[four correct discriminations]] [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Correct posture]]: This is usually described as the five aspects of meditation posture, or the seven aspects of [[Buddha Vairochana]]'s posture. The details vary from text to text, surprisingly different in each "authoritative" work. The variances are usually because two features are counted as one, or another is left out. Principal differences are as to whether the eyes are focused upon the tip of the nose, or eight finger-widths beyond it. While one version merely states that the hands are four finger-widths below the navel in the meditation mudra and that the shoulders are level, another specifies that the elbows should not be bent and the shoulders should be uplifted like a vulture's wings. An example of the five features: 1.Legs crossed. 2.Hands in meditation mudra four finger-widths below the navel with the shoulders uplifted. 3.Chin bent inwards. 4.eyes gaze at the tip of the nose. 5.Lips and teeth only just meeting and the tip of the tongue against the palate. / An example of the seven features: 1.Legs in the vajra posture. 2. Hands in meditation mudra four finger-width below the navel. 3.A straight back. 4.Shoulders raised. 5.Chin bent downwards. 6. Lips just meeting and the tongue's tip against the palate. 7. The eyes focused four finger-widths beyond the tip of the nose. [Peter Roberts]
 
[[Correct superficial truth]] ([[yang dag kun rdzob kyi bden pa]]). [RY]
 
[[couch-grass]]. Tibetan [[dur ba]]. Sanskrit durva. Widespread throughout the world and difficult to eradicate because of the nature of its segmented roots. For that reason it is an auspicious offering for long-life, particularly the roots. [Peter Roberts]
 
[[Countless]] (asamkhya, asamkhyeya; [[grangs med pa]]). A very large finite number.  The number of ten followed by approximately fifty zeros. [RY]
 
[[courageous eloquence]] ([[spobs pa]]), explanation of eight great treasure mines [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Cow nectar]] ([[ba byung sna lnga]]). Five essences from a special cow. [RY]
 
[[Cow Utilizing Continent]] ([[ba glang spyod]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Cow-products]], five; panca gavya, ([[ba'i rnam lnga]]). Milk, sour mink or yogurt, butter, dung, urine. [RY]
 
[[Crazy Tekya]] ([[rtas skya smyon pa]]): [[rtas skya]] is written in a mystic [[dakini script]] and has no ordinary intelligible meaning. As communicated by [[Trulshik Rinpoche]], because he was refused the consort he needed for the discovery of the [[Guru Sadhana]] ([[gu ru bla sgrub]]), [[Donyö Dorje]] ([[don yod rdo rje]]), could not reveal it fully and write it down. Soon afterward, the maiden who should have been his consort died. The parents felt great regret and contacted the yogin, who said that the auspicious connection had been missed. It is said that he brought the girl back to life for a few moments and gave her instructions, adding that he would guide her in the bardo. After these events, Donyö Dorje concealed the [[Yellow Scroll]] ([[shog ser]]) in a mask, to be discovered again as a [[yang gter]]. His immediate reembodiment, the former Trulshik Rinpoche, [[Thongdrol Dorje]] ([[mthong grol rdo rje]]), found this Yellow Scroll when he came to Nepal with [[Dzatrul Ngawang Tendzin Norbu]] ([[rdza sprul ngag dbang bstan 'dzin nor bu]], 1867-1940, the present Trulshik Rinpoche's root teacher) to perform the reconsecration of the Bodhnath stupa. Thongdrol Dorje also wrote expanded versions of the other sadhanas of the [[Three Roots]]. [MR-ShabkarNotes]
 
[[Created nirmanakaya]] ([[bzo sprul sku]]). An emanation of the [[buddhas]] for the purpose of converting particular beings. Sometimes statues and scriptures are also included under this type of [[nirmanakaya]]. [RY]
 
[[Crystal Cave Chronicles]] ([[bka' thang shel brag ma]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Crystal Cave of Drag Yangdzong]] ([[sgrag yang rdzong shel gyi brag phug]]). The retreat place of [[Padmasambhava]]'s body. Situated between [[Lhasa]] and [[Samye]] in central Tibet. [ZL] [RY]
 
[[Crystal Cave of Yarlung]] ([[g.yar klung shel gyi brag phug]]). One of the five major retreat places of [[Guru Rinpoche]]; the place of [[enlightened qualities\\. It is also the site where one of his chief disciples, [[Kharchen Yeshe Shönnu]], attained [[realization of Nectar Quality]]. Situated one day's walk above [[Tramdruk]] in the Yarlung valley, central Tibet. [ZL] [RY]
 
[[Crystal Cave Reed Fortress]] ([[shel phug chu shing rdzong]]), west of [[Chubar]]. See MI, p.186. [MR-ShabkarNotes]
 
[[Crystal Peak of Rong]] ([[rong shel mo gangs]]), is a sacred mountain in [[Limi Rong]] in the district of Dolpo, Western Nepal. There is a guide to this legendary site, [[gnas chen shel mo gangs gi dkar chag mthong ba rang grol]], written by one [[bla ma padma dngos grub]]. [MR-ShabkarNotes]
 
[[Culminated Awareness]] ([[rig pa tshad phebs\\). The third of the four visions in [[Dzogchen]]. [RY]
 
[[Cultivate pure realms]] ([[dag pa'i zhing sbyong ba]]). In this context a practice connected with [[dream yoga]]. [RY]
 
[[Curd Drinker]], the [[rishi]] ([[drang srong zho 'thung]]) [LW1] [RY]
 
[[Cutting]] ([[gcod]]). Synonymous with [[Chod]]. [RY]
 
[[Cutting Off Errors and Deviations, the Lion's Roar]] ([[gol shor tshar gcod seng ge'i nga ro]]) is a text from the cycle of the [[Longchen Nyingthig]] ([[klong chen snying thig]]). The cycle rediscovered in a vision by [[Rigdzin Jigme Lingpa]].  This text explains the various deviations through which a practitioner may go astray in his meditation.  [MR-ShabkarNotes]
 
[[Cutting through]] ([[khregs chod]]). Cutting through the stream of the thoughts of the [[three times]]. Same as '[[Trekcho]].' [RY]
 
[[Cutting Through of Primordial Purity]] ([[ka dag khregs chod]]). The main practice in Dzogpachenpo. See [[Trekcho]]  [RY]
 
[[Cyclic existence]] ([['khor ba]], [[samsara]]). [RY]

Revision as of 21:20, 8 February 2006

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C


Calm and Insight, or Quietude and Insight (shamatha vipashyana, zhi gnas lhag mthong). One-pointed concentrated meditation, and analytical meditation on Emptiness. [RY]

Camphor-like is a name for the moon in Tibetan poetry. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Candala (Skt). Outcaste. [RY]

capable preparatory stage (nyer bsdogs mi lcogs med); summary definition of the ‘capable preparatory stage’ is the ‘seven types of attention’ in addition to the basis of the ‘nine means of mental stillness’. The seven types of attention are: 1) the attentions of characteristics 2) interest 3) seclusion 4) delight 5) discernment 6) basis of application and 7) result. The nine means of mental stillness are: 1) Resting 2) continual resting 3) repeated resting 4) Fully resting 5) taming 6) pacifying 7) Fully pacifying 8) one-pointedness 9) settling in equanimity. A full definition can be found in Light of Wisdom, vol. 1, pgs. 170 and 268 [RY]

Capacity (thugs rje). In Dzogchen, one of the three most basic principles or aspects: essence, nature, and capacity. The combination of these three is revealed self-manifested as profound compassion which here has a much deeper meaning than selfless kindness and the wish to alleviate the suffering of others. It is the natural expression which is of the indivisibility of emptiness and luminosity or, emptiness and wakefulness. [RY]

Carefree Vagrant (yan pa blo bde) (?-1926?) The chief disciple and lineage holder of Mipham Rinpoche. Carefree Vagrant was the unconventional name Shechen Gyaltsab Pema Namgyal used for himself. He is one of His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche's root gurus. His collected works were published in India by His Holiness. [RY]

Carya-tantra (spyod rgyud). Second of the Four Levels of Tantra. rgyud sde bzhi - Four sections of tantra are:

Categorized ultimate of concepts and words (rnam grangs pa mtshan ma tshig gi don dam). [RY]

causal (rgyu'i) [LW1] [RY]

causal and resultant vehicles
Causal and Resultant Vehicles (rgyu dang 'bras bu'i theg pa). The teachings of Hinayana and Mahayana which regard the practices of the path as the causes for attaining the fruition of liberation and enlightenment, and the Vajrayana system of taking fruition as the path by regarding buddhahood as inherently present and the path as the act of uncovering and revealing this basic state.
The great master Longchenpa defined these as follows:
"The causal vehicles are so called because of accepting a sequence of cause and effect, asserting that buddhahood is attained by increasing through the circumstance of the two accumulations the qualities of the nature of the sugata essence, which is merely present as a seed.
The resultant vehicles are so called because of asserting the basis for purification is sugata essence endowed with qualities which are spontaneously present as a natural possession in sentient beings, just as the sun is endowed with rays of light; and any objects of purification are temporary defilements of the eight collections of consciousnesses (rnam shes tshogs brgyad), like the sky being (temporarily) obscured by clouds; also, one realizes the result of purification, this primordially present nature - by means of which the purification of the paths of ripening and liberation are revealed. Besides this, there is no difference (between the two) in sequence or quality." [AL] [RY]

Causal philosophical teachings (rgyu mtshan nyid kyi chos). The teachings of Hinayana and Mahayana which regard practices of the path as the causes for attaining the fruition of liberation and enlightenment. [ZL] [RY]

Causal philosophical vehicle (rgyu mtshan nyid kyi theg pa) is comprised of the three yanas of the shravaka (nyan thos kyi theg pa), pratyekabuddha (rang sangs rgyas / rang rgyal kyi theg pa) and bodhisattva (byang chub sems dpa'i theg pa) vehicles. Compare with ‘Resultant Vehicle’[RY]

causal refuge; compared to refuge of fruition; expl. [LWx] [RY]

causal teachings [LW1] [RY]

causal vehicle of the paramitas [LW1] [RY]

Causal vehicles (rgyu'i theg pa). Same as the two vehicles, Hinayana and Mahayana. The practitioners of these vehicles regard the practices as the cause for attaining fruition. [RY]

Cause and effect (rgyu 'bras). 1) The natural law of dependent origination. 2) The law of karma. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Cave in which the Dri Vanished ('bri thim phug) also called Drira Phuk, the "Cave of the Dri Horn" ('bri rwa phug). When Gyalwa Götsangpa opened the sacred place of Kailash (from 1213 to 1221), he came to the Wild Yak Valley ('brong lung), knowing that the hill overlooking it was the palace of the Thousand Buddhas. As he approached, the Lion-headed Dakini (seng ge dong ma) appeared to him in the form of a female of the wild yak, or Drong Dri ('brong 'dri), and showed him the path to a certain cave. There it vanished into one of the walls, leaving on the rock the visible mark of its horn. Götsangpa meditated for several years in this cave. Above the entrance of it he, too, left his footprint in the rock. See MK, p.53. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Cave of Miracles (rdzu 'phrul phug) lies to the southeast of Mt. Kailash, and is a few hours' walk from the mountain itself. When Jetsun Milarepa constructed his meditation cave with a few boulders, he first found that the ceiling of the cave was too low. Stretching his body, he pushed the ceiling up, leaving the print of his head in the rock. Then he thought that the ceiling was too high, so he went outside and stepped on the rock from above the cave, leaving prints of his feet in the rock. Shabkar stayed in retreat in a nearby smaller cave located above the Cave of Miracles. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

cave of Standing-on-My-Feet (rkang tshugs phug), so called because this was the place where Milarepa first established himself on the solid ground of spiritual practice, i.e. "stood on his own two feet." [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Cave of the Subjugation of Mara - GL, p.56/a says that the actual door of the cave, which Shabkar thus reopened, had been closed by nonhuman beings. According to a personal communication from Toni Huber, the cave itself has an outer and an inner part, separated by a narrow passage with a low roof. The stone hearth of Jetsun Milarepa is the centerpiece and inner sanctum of the cave. The temple is built as a continuation of the outer part of the cave. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Cave of the Subjugation of Mara (bdud 'dul phug) is the principal among the four main caves of Lapchi, the three other one being the Crest Cave (ze phug), the Revelation of All Secrets (sbas pa kun gsal), and the Prophesied Cave of the Great Forest (lung bstan tshal chen phug), and the [Hidden Cave]] (sbas phug). The Cave of the Subjugation of Mara is one of the "four widely known caves" mentioned in Milarepa's life-story (see Bacot, 1925, and Lhalungpa, 1984). It was in this cave that Jetsun Milarepa subjugated a host of demons who had attacked him. It is also the place where, blocked by snow that had fallen for eighteen days and nights, he spent six months in complete seclusion, surviving on one measure of tsampa. There too, Milarepa performed many miracles and left nearby a footprint in a rock. See Tsang Nyong Heruka's Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa (mi la'i mgur 'bum) and their translation in English by G.C.Chang (1977). Other great saints who meditated in this cave include Milarepa's moon-like disciple Rechung Dorje Trakpa (ras chung rdo rje grags pa, 1084-1161), Nyö Lhanangpa (gnyos lha nang pa, 1164-1224), the "Mad Yogin of Tsang Ornate with Bones" (gtsang smyon heruka rus pa'i rgyan can, 1452-1507), and the "Victorious Hermit of Lapchi," Namkha Gyaltsen (rgyal la phyi pa nam mkha' rgyal mtshan, fifteenth century, said to be the mind-aspect incarnation of Milarepa). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Cave of Yangleshö (yang le shod kyi brag phug). Situated in the southern end of the Kathmandu Valley, near the village of Pharping. The 'Upper Cave of Yanglesh"' is also known as Asura Cave. [ZL] [RY]

Central Channel (dbu ma, avadhuti). The central subtle channel within the body, running from the base of the spine to the crown of the head. [AL] [RY]

Central Tibet [LW1] [RY]

Cessation ('gog pa). A temporary state in which sensation and thinking have ceased. Sometimes mistaken as being the state of liberation. [RY]

cessation; the truth of truth of cessation [LWx] [RY]

Chagdud Tulku [LW1] [RY]

Chagmey Rinpoche; (chags med rin po che) alias Karma Chagmey [LWx] [RY]

Chak (lcags). [ZL] [RY]

Chakdrukpa. [RY]

Chakpori (lcags po ri) is the hill near the Potala, on top of which was the medical college. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Chakra ('khor lo). 'Wheel' or junction of subtle channels in the body. [RY]

Chakranatha ('khor lo'i mgon po); expl.; [LWx] [RY]

Chakras - there are four main chakras, which are located at the head, throat, heart, and navel. Three channels (nadi) pass through these chakras, acting as the conductors of energy and vital forces. Patterning (rtsa), energy (rlung), and vitality (thig le) refer to the interrelationship of these elements. [RY]

chakras Skt. (Tib. 'khor lo) are symbolic "wheels", or circular diagrams, upon which are written mantras and formulae meant for protection, for helping one to attain liberation, and for accomplishing any of the four activities for the sake of sentient beings. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Chakrasamvara ('khor lo bde mchog). A main yidam or tantra of the New Schools. [RY]

Chakravartin ('khor los sgyur ba'i rgyal po). See Universal Monarch.[Primer] [RY]

chakravartins. Chakravartin: "One who rules through the wheel". A world ruler of Indian mythology. In Buddhism, he is the incarnation of a Bodhisattva as a world ruler. He is said to have gained the highest position within the human worldly life through such an exceptional accumulation of merit that he possesses many miraculous powers and magical possessions. [Peter Roberts]

Chakshus (Skt). The meaning in this context should be clarified through oral instructions from a qualified master. [RY]

Chakzam Tulku Rinpoche - Before his death, the famed Tibetan siddha Thangtong Gyalpo blessed with his body, speech and mind his close disciple Tendzin Chöje Nyima Zangpo (bstan 'dzin chos rje nyi ma bzang po) who was also said to be his son. The latter is therefore considered to be a "reincarnation before death" (ma 'das sprul sku). (Communicated by Cyrus Stearns.) The successive incarnations of Nyima Zangpo are known as the Chakzam tulkus (lcags zam sprul sku) and were the heads of Chuwori (chu bo ri) Monastery, in central Tibet. The lama whom Shabkar met might have beenTendzin Yeshe Lhundrup (bstan 'dzin yes shes lhun grub), the seventh and most famous incarnation, or the eighth incarnation, Tendzin Khyenrab Thutop (bstan 'dzin mkhyen rab mthu stobs). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Cham. [RY]

Chamara (rnga g.yab). One of the eight sub-continents surrounding Mount Sumeru as well as the support for the terrestrial pure land of Guru Rinpoche known as the Glorious Copper Colored Mountain. [ZL] [RY]

Chamara Skt.(Tib. rnga yab), the southwestern island of the Raksasas, from which rises the Glorious Copper-colored Mountain (zangs mdog dpal ri), the Buddhafield of Guru Padmasambhava. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Chameh Rinpoche. Karma Chameh (chags med) 1613-1678. A monk of the Karma-Kagyu school, who spent thirteen years in retreat from 1649 until 1662, the last seven years of which he was joined by Mingyur Dorje 1645-1667, who entered the retreat at the age of ten. During this retreat the young Mingyur Dorje had visions that Karma Chameh wrote out as thirteen volumes of "Space-Dharma" teachings. While these were to form the heart of the Palyul Nyingma school, many of these practices are of great importance in the Karma Kagyu lineage. Karma Chameh himself composed numerous works. [Peter Roberts]

Ch'an - Chinese Buddhist school that traces to Bodhidharma; eventually southern Ch'an, stressing sudden enlightenment, became dominant [RY]

Chandra Gomi; expl.; quotation by [LWx] [RY]

Chandrabhadra [LWx] [RY]

Chandragomi. Chandra means moon and gomi means the kinsman of Gomi (go mi'i dge bsnyen). [RY]

Chandragomin - Disciple of Sthiramati, famed for his universal knowledge [RY]

Chandragupta - founder of Mauryan Dynasty at end of fourth century B.C. [RY]

Chandrakirti - Leading Prasangika Madhyamaka master [RY]

Chandrakirti, Dharmakirti, Vasumitra, Haribhadra, Chandragomin: 7th century ?? [MR]

Chandrakirti; (zla ba grags pa) Born in South Indian in a Brahmin family, Candrakirti became one of the last and chief disciple of Nagarjuna. Not only did he become one of the most outstandidng scholar, but he also attained supreme realization. He was able to work miracles, such as milking the drawing of a cow, or stopping invading armies with a stone lion which he magically made roar in terrifying way. At Nalanda University, where he was a teacher he had a famous debate with Chandragomin who himself was assisted by Avolkiteshvara[ who used to appeared to him in person. One of his principal work is (Nagarjuna’s) Supplement to the Middle Way, the Madhyamakavatara. [MR]

Chang (chang). Tibetan beer brewed from barley. [Bardo Guide 91] [RY]

Chang: the most common Tibetan fermented beverage, prepared with millet. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Ch'ang-an - Capital of China during T'ang dynasty; important translation center [RY]

Changchup Dorje, Karmapa XII: 1703-1732 [MR]

Changdram (gcang 'gram). [ZL] [RY]

Change and fall ('pho ltung). The fall into the lower states of existence, after the long enjoyment of celestial pleasures. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Changeless Light ('od mi 'gyur ba) Samantabhadra [LW1] [RY]

changeless light. "Changeless Light" being also one of the names for the Dharmakaya Buddha. [Peter Roberts]

Changeless Nature [LW1] [RY]

Changing suffering ('gyur ba'i sdug bsngal). The fact that pleasure is impermanent and not under one's individual control. One of the 'three sufferings.' [RY]

Changkya Rolpa Dorje (lcang skya rol pa rdo rje), teacher of the Emperor of China, -1786 [MR]

Changkya Rolpey Dorje / lCang kya Rol pa'i rdo rje - Founder of the lcang skya incarnation lineage of Mongolia and influential adviser to the Manchu court [RY]

Changkya Tamje Khyenpa, the "All-knowing Changkya", lcan skya thams cad mkhyen pa gna dbang chos ldan, born contemporaty of Buton, born in water horse year of 11th cycle. [MR]

Changphukma (byang phug ma). [ZL] [RY]

Changtra Düntse (byang pra dun rtse). [ZL] [RY]

Channels (rtsa). See 'nadi.' [RY]

channels, energies and essences. [Daki] [RY]

channels, winds and essences (rtsa rlung thig le); expl.; Padmasambhava's mastery; Nadi, prana, and bindu; the constituents of the vajra body. The channels are the 72,000 nadis and the 40 million minor nadis abiding in the body. The winds are the 21,600 pranas circulating within the nadis. Connected with them, the essences which are the white and red bindus permeate. These three aspects are the subtle bases for body, speech and mind.[Primer] [LWx] [RY]

Channels;. The subtle veins (rtsa), in which circulate the various energies (rlung) of the body, energies which carry along these veins the white and red essences (thig le). In the deluded state these three are related to the three poisons: attachment, hatred and ignorance; in the wisdom state they are related to the Three Kayas [MR]

Chariot of the Profound View (zab mo lta ba'i shing rta). See also Lineage of the Profound View [LW1] [RY]

Chariot of the Vast Conduct (rgya chen spyod pa'i shing rta). See also Lineage of the Vast Conduct [LW1] [RY]

Charnel ground (dur khrod). A site where bodies are left to decompose or be eaten by wild animals. Frequented by ghosts and spirits, it is a suitable place for advanced practitioners to gain progress in their realization. [ZL] [RY]

Charnel ground ornaments (dur khrod kyi chas). The attire worn by a wrathful buddha. [RY]

Charya (spyod pa). The second of the four sections of tantras according to the Sarma schools. [RY]

Charya Tantra (spyod rgyud) Charya Tantras place emphasis on purification of body and speech through ritual and meditation, establishing a relationship between the deity and the practitioner similar to that between brothers or friends. Realization can be gained within seven human lifetimes. [LW1] [RY]

[[Chedok[[. [RY]

Chekawa ('chad kha ba): 1101-1175 [MR]

Chekawa Yeshe Dorje; ('chad ka ba ye shes rdo rje), 1102-1176, a very learned kadampa master and a great practitioner of the bodhicitta teachings. He formulated in verse the teachings of the Seven-point Mind Training, which he received from Sharawa; (sha ra ba) ***. [MR]

Chemchok (che mchog) [LW1] [RY]

Chemchok Heruka (che mchog he ru ka). One of the 58 wrathful buddhas. [RY]

Chengnawa (spyan mgna'):(Tsultrim Bar) 1038-1103 [MR]

Chen-ngawa Chökyi Trakpa (spyan snga chos kyi grags pa) Shamar IV: 1453-1524. [RY]

Chephu Shampo (lce phu sham po). [ZL] [RY]

Chetsün Nyingtig (lce btsun snying thig). One of the most important Dzogchen instructions, based on a transmission from Vimalamitra. Jamyang Khyentse had a vision of Chetsün Senge Wangchuk which inspired him to write the precious teaching known as Chetsün Nyingtig. Senge Wangchuk (11th-12th century) is among the lineage gurus in the Nyingtig transmission, which he received from his root guru, Dangma Lhüngyal, as well as directly from Vimalamitra. As a result of his high level of realization, his physical body disappeared in rainbow light at the time of death. In a later reincarnation as Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, he remembered the Dzogchen teachings which Senge Wangchuk had transmitted to the dakini Palgyi Lodrö and wrote them down as the terma] Chetsün Nyingtig, the 'Heart Essence of Chetsün.'[AL] [RY]

Chetsün Senge Wangchuk (lce btsun seng ge dbang phyug) - A great master of the Nyingma Lineage. His name Chetsün means "noble tongued" - someone who never lied, slandered or gossiped. [ [LW1] [RY]

Chikchar (cig char) is a secluded spot in Old Tsari (tsa ri rnying ma) on the northern side of the Pure Crystal Mountain. For a history of Chikchar, see also Filibek (1988, p.4.) [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Child luminosity (bu'i 'od gsal). The experience of luminosity in one's present meditation practice, while on the path. See mother luminosity. [RY]

]]Chimey Dorje]] (Chimey Dorje). A great master and the Father of Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche. [RY]

Chimey Taktsang; place where Lamrim Yeshe Nyingpo was revealed [LW1] [RY]

Chimey Tennyi Yungdrung Lingpa ('chi med bstan gnyis g.yung drung gling pa). See Jamgön Kongtrül [LW1] [RY]

Chimphu (chims phu). The hermitage of caves above Samye in Central Tibet. Guru Rinpoche spent several years there in retreat. [RY]

Chimphu Phuk (mchims phu phug) [LW1] [RY]

Chinese and Mongolian titles of nobility - According to the Annals of Kokonor (see Bibliography to The Life of Shabkar), Chingwang is Prince of the First Order; Jun Wang, Prince of the Second Order; Pile (in Chinese, Pei-le), Prince of the Third Order; Bise, or Be sim (in Chinese, Pei tzu), Prince of the Fourth Order; Gung or Kung, Imperial Duke. T'ai chi is the lowest order of Mongolian nobility. A Jasag, pronounced by Tibetans dzasa (dza sag, or ja sag, in Chinese cha sa k'e), is the chieftain of a Mongolian "banner," or district (see Appendix 3). A Jasag could hold any of the above ranks or titles (from Chingwang to Gung). This title was also given to Tibetan notables by Mongol invaders. The banner system of the Mongols in Kokonor was established by an imperial edict after Lobzang Tendzin's rebellion in 1724. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Chinese Emperors: 1260-1360: Yuang Emperor, Kublai Khan (Mongolian). 1360-1644: Ming (chinese). 1644-1911: Manchu (Ching). 1644-1661: Shun-chih. 1662-1722: K'ang-hsi. 1723-1735: Yung-cheng. 1736-1795: Ch'ien-lung. 1796-1820: Chia-ch'ing. upto 1728: Ambam had no power. 1792-1895: Powerful. 1811-1814: Ambam Ahu Thuli. 1814-1817: Ambam Shiming. 1817-1820: Ambam Yuling. 1820-1907: Kuang-hsu. 1820-1823: Ambam Sunken or Hunken (alias Hun ning)?. 1823-1827: Ambam Zungding or Lunding ?. 1895: 13th Dalai Lama, Ambam becomes less powerful and in. 1908-1911: Hsuan-t'ung [MR]

Chinese Hashangs (rgya nag gi hva shang). The term refers here to the followers of a certain Chinese meditation teacher, Hvashang Mahayana, whose view point was refuted by Kamalashila in a public debate during the Early Spread of the teachings. See also Hashang view. [RY]

Chinese teacher Hashang. (rgya nag gi ston pa hva zhang). A certain Chinese meditation teacher, Hashang Mahayana, whose view point was refuted by Kamalashila in a public debate during the early spread of the teachings. [ZL] [RY]

Chinese wounds (rgya rma) refers to syphilis. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Ching (Manchu). 1644-1911: [RY]

chinghu - the position of chinghu is one rank below Goshir, but still higher than a wang. The whole western continent was divided under the power of four chinghu and eight wang. In our terms we can equate the chinghu with an affiliated but independent ruler, while the position of Wang is closer to that of a district governor. [tur] [RY]

Chingkar Donyö Dorje (phying dkar don yod rdo rje) or "Meaningful Vajra Clad in White Felt." Compassionate teachers like Patrul Rinpoche and Shechen Gyaltsap Pema Namgyal, who emphasized the practice of Bodhicitta, abstained from wearing or using animal furs and skins, and preferred using white felt for their coats and carpets. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Chinul - Twelfth century Son master who helped unite Korean Dharma schools [RY]

Ch'i-tan - People to the north of China who adopted the Dharma; founders of Liao dynasty [RY]

Chiti Yoga (spyi ti'i rnal 'byor). One of the subdivisions of the Instruction Section of Dzogchen: Ati Yoga, Chiti Yoga and Yangti (yang ti). Chiti is defined as covering the general points of Dzogchen. [Bardo Guide 91] [ZL] [RY]

Cho/Chod (gcod). 1) Literally 'cutting.' A system of practices based on Prajnaparamita and set down by the Indian siddha Phadampa Sangye and the Tibetan female teacher Machig Labdrön for the purpose of cutting through the four Maras and ego-clinging. One of the Eight Practice Lineages of Buddhism in Tibet. 2) a tantric system based on Prajnaparamita and introduced to Tibet by dam pa sangs rgyas in which all attachment to one's self is relinquished. ma gcig slab sgron, an incarnation of ye shes mtsho rgyal, was a central figure in the propagation of this teaching. [RY]

Chöd (gcod) - The purpose for Chöd practitioners is not to try to subdue evil spirits but rather taming their own ego-clinging. In the Chöd practice one visualizes one's body being cut into pieces, which are offered to the four classes of guests (see Author's Introduction to The Life of Shabkar, note 32). On a higher level the practice of Chöd is intended to ‘cut-through’ the ego and phenomena which normally are regarded as being truly existent. Chöd practitioner Konchog Chöphel (gcod yul ba dkon mchog chos 'phel, 1767-1834) lived in Urgeh and was the Tulku of Pönlop Tashi Gyatso (dpon slob bkra shis rgya mtsho). Chödpa, a Chöd practitioner. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Chodrak Gyatso, Karmapa VII: 1450-1506 [MR]

Chodruk (chos drug). Same as the Six Doctrines. [RY]

Chodrup Gyatso, Shamar X: 1742-1792 [MR]

Chogdungs (cog brdung). [ZL] [RY]

Chog-ro Lui Gyaltsen. [Daki] [RY]

Chogyal Dorje. [RY]

Chogyal Lhagyari Tashi Tsering Pelbar (chos rgyal lha rgya ri bkra shis tshe ring dpal 'bar). The Lhagyari Kings, said to be originally descendants of celestial beings (lha), are direct descendants of King Trisong Detsen. A prophecy from the State Oracle of Nechung said that if the Lhagyari line flourished, so would Tibet. See also Karsten (1980). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Chögyal Ngakyi Wangpo (chos rgyal ngag gi dbang po, 1736-1807), Shabkar's main teacher, (see Translator's Introduction and Appendices 3 and 4). In the course of this life-story he is referred to by various names: the precious Dharma King, Chögyal Rinpoche, Chögyal Wang (chos rgyal wang), Pöntsang Rinpoche (dpon tshang rin po che), and Chingwang Rinpoche (ching wang rin po che). [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Chögyal Phagpa (chos rgyal phags pa), nephew of Sakya Pandita: 1235-1280. One of the Five Sakya Forefathers. A great master of the Sakya lineage. [RY]

Chokchu dushi. [RY]

Chokgyur Dechen Lingpa (mchog gyur bde chen gling pa). The name of Chokgyur Lingpa (1829-1870). 1) A treasure revealer and contemporary of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Jamgön Kongtrül. Regarded as one of the major tertöns in Tibetan history, his termas are widely practiced by both the Kagyü and Nyingma schools. Chokgyur Lingpa means 'Sanctuary of Eminence.' For more details see The Life and Teachings of Chokgyur Lingpa, Rangjung Yeshe Publications. [RY]

Chokgyur Lingpa (mchog gyur gling pa). The great tertön who revealed numerous terma teachings especially the cycle of Lamey Tukdrub Barchey Künsel. Biographical details; Body Seat; description by H.H. Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche; emanation of Damdzin; Life and Teaching of; meaning of Orgyen Chokgyur Dechen Lingpa; Orgyen Chokgyur Dechen Shikpo Lingpa; seats of; Speech Seat; terma teachings of; consort [Light of Wisdom, vol.1] [RY]

Chokling Mingyur Dewey Dorje [LW1] [RY]

Chokling Pema Gyurme [RY]

Chokling Rinpoche (mchog gling rin po che). The third incarnation of the great tertön Chokgyur Dechen Lingpa whose seat was at Neten in Kham. His reincarnation is in his teens and studying in Bir, Himachal Pradesh. [RY]

Chokling Tersar (mchog gling gter gsar), expl. of lineage. The collection of termas revealed by Chokyur Lingpa together with its connected teachings. [RY] [see Light of Wisdom, vol. 1]

Chokling Tulku. [RY]

Chokro Lui Gyaltsen (cog ro klu'i rgyal mtshan). Early Tibetan translator of great importance and one of the twenty-five disciples of Padmasambhava who recognized him as an incarnate bodhisattva. He worked closely with Vimalamitra, Jnanagarbha, Jinamitra and Surendrabodhi. He is vital to the continuation of the Vinaya lineage in Tibet. Having revealed realization at Chuwori, he aided Padmasambhava in transcribing and concealing terma treasures. The great tertön Karma Lingpa (14th cent.) is regarded as an reincarnation of Chokro Lui Gyaltsen. [ZL] [RY]

Chöku Rinpoche (chos sku rin po che) is a precious white statue of Buddha Amitabha. It is one of the five image- emanations of Avalokitesvara which originated miraculously from the milk lake of the Dakini Land of Karsha (gar shwa, Lahaul, in northern India). The monastery also housed the white conch and the cauldron of Naropa. These three relics were hidden when the monastery was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, and reinstalled in the new monastery rebuilt since 1981. [MR-ShabkarNotes]

Chökyi Dondrup, Shamar VIII: 1695-1732 [MR]

Chökyi Drakpa (chos kyi grags pa bkra shis norbu mi 'gyur dbang gi rgyal po), emanation of the Gyalwang (Gyalwang Drukpa?): 1538-1583 [MR]

Chökyi Lodrö (chos kyi blo gros). The reincarnation of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo. He was a great master upholding the Rime’ tradition as well as one of the root gurus of His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. His reincarnation lives presently at Bir, Himachal Pradesh. [RY]

Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche (chos kyi nyi ma rin po che). The abbot of Ka-Nying Shedrup Ling Monastery and the oldest son of Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche. Author of 'Union of Mahamudra and Dzogchen' and of 'Jewel of the Heart,' Rangjung Yeshe Publications, 1987. [RY]

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