sman

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སྨན
medicine, physic, remedy, medicinal herb [RY]

remedy; x chos la sman gyi 'du shes bskyed par bya'o you should think of the Dharma as the remedy [RY]

nectar medicine, amrita; herbal ingredients, to help, medicinal, medicine, drug, healing, medical, herb, beneficial, helpful, amrita, remedy [RY]

she-demons worshipped by common folk, herbs, medicine, drug, benefit, use, good, physic, medicinal balm, 1 of sde brgyad [JV]

herb[al ingredients], spices, med., drug, healing, [be] beneficial/ helpful, help, amrita, remedy, chemical pesticide/ disinfectant [IW]

bdud rtsi sman - Amrita [RY]

medications; x sman dang sman yig medications and prescriptions [RY]

(med) medicine, medication, materia medica
The highly reputed Astangahrdayasamhita of Vagbhata (6th-7th c.), translated in 1015 by Rin chen bzang po and the Kashmiri Janardana, was the main Indian medical influence in early Tibet. Chinese traditions were present, and traditions from Persia, Uighur, Tangut and Byzantine are mentioned during the imperal period as well. Strongly influenced by the Astangahrdayasamhita, the rGyud bzhi or 4 Tantras (Tibet 12th. c.) of G.yu thog pa the Younger became in the course of the 13th century the central canonical text until today. The regent Sangye Gyatso finished the important commentary Vaidurya sngon po in 1688 and commissioned in the same year the Medical Thangkas of the 4 Tantras. The Materia Medica section is organized in 8 groupes (thangkas 23 to 35, out of 80).

Concerning Materia Medica, Deumar Ge she Bstan 'dzin phun tshog wrote the most reknown pharmacopoeia, Shel gong (1727) and his extensive autocommentary Shel phreng (1737), the Stainless Crystal Garland, describing almost 2300 medicinal substances in 13 groups. During the 10 years of work he travaelled to Nepal and India to research plants which don't grow in Tibet, but were part of the Materia Medica. The mongolian lay-person Jampal Dorje (19th c.) innovated with lively depictions to illustrate not thankas, but a printed book, his mDzes mTshar Mig rGyan (Beautiful Marvelous Eye Ornament), rather a field-guide than a medical treatise. A contemporary reference is 'Khrung dpe dri med shel gyi me long (Immaculate Crystal Mirror of Materia Medica Illustration) by dGa ba'i rdo rje (1995).
The page numbers of the Tibetan in the individual notices refer to the following versions :
Shel gong shel phreng : http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/MW2PD17470
mDzes mTshar Mig rGyan : http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/MW30452
Tibetan names and legends of the 'Medical Thangkas' are taken from 'Tibetan Medical Thangka of the 4 Medical Tantras (gso rig rgud bzhi'i sman thang), 'Phrin-las, Jingfeng (Lhasa 1987)

Of the Materia Medica, roughly 20% are earths and minerals, 20% of animal origin, and 60% plants. The plants used for a given name can vary widely according to local traditions and diverse environements, from the western chinese mountains and eastern Kham, which is a global biodiversity hotspot, through central Tibet and the dry western Himalayas. Further north, in Mongolia, local plants substitute approximately 60% those used in central Tibet, and in the floristically rich Baikal region up to 80%.

Materia medica with notices in the Shel gong Shel phreng :

2.01.2.1 rin po che'i sman, mi bzhu ba'i khams (pp 078.3)
rdo rje pha lam / g.yu / in dra nI la / bai dU rya / padma rA ga / chu snying / chu chung ni la / si ra ka / tau ra ma li / ma rgad / dzus / gandhi / rdo'i snying po / dza' ti / tsu ta / rma bya'i mgrin / sbrul gyi nor bu / chu yi snying po / nal / yid bzhin nor bu / me shel / chu shel / bhai ro / khyung skyugs / g.yang tri / khra man / shel / ka rka ta na / byu ru / mu men / gzi / mchong / sbur len / shang ka shi la / chu yi nor bu / mu tig / nya phyis / pa tra / ce spyang rwa / dung / 'gron bu / ga dza danta / gla ba'i nor bu / rdo ba char 'bebs / chu tshan ring bsrel / ku sha ban dha //

2.01.2.2 rin po che'i sman, bzhu ba'i khams (pp 099.5)
gser / dngul / dngul chu / zangs / lcags / lcags dreg / thong lcags / lcags btsa' / gnam lcags / thog lcags / 'khar ba / ra gan / gsha' dkar / zha nye / ti tsha dkar po / zi la / 'khro //
rin chen ril bu

2.02.1 rdo'i sman, bzhu ba'i khams (pp 113.6)
khab len / gser rdo / dngul rdo / lcags rdo / zangs rdo / rag rdo / ti tsha ser po / gsha' dkar rdo / pha bang long bu / cog la ma / da chu / mtshal / mtshal thal / dngul chu'i rdo / mu zi rdo //

2.02.2 rdo'i sman, mi zhu ba'i khams (pp 118.6)
smug po sbal rgyab, dkar po sbal rgyab, dkar po chig thub, smug po chig thub / gangs thig / cong zhi / be snabs / manya+dzi ra / phag mgo / rdo bye'u mgo / dung 'dra / 'bu skyogs / stang zil / gser zil / dngul zil / gru bzhi / rdo klad (including 'brug klad) / rdo mkhris / rwa 'dra / rdo chu / ldong ros / ba bla / rdo sol (including sol rdo) / rgya snag / dud pa / slang dreg / ga bur nag po / ba nu / rdo rgyus / mthing rgyus / spang rgyus / lig bu mig / btsag / yug / rdo thal / ha shig / mo rde'u / gtsang chab rde'u / rdo spos / lhang tsher / spang ma / mthing sngon / dkar gong / rdo dreg / rdo skyur / 'dzeng / rgya mtsho'i rdo ba / chu rdo / brag rdo / rde'u / bye ma / bye ma reg gcod //

2.03.1 sa'i sman, rang byung (pp 139.3)
gser bye / sin dhu ra / li khri / rams / rgya mtsho'i lbu ba / brag phug kha byang bstan gyi sa / wa ma / thab kyi sa tsig / mtshe skyong / dkar rtsi / sa zhag / se rul / byi khung shar lta'i sa / grog ma dang tshang gi sa / grog shing //

2.03.2 sa'i sman, bcos pa (pp 143.4)
mu zi / so phag / gyo mo / phe'u //

2.04 rtsi'i sman (pp 145.4)
ga bur / dza' ti / li shi / sug smel / ka ko la / cu gang / gur gum / gi wang / gla rtsi / dom mkhris / dbang ril / brag zhun //

2.05.1 shing sman, shing sman 'bras bu (pp 172.4)
a ru ra / ba ru ra / skyu ru ra / snying zho sha / mkhal ma zho sha / gla gor zho sha / mchin pa zho sha / a 'bras / sra 'bras / 'jam 'bras / ka ranya dza / na le sham / pi pi ling / byi tang ga / ma ru rtse / go byed / da trig / smag / so cha / dan rog / shri khanda / dong ga / so ma ra dza / thal ka rdo rje / se yab / ku shu / se 'bru / star bu / rgun 'brum / se rgod / srin shing sna ma / 'phang ma / skyi ba / tshar 'brum / spa 'brum / rgya shug / go yu / g.yer ma / kham bu / star ga / lung tong / rag sha / bo de tse / ka bed / bil ba / 'brug shing / dar shing / khyi shing / 'o se / ja shing / tsam pa ka / ras 'bras / nir ma li //

2.05.2 shing sman, shing sman me tog (pp 216.3)
na ga ge sar / da li / spen ma / stag ma / se ba / skyer pa //

2.05.2 shing sman, shing sman lo ma (pp 219.3)
zhu mkhan / shug pa tsher can / ba lu / 'om bu / smag shad //

2.05.4 shing sman, shing sman sdong bo (pp 220.6)
tsan dan dkar po / tsan dan dmar po / a ga ru / mdzo mo shing / seng ldeng / sgron shing //

2.05.5 shing sman, shing sman yal phran (pp 231.1)
lce myang tsha / tsi tra ka / ba le ka / nim pa / sle tres / kan da ka ri / ga bra / byi tsher / dbyi mong / bra ma / btsod //

2.05.6 shing sman, shing sman pags pa (pp 237.6)
shing tsha / stab seng / skyer pa / se rgod / yo 'bog / ma gal / lcang ma / dbyar pa / glang ma //

2.05.7 shing sman, shing sman tshi ba, (pp 241.4)
shing kun / smyug sngon tshi ba / spos dkar / gu gul / shel ta / nags ma'i thang chu / rgya skyegs / la cha / mon cha ra / thang khrag //

2.06 ldum bu thang sman, ldum bu'am thang sman (pp 245.3)
ldum sman : medicinal adventitious plants ('bad herbs' growing in or around cultivated fields)
thang sman : medicinal plants from plains or flatlands, usually with thick roots like perennials.
tig ta / ba sha ka / ma nu pa tra / pushkar mu la / ru rta / 'bra go / ma nu shu zur / ma nu gser shing / sman sga / sga skya / yung ba / shu dag / thang phrom / lang thang rtse / dbang po lag pa / lca ba / nye shing/ ra mnye / a shwa gan dha / gze ma / lcam pa / brag lcam / ldum bu re ral / brag spos / brag skya ha bo / khyung sder / rtsad / dgu thub / ldum stag / gres ma / dkar po chig thub / dwa ba / snya lo / lug mur / shing mngar / dur byid / thar nu / khron bu / sngon bu / lcum rtsa / chu rtsa / chu ma rtsi / re lcag pa / spyang tsher / ri sho / sho mang / sga sho / spru ma / tang kun / 'bam po / rgya rtsi / zwa / zwa phyi a ya / yu gu shing / bya pho rtsi / g.yer shing pa / mtshe ldum / phur mong / yog mo / mkhan pa / tshar bong / a krong / ming can / byi bzung //

2.07.1 sngo sman, sngo sman rtsa ba (pp 291.1)
sngo sman : plants of which all parts are used, usually small roots like annual herbs.
hong len / bong nga / dpa' bo dkar po / su mi / sro lo / 'bri mog / ga dur / gla sgang / dur ba / pu shel / gro ma / sug pa /

2.07.2 sngo sman, sngo sman lo ma (pp 303.2)
stong ri zil pa / g.ya' kyi ma / stag sha / a wa / par pa ta / 'dam bu ka ra / kon pa gab skyes (incl. khrog chung pa) / bai dU rya 'dra / gsor ldem / nya lcibs / sbal pa lag pa / gser skud / ku sha / gnyan 'dul pa / gnyan thub pa //

2.07.3 sngo sman, sngo sman me tog (pp 310.6)
ut pal / lug mig / lug chung / a byag / tsher sngon / ug chos / gang ga chung / kyi lce / spang rgyan / de ba / rtsa mkhris / lce tsha / g.yar mo thang pa / pad rtsa / rgya men / le brgan / lug ru / shang dril //

2.07.4 sngo sman, sngo sman 'bras bu (pp 323.6)
gser gyi me tog / gser gyi phud bu / dug mo nyung / sngo dug mo nyung / 'u su / sha ta push pa / zi ra dkar po / zi ra nag po / la la phud / go snyod / shu mo za / sgang thog pa / ske tshe / shang tshe / bre ga / sog ga ba / srub ka / til / mda' rgyus / sha mang / sa rdzi ka //

2.07.5 sngo sman, sngo sman lo sdong me 'bras (pp 333.5)
pri yang ku / 'jib rtsi / bya rgod spos / 'bu su hang / zhim thig le / snyi ba / sro ma nag po / chu rug / rta rmig / lug ngal / zangs rtsi / tha ram / na ram / ram bu / spang ram / ti mu sa / khu byug pa / byi shang dkar mo / nad ma / bya rog nyungs ma / sne'u / ga bur tis lo / seng ge 'jigs med / rog po 'joms skyes / zin tig / klu bdud rdo rje / gza' dug nag po / ldum nag dom mkhris / byi rug / spra thog / gan dha bha dra / 'od ldan / rtag ngu / dar ya kan //

2.07.6 sngo sman, sngo sman rtsa lo sdong me 'bras (pp 355.1)
re skon / srol gong / yu mo mde'u 'byin / spang rtsi do bo / rta lpags / a bhi sha / sba yag rtsa ba (pa yag) / smug chung mdan yon / 'bri ta sa 'dzin / spang spos / rgya spos / 'ol mo se / rgu drus / byi'u la phug / sgog skya (including btsong) / sgog sngon (including ri sgog) / myang rtsi spras / lcags kyu / bya rgod sug pa / shang len smug po (bdud rtsi gangs sham pa) / khur mang / pa to la / spor / srad ma //

2.08.2.1 lan tshwa sman, rang byung (pp 377.5)
rgya tshwa / rgyam tshwa / kha ru tshwa / rtsab ru tshwa / lce myang tshwa / mtsho tshwa / lba tshwa / tsha la / lan tshwa / mdze tshwa / ya ba ksha ra / bul tog / da tshur / nag tshur (including ser tshur) / big pan / skam tsha (including brag gi skam tsha) / ba tshwa / tshwa dmar brag tshwa / thang tshwa / chu tshwa //

2.08.2.2 lan tshwa sman, bzo tsha (pp 386.3)
ze tshwa / rwa tshwa / thal tshwa / mtshal tshwa //

2.09 srog chags las byung sman (pp 388.1)
'Medicine from living beings' has two groups : Medicine coming from humans (mi las byung ba'i sman) and Medicine coming from animals (dud 'gro las byung ba'i sman).
Medicine from animals is divided in 8 groups. The Medical Thangkas have some 70 animals in these divisions, but shows other (like insects) elsewhere. Jam-dpal in the Eye Ornament includes all described animals in these divisions :

1. (ri bya) khron gyis brko ba'i sde ('Clawed animals', Raptors) :
ka lan ta / rma bya / gong mo / sreg pa / skyung ka / bya nag / khwa ta / ri bya / 'jol mo //

2. gnyis pa mchu yis brko ba'i sde la ('Beaked animals', Fieldbirds) :
ne tso / khu byug / phug ron / thi ba / skya ga / rba byi / khyim bya / pu shud / zer mo / shing rta mo / khug rta / co ka / nas zan / mchil ba / byi'u //

3. gsum pa ri dwags kyi sde la ('Horned animals', herbivorous) :
sha ba / shwa na ra ga / ri dwags / kha sha / gnyan / gna' ba / gtsod / dgo ba / ra (including ra rgod) / rkyang / gla ba / bse ru / rgya / smug / 'brong / mdzo rgod / ma he / phag (including phag rgod) / ri bong //

4. bzhi ba gcan gzan gyi sde la (carnivores) :
seng ge / glang po che / stag / gzig / gung / dom / dred / mi rgod / spre'u / spyang ki / gsa' / 'phar / g.yi / wa / sbre //

5. lnga pa (rtsal) mthus za ba'i sde la ('forcefully devoring') :
khyung / bya rgod (including bya rgod thal ba) / go bo / glag pa / lang thang rtse / 'ug pa / 'ol ba / srin bya / khra / ne le / bya rog //

6. drug pa mi yis dbad byed pa'i sde la (domestic animals) :
g.yag / ba / mdzo / ba men / skom po / rtol / rnga mong / rta / dre'u / bong bu / lug / ra (including ra rgod) / phag (including phag rgod) / khyi / byi la / khyim bya //

7. bdun pa khung du gnas pa'i sde la (living in burrows) :
'phyi ba / grum pa / te lo / sre mong / bya ma byi / gzugs mo / byi ba / bya wang / da byid (synonym gangs sbal) / skyin gor / rtsangs pa / rmigs pa / sbal pa / sbrul / lcags sbrul / sdig pa / sdig srin / sdom / rta bla / srin bal / bse sbur / bying bying thu lu / zi ldi ra / spru ma'i 'bu / zho sbur / phye ma leb / grog ma //

8. brgyad par rlan du gnas pa'i sde tshan la (living in wetlands) :
chu srin sder mo / sram / chu byi / khrung khrung / ngang pa / ngur pa / so bya / skyar mo / ti rig, gu ling, zas chen / thing ril / rus sbal / 'brug rus / na gi / pir / nya / rme mo / pad me / byang pa / chu sbur / na bun bu mo / 'bu skyogs / cha ga pa //

2.10.1 zhing skyes lo tog sman gra ma can gyi 'bru (pp 410.3)
'bras / khre / khra ma / nas / gro / so ba / sre da //

2.10.2 zhing skyes lo tog sman gang bu can gyi 'bru (pp 411.2)
sran ma (including sran ma ril mo, sran chung leb mo, mon sran leb mo dkar po, mon sran gre’u, rgya sran dkar nag and bal sran) / til gnyis / yungs / zar ma / nyungs ma / la phug //

2.10.3 zhing skyes lo tog sman (pp 415.1)
chang rtsi / 'ba' cha / chang //

2.11 chu'i sman

2.12 me sman

2.13 gdus pa'i sman

Johannes Schmidt (talk) 10:38, 28 October 2024 (EDT)